History:List of Classical Age states

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Short description: None
Further information: List of pre-modern states, 1st millennium BC, and 1st millennium
Further information: List of Iron Age states and List of states during Late Antiquity

Classical Antiquity is a period in the history of the Near East and Mediterranean, extending roughly from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is conventionally taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th to 6th centuries, the period during which Late Antiquity blends into the "Dark Ages" or Early Middle Ages.

The geographic scope of Classical Antiquity may be taken to extend to Central Asia and North India due to the far-reaching influence of Greek culture during the Hellenistic period (late 4th to 2nd centuries BC), but the historiographies of other world regions have their own notion of "classicity" which do not fall within the scope of this list.

Africa

State Capital State type Existed
Aethiopia Adulis Kingdom c. 13th – 5th centuries BC
Aksumite Empire Aksum Empire 100–960 AD
Blemmyes Tribal kingdom 600 BC – 8th century AD
Carthaganian Empire Carthage Empire 650–146 BC
D'mt Yeha Kingdom 980–400 BC
Cyrenaica Cyrene Kingdom 631–525 BC
Egypt Sais, Mendes, Sebennytos Kingdom c. 664 BC – c. 332 BC
Garamantian Garama Tribal confederation/empire 1000 BC – 700 AD
Kush Kerma; Napata; Meroe Kingdom 1070 BC – 350 AD
Macedonian Empire Pella Empire 334–323 BC
Mauretania Julia Caesara Kingdom/client kingdom 285 BC – 698 AD
Numidia Cirta Kingdom 202–46 BC
Persian Empire Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa Empire 549–330 BC
Ptolemaic Alexandria Kingdom/empire 305–30 BC
Roman Empire Rome, Constantinople Empire 27 BC-1453 AD
Roman Republic Rome Republic 509–27 BC
Somali City-States Various City-states Various
Vandal Kingdom Kingdom 435–534 AD

Europe

Further information: List of Celtic tribes and List of Germanic tribes
State Capital Type Existed
Achaean League Various Confederation of city states 280–140 BC
Aetolian League Various Confederation of city states 290–189 BC
Antigonid Empire Empire 306–168 BC
Arcadia Kingdom 980–743 BC
Acarnania Kingdom 7th–1st century BC
Argolis Argos Kingdom/republic 1200–226 BC
Athens Republican city state/client 1068–146 BC
Carthaginian Empire Carthage Empire 650–146 BC
Celtic kingdom of Tylis[1] Tylis, Thrace Kingdom 279 - 212 BC
Celtici Tribal confederation 600 - 19 BC
Corinthia Corinth City state 700-338 BC
Dacia Sarmizegetusa, Regia Kingdom 168 BC – 106 AD
Dardania Ulpiana? Tribal Kingdom 4th century – 168 BC
Delian League Various League of city states 478–404 BC
Etruria Veii Kingdom 768–264 BC
Illyria 2000–168 BC
League of Corinth Various Federated states 338–337 BC
Locria Amphissa, Naupactus Kingdom 1250–386 BC
Lucania Tribal kingdom 1000–356 BC[2]
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)/Macedonian Empire Pella Kingdom/Empire 808–168 BC/334–323 BC
Magna Graecia Various Kingdom city states 740–89 BC
Odrysian Thracian kingdom Seuthopolis Kingdom 460 BC- 46 AD
Paeonia Principality/kingdom/client 535 BC – 681 AD
Padanian Etruria Various Federated city states 9th century – 5th century BC
Persian Empire Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa Empire 549–330 BC
Phocis Delphi Amphictyony[3] 690–222 BC
Kingdom of Rome Rome Kingdom 753–509 BC
Roman Empire Rome, Milan, Ravenna, Constantinople Empire 27 BC-1453 AD
Roman Republic Rome Republic 509–27 BC
Sabinum Bovianum Tribal kingdom c. 760 – 494 BC
Samnium Tribal confederation c. 600 – 82 BC
Sparta Sparta Kingdom 950–146 BC
Thessaly Larissa Kingdom 950–344 BC
Tartessos Tartessus Tribal kingdom 1000–450 BC
Tylis Tylis Kingdom 278–212 BC
Umbria Tribal kingdom 9th century – 3rd century BC

