Ensō

Short description: Japanese motif

(c. 2000) by Kanjuro Shibata XX. Some artists draw with an opening in the circle, while others close the circle.

In Zen, an ensō (円相, "circular form") is a circle hand-drawn in one or two uninhibited brushstrokes to express a moment when the mind is free to let the body create.

Description

The symbolizes absolute enlightenment, strength, elegance, the universe, and (the void). It is characterised by a minimalism born of Japanese aesthetics.

Drawing is a disciplined-creative practice of Japanese ink painting, . The tools and mechanics of drawing the are the same as those used in traditional Japanese calligraphy: One uses an ink brush to apply ink to (a thin Japanese paper).

The circle may be open or closed. In the former case, the circle is incomplete, allowing for movement and development and the perfection of all things. Zen practitioners relate the idea to , the beauty of imperfection. When the circle is closed, it represents perfection, akin to Plato's perfect form, the reason why the circle was used for centuries in the construction of cosmological models (see Ptolemy).

Usually, a person draws the in one fluid, expressive stroke. When drawn according to the (cursive) style of Japanese calligraphy, the brushstroke is especially swift. Once the is drawn, one does not change it. It evidences the character of its creator and the context of its creation in a brief, continuous period. Drawing is a spiritual practice that one might perform as often as once per day.

This spiritual practice of drawing or writing Japanese calligraphy for self-realization is called . exemplifies the various dimensions of the Japanese wabi-sabi perspective and aesthetic: fukinsei (asymmetry, irregularity), kanso (simplicity), koko (basic; weathered), shizen (without pretense; natural), yugen (subtly profound grace), datsuzoku (freedom), and seijaku (tranquility).

See also

• Abstract expressionism, a 20th-century American art movement
• Buddhism in Japan
• Dhyāna in Buddhism, a meditation practice in which the observer detaches from several qualities of the mind
• Ink wash painting, an East Asian style of brush painting that uses black ink
• Ouroboros, an ancient symbol depicting a serpent or dragon eating its tail
• Wuji

Further reading

• Seo, Audrey Yoshiko; Addiss, Stephen (1998). The Art of Twentieth-century Zen: Paintings and Calligraphy by Japanese Masters. Boston: Shambhala Publications. ISBN 9781570623585. OCLC 39108653.