Central Asia

name capital state type existed
Aria Kingdom/client 700 BC – 300 BC
Albania Kabalak, Partav Kingdom/client 65 BC – 628 AD
Bactria Bactra Tribal kingdom/client 2140–550 BC
Balhara Balkh Tribal kingdom 12th–7th centuries BC
Cimmerian Bosporus Panticapaeum Kingdom/client 480 BC – 370 AD
Chorasmia Tribal confederation 1290–180 BC
Colchis Phasis Kingdom 1300 BC – 2nd century AD
Dayuan Kingdom/client 329 BC – 280 AD
Fergana Khokand Kingdom 220 BC – 590 AD
Greco-Bactria Bactra, Alexandria on the Oxus Kingdom 256–125 BC
Iberia Armazi, Mtskheta, Tbilisi Kingdom 302 BC – 508 AD
Kangju Tribal federation 280 BC – 585 AD
Kashgar Kashgar Kingdom/client 80–850 AD
Kucha Kucha Buddhist kingdom 46–658 AD
Kushan Empire Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura Empire 30–375 AD
Khwarezm Kath, Gurganj Kingdom 180 BC – 98 AD
Lazica Phasis Kingdom/client 1st century BC – 7th century AD
Macedonian Empire Pella Empire 334–323 BC
Massagetae Tribal Kingdom c. 8th century BCE–c. 3rd century BCE
Maurya Empire Pataliputra Empire 322–185 BC
Parthian Empire Ctesiphon Empire 247 BC – 224 AD
Persian Empire Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa Empire 549–330 BC
Scythia Neopolis Tribal kingdom 690BC-250 BC
Seleucid Empire Seleucia, Antioch Empire 312–63 BC
Sogdiana Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, Kesh Kingdom/client 750–550 BC

East Asia/Southeast Asia

Map of the world in 100 BC
Name Capital/s Type Existed
Âu Lạc Cổ Loa Kingdom 257–207 BC
Ba Yíchéng Tribal confederation 13th century – 311 BC
Baekje Wirye, Ungjin, Sabi Kingdom 18 BC – 660 AD
Buyeo Buyeoseong Kingdom 189 BC – 494 AD
Cai Shàngcài, Xīncài, Xiàcài Client-Marquisate 980–447 BC
Cao Táoqiū Client-Dukedom 1053–487 BC
Champa Indrapura, Vijaya, Panduranga Kingdom 192–1832 AD
Chengjia Chengdu Kingdom 25–36 AD
Chen Wǎnqiū Client-Dukedom 1046–479 BC
Chi Tu Kingdom 100 BC – 7th century AD
Chouchi Lüeyang Principality 184–511 AD
Chu Danyang, JiangYing, JiYing, Shouchun, Client-viscountcy/kingdom 1030–223 BC
Dian Kingdom 300–109 BC
Donghu Nomadic tribal confederation 1400–150 BC
Dong'ou Dong'ou Kingdom 191–111 BC
Funan Vyadhapura,Óc Eo Kingdom 60–550 AD
Gangga Negara Gangga Negara Kingdom 2nd–11th centuries AD
Gaya Gaya Confederacy 42–562 AD
Goguryeo Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang. Kingdom 37 BC – 668 AD
Gojoseon Asadal, Wanggeom-seong Kingdom 2333–108 BC
Han Empire Chang'an, Luoyang, Xuchang Empire 206 BC-220 AD
Kofun period (Japan) 300–538
Jin Tribal federation 550–108 BC
Jin Tang, Quwo, Jiang, Xintian Client-marquisate/dukedom 1042–376 BC
Jolbon Tribal kingdom 1st century – 37 BC
Kandis Kingdom Kingdom 1st century BC – 13th century AD
Langkasuka Kedah, Pattani Kingdom 100–1516 AD
Kushan Empire Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura Empire 30–375 AD
Mahan Cheonan Confederacy 98 BC – 250 AD
Maurya Empire Pataliputra Empire 322–185 BC
Minyue Ye Kingdom 334–111 AD
Na Kingdom 1st century – 3rd century AD
Nanyue Panyu Kingdom 204–111 BC
Pi Xuecheng Earldom/client 1046–418 BC
Pyu Sri Ksetra Federated city states 250 BC – 1085 AD
Qi Qi Dukedom 1600–445 BC
Qi Linzi Client-Dukedom 1046–221 BC
Qin Qin, Quanqiu, Qian, Pingyang Client-marquisate/dukedom 858–221 BC
Qin Empire Xianyang Empire 221–206 BC
Samaskuta Kingdom Kingdom ?–5th century AD
Siljik Kingdom 102 – 6th century AD
Silla Gyeongju Kingdom 55 BC – 935 AD
Sui Suizhou Marquisate & Client 771–221 BC
Sumpa Tribal chiefdom/client 1600 BC – 7th century AD
Shu Kingdom 1046–316 BC
Teng Tengzhou Viscountcy 1046–414 BC
Thaton Thaton Kingdom 300 BC – 1085 AD
Wim Joseon Wanggeom-seong Kingdom 194–108 BC
Wei Anyi, Daliang Marquisate/kingdom 403–225 BC
Văn Lang Anyang Confederation/kingdom 2879–258 BC
Xu Gusu Viscountcy/client 2000–512 BC
Xianbei Nomadic (empire) 93–234 AD
Xiongnu Tribal confederation (empire) 209–155 BC
Yamatai Kingdom 1st century – 3rd century AD
Yan Ji Principality 1046–222 BC
Zhangzhung Kyunglung Kingdom 500 BC – 625 AD
Zhongshan Nomadic kingdom 580–296 BC
Zhou Haojing, Luoyi Kingdom 1046–256 BC
Zou Viscountacy/dukedom 1012–350 BC

South Asia

Map of the world in 200 AD
Name Capital State type Existed
Abhira dynasty Dvaraka Kingdom 200–315/370 AD
Anuradhapura Anuradhapura Kingdom 377 BC – 1017 AD
Anga Champa or Campā Kingdom 1380–550 BC
Arjunayanas Republic 2nd century BC – 6th century AD
Ay Aykudi Kingdom 4th century BC – 12th century AD
Chola Urayur/Kaveripattinam Kingdom 2645–110 BC
Chutu dynasty Banavasi Kingdom 1st century BC – 3rd century AD
Drangiana Tribal chiefdom 950–600 BC
Gangaridai Ganges Kingdom 450–200 BC
Greco-Bactria Bactra, Alexandria on the Oxus Kingdom 256–125 BC
Haryanka Rajagriha, later Pataliputra Kingdom 684–413 BC
Indo-Greek Alexandria in the Caucasus, Taxila, Sagala Kingdom 180 BC – 10 AD
Indo-Parthia Taxila Kingdom 12 BC – 98 AD
Indo-Scythia Sigal, Taxila, Mathura Kingdom 200 BC – 400 AD
Kalabhra dynasty Various Kingdom 1376–285 BC
Kalinga Republic Dantapura/Rajapura Republic 3rd–6th century AD
Kamboja Rajapura Kingdom 1450–195 BC
Kasmira Asirgarh Qila Kingdom 1250–322 BC
Kimpurusha Kingdom 1000–325 BC
Kirata Tribal kingdom 1350 – c. 300 BC
Kosala Shravasti Kingdom 1000–266 BC
Kuninda Shravasti Kingdom 500 BC – 300 AD
Kushan Empire Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura Empire 30–375 AD
Maya Rata Panduwasnuwara Kingdom 504 BC – 1153 AD
Mahameghavahana dynasty Kingdom 1st century BC – 4th century AD
Magadha Rajagriha/Rajgir /Pataliputra Kingdom 799–323 BC
Malla Kusinārā, Pāvā Republic c. 7th century–c. 4th century BCE
Mitra dynasy Mathura Kingdom 150–50 BC
Maurya Empire Pataliputra Empire 322–185 BC
Mushika Ezhimalai Kingdom 3rd century BC – 4th century AD
Nagas of Padmavati Padmavati Kingdom 3rd–4th century AD
Nanda Empire Pataliputra Empire 345–322 BC
Panchala Ahichatra, Kampilya Confederacy 1100–700 BC
Panchala Ahichatra, Kampilya Kingdom/republic 700–323 BC
Pandya Madurai Kingdom 1350–460 BC
Pallava Empire Kanchi Empire 250 BC – 800 AD
Pauravas Kingdom 350–150 BC
Parvata Kingdom c. 9th century – 325 BC
Persian Empire Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa Empire 549–330 BC
Pundra Pundravardhana Kingdom 1300 BC – 550 AD
Rajarata Anuradhapura, Sigiriya, Polonnaruwa Kingdom 377 BC −1310 AD
Ror Rori Kingdom 450 BC – 489 AD
Ruhuna Magama Principality 200 BC – 450 AD
Samatata Samatata Kingdom 232 BC – 7th c AD
Satavahana Empire Amaravati Empire 230 BC – 230 AD
Seleucid Empire Seleucia, Antioch Empire 312–63 BC
Shakya Kapilavatthu Monarchical Republic 800–320 BC
Shunga Empire Vidisha Empire 187–73 BC
Sindhu Vrsadarbhpura Kingdom 800–320 BC
Sinhala Methora Kingdom 700–505 BC
Suhma not specified Kingdom c. 8th century – 4th century BC
Surasena Methora Kingdom 1000–323 BC
Tambapanni Tambapanni Kingdom 543–505 BC
Trigarta Prasthala Kingdom 1150–322 BC
Upatissa Nuwara Upatissa Nuwara Kingdom 505–377 BC
Vanga Gange Kingdom 1300 BC – 580 AD
Vatsa Kauśāmbī Kingdom 1100–323 BC
Vajjika League Vaishali Confederacy c. 7th century BCE - c. 468 BCE
Yaksha Narmada Kingdom 1200–350 BC

West Asia

name capital state type existed
Adiabene Arbela Kingdom/client 15–310 AD
Antigonid Empire Empire 306–168 BC
Araba Hatra Kingdom 3rd century BC – 300AD
Armenia Van Kingdom 553 BC – 428AD
Armenia Minor Kingdom 331–72 BC
Atropatene Ganzak Kingdom/client 320 BC – 226AD
Awsan Ḥajar Yaḥirr Kingdom 7th century BC – 100 AD
Bithynia Nicomedia, Nicaea Kingdom/client 297–74 BC
Cappadocia Mazaca Kingdom/client 332–130 BC
Carmania Kingdom/client 600 BC – 651 AD
Chaldea Bit Yakin Kingdom 1100–539 BC
Characene Charax Spasinou Kingdom 127 BC – 222 AD
Cilicia Tarsus Kingdom 795–546 BC
Commagene Samosata Kingdom/client 163 BC – 72 AD
Corduene Principality/kingdom/client 800 BC – 653 AD
Doris Doris Kingdom 1200–580 BC
Edom Rabbath Ammon Kingdom 1200–125 BC
Elamite Empire Susa Empire 1210–535 BC
Elymais Susa Kingdom/client 147 BC −224 AD
Galatia Ancyra Empire 280–64 BC
Gardman Parisos Principality/kingdom/client 66–428 AD
Gerrha Gerrha Kingdom 650 BC – 300 AD
Greco-Bactria Bactra, Alexandria (Oxus) Kingdom 256–125 BC
Hadhramaut Kingdom 700 BC – 320 AD
Haram Haram Kingdom city state 600 – 175 BC
Hasmonean dynasty Jerusalem Kingdom/Client Kingdom 140–37 BC
Heraclea Pontica Heraclea Pontica Oligarchic republic 365–284 BC
Himyarite Kingdom Zafar, later Sana'a Kingdom 110 BC – 525 AD
Indo-Greek Alexandria(Caucasus), Taxila, Sagala Kingdom 180 BC – 10 AD
Indo-Parthia Taxila Kingdom 12 BC – 98 AD
Indo-Scythia Sigal, Taxila, Mathura Kingdom 200 BC – 400 AD
Judah Jerusalem Kingdom 9th century BC – 586 BC
Judea Jerusalem Kingdom/client 539 BC – 135 AD
Kinda Qaryat Dhāt Kāhil Tribal kingdom 2nd century BC – 525 AD
Lesser Armenia Principality 331–72 BC
Lihyan Dedan Kingdom 6th–3rd century BC
Lycaonia Iconium Kingdom 340–200 BC
Lycia Xanthos, Patara Kingdom 1183–546 BC
Lydian Empire Sardis Empire 680–546 BC
Macedonian Empire Pella Empire 334–323 BC
Magan Kingdom 2200–550 BC
Ma'in ?/ Yathill Kingdom 580–85 BC
Median Empire Ecbatana Empire 678–549 BC
Mysia Pergamon Kingdom 1320–301 BC[4]
Nabataea Petra Kingdom 168 BC – 106 AD
Neo-Babylonian Empire Babylon Empire 626–539 BC
Osroene Edessa Kingdom/client 134 BC – 244 AD
Paphlagonia Gangra Kingdom 1480–183 BC[5]
Pamphylia Perga Kingdom 398–190 BC
Parsua Tribal chiefdom/kingdom[6] 860–600 BC
Parthian Empire Ctesiphon Empire 247 BC – 224 AD
Pergamon Pegamon Kingdom 282–133 BC
Persian Empire Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa Empire 549–330 BC
Pontic Empire Amaseia, Sinope Empire 250 BC – 68 AD
Pontus Amaseia, Sinope Kingdom 281–250 BC
Qataban Timna Kingdom 6th century BC – 2nd century AD
Ptolemaic Alexandria Kingdom/empire 305–30 BC
Roman Empire Rome, Constantinople Empire 27 BC – 1453 AD
Roman Republic Rome Republic 509–27 BC
Saba' Sirwah, Ma'rib Kingdom 12th/8th century BC – 275 AD
Seleucid Empire Seleucia, Antioch Empire 312–63 BC
Sophene Karkathiokerta Kingdom 298–94 BC
Zabdicene Principality/client 780 BC – 5th century AD
Zikirti Kingdom 750–521 BC

Americas

State Capital/s Type Existed
Maya Various Kingdom city states 2000 BC – 900 AD
Mixtec civilization 1500 BC – 1523 AD
Xochitecatl Xochitecatl Kingdom 800 BC – 150 AD

See also

  • List of Iron Age states
  • List of states during Late Antiquity
  • List of states during the Middle Ages
  • List of former sovereign states
  • List of states in the 6th century BC
  • List of states in the 5th century BC
  • List of states in the 4th century BC
  • List of states in the 3rd century BC
  • List of states in the 2nd century BC
  • List of states in the 1st century BC
  • List of states in the 1st century
  • List of states in the 2nd century
  • List of ancient great powers

References

  1. ↑ Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Walbank, Frank William; Griffith, Guy Thompson (1972). A History of Macedonia: 336-167 B.C.. ISBN 9780198148159. https://books.google.com/books?id=qpb3JdwuDQIC. 
  2. ↑ Pritchard, James Cowles. "Kingdoms of Italy: Research into the Physical History of Mankind". 1999–2014. The History Files. http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/ItalyLucani.htm. 
  3. ↑ "Definition of State Type". 2014. Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/amphictiony. 
  4. ↑ "Kingdoms of Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/AnatoliaMysia.htm. 
  5. ↑ "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/AnatoliaPaphlagonia.htm. 
  6. ↑ Eduljee, K D. "Zoroastrian Heritage The Zagros". 2012. The Heritage Site. http://heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/zagros/index.htm. 

External links



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