Organization:Bandung Institute of Technology

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Short description: Public research university in Bandung, Indonesia
Bandung Institute of Technology
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Institut Teknologi Bandung logo.svg
Former name
Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (Dutch)
MottoIn Harmonia Progressio  (Latin)
Motto in English
Progress in Harmony
TypePublic university
Established3 July 1920 (as Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng)
2 March 1959 (as Institut Teknologi Bandung)
RectorProf. Ir. N. R. Reini Djuhraeni Wirahadikusumah, MSCE, Ph.D.
Academic staff
1,207 (as of 2014):[1]
Undergraduate: 19 (1.57%)[1]
Graduate: 300 (24.85%)[1]
Doctorate: 888 (73.57%)[1][needs update]
Students27,436 (as of 2022)[2]
Undergrad : 19,052 (as of 2022)[2]
Master : 6,574 (as of 2022)[2]
Doctoral : 1393 (as of 2022)[2]
Professional : 417 (as of 2022)[2]
Location
Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung
,
Indonesia

[ ⚑ ] : 6°53′27″S 107°36′37″E / 6.890903°S 107.610378°E / -6.890903; 107.610378
CampusUrban
795,646 m2[1][needs update]
|u}}rsDeep Cobalt Blue     [3][4]
AffiliationsABET, ASAIHL, AUN, EBA Consortium, ASEA UNINET, Global E3, AOTULE, SEATUC, AACSB
MascotGanesha
Websitewww.itb.ac.id
Institut Teknologi Bandung logo with namestyle.png

The Bandung Institute of Technology (Indonesian: Institut Teknologi Bandung, abbreviated as ITB) is a national research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. Since its establishment in 1920, ITB has been consistently recognized as Indonesia's premier STEM-based academic institution and reserves its place among the country's top elite universities. It has produced many notable leaders in science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture.

History

De Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng, circa 1924-1932

Bandung Institute of Technology traces its origin to the Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (THB) which was founded during the centuries-old Dutch colonialism of Indonesia. The project was initially proposed by Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha, a Dutch entrepreneur and philanthropist. His proposal was later approved by the colonial government to meet increasing demand of technical know-how in the colony.

The school building was designed in 1918 by a Dutch architect named Henri Maclaine Pont by blending Indonesian vernacular architecture with modern elements.[5] The school first opened its doors on 3 July 1920. By then, it only had one active department, the Faculty of Technical Science and one academic major, The Department of Road and Water Resources Engineering.

During the 1940s, the university rapidly changed hands and experience various renaming.

During the Japanese occupation in the Second World War and ensuing years, the school was renamed as the Industrial University by the Japanese administration. This name was short-lived as a few years later, the Japanese surrender paved the way for Indonesia's declaration of independence and the campus was renamed as Technical High School by the newly-declared republic.[6]

A year later, the Dutch colonial government would return to re-occupy Indonesia and took re-directorship of the campus. It was renamed again as Emergency University of Dutch East Indies as the Indonesian National Revolution raged across the colony. It was during this time that the campus would begin operating the Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Science under the University of Indonesia.

On 2 March 1959, the two faculties of University of Indonesia in Bandung was declared a separate academic entity. Bandung Institute of Technology was founded for higher learning in natural sciences, technologies, and fine arts.[7]

In 2020, Reini Djuhraeni Wirahadikusumah was appointed as rector of the university until 2025 replacing Kadarsah Suryadi.[8] She became the first women rector in the campus 60 years after the inauguration of the campus by President Sukarno, in 1959.[8]

Campuses

The ITB main campus, along with its other campuses, covers a total area of about 770,000 square metres.[9]

Ganesha Campus

The original and main campus in Ganesha has a wide range of facilities. Apart from lecture classes and laboratories, the campus boasts an art gallery, a dedicated sports centre, central library, medical clinic and extracurricular areas.

Jatinangor Campus

Due to the increasing number of students, the decision was made to develop another campus elsewhere. The second campus in Jatinangor served as an integral part of the university and is on the same standing as the Ganesha campus. All Freshmen will have their Joint Preparatory Stage (Tahap Persiapan Bersama - TPB) in Jatinangor Campus starting from August 2023.[10] [11]

Cirebon Campus

ITB plans to build a brand-new campus in Cirebon so as to anticipate future research and educational endeavors. This will be the university's commitment in further developing human resources of Indonesia.

  • ITB Library in 2007

  • The East Hall of Tecnische Hogeschool in Bandung in 1929

  • ITB

  • West Hall of ITB

  • East Hall of ITB

  • Tunnel of ITB

Rankings and Reputation

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[12]n/a (2022)
QS World[13]281 (2024)
QS Employability[13]301-500 (2022)
THE World[14]1201-1500 (2023)
Regional – Overall
QS Asia[13]63 (2023)
THE Asia[14]351-400 (2023)

ITB was ranked 281st worldwide in the 2024 QS World University Rankings, and ranked 63rd in QS Asian University Rankings 2023.[13] ITB has also been ranked 1201–1500 worldwide by THE World University Ranking 2023 and 351-400th in the THE Asia University Rankings 2023.

Domestically, the university is ranked 2nd by QS World University Rankings and ranked 3rd by Times Higher Education.[15][16] ITB is universally and consistently placed among the top three elite universities in the country, having the highest score threshold in Indonesia's national state university entrance test in 2009. Out of the 422,159 candidates who applied, only 2,000 are successfully admitted.[17] To this day, engineering faculties in ITB is nationally accepted as the finest in the country and as such, they are among the toughest to be admitted into.

Apart from STEM-based faculties, the campus also opened a business school called the School of Business and Management (SBM). SBM is considered as the most prestigious and elite business school in Indonesia and regarded as the best business school in Indonesia by eduniversal ranking, global brand magazine and SWA Magazine, the most popular business magazine in Indonesia.[18]

Research

According to the rector of ITB, ITB had built an eight-storey mining research centre for both national and international research such as research on oil reservoirs, production optimisation, geological exploitation and coal exploitation development worth Rp110 billion ($12.1 million).[19]

Faculties and programs

Consisting of 12 faculties and schools, ITB is not only focused on the fields of STEM but also arts and business management which have been recognized at national and international levels.[20]

Natural Sciences Cluster

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMNS)

Indonesian: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)

School of Life Sciences and Technology - Science Program (SLST-S)

Indonesian: Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati - Program Sains (SITH-S)


Pharmacy Cluster

School of Pharmacy (SP)

Indonesian: Sekolah Farmasi (SF)

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Engineering Cluster

School of Life Sciences and Technology - Engineering Program (SLST-E)

Indonesian: Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati - Program Rekayasa (SITH-R)

Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology (FEST)

Indonesian: Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian (FITB)

Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering (FMPE)

Indonesian: Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan (FTTM)

Faculty of Industrial Technology (FIT)

Indonesian: Fakultas Teknologi Industri (FTI)

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (SEEI)

Indonesian: Sekolah Teknik Elektro dan Informatika (STEI)

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Informatics (Computer Science and Software Engineering)
  • Power Engineering
  • Telecommunication Engineering
  • Information System
  • Biomedical engineering
Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (FMAE)

Indonesian: Fakultas Teknik Mesin dan Dirgantara (FTMD)

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Material Engineering
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering (FCEE)

Indonesian: Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan (FTSL)

School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development (SAPPD)

Indonesian: Sekolah Arsitektur, Perancangan, dan Pengembangan Kebijakan (SAPPK)

  • Architecture
  • Urban Planning


Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities Cluster

Faculty of Art and Design (FAD)

Indonesian: Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain (FSRD)

  • Fine Art
  • Craft
  • Visual Communication Design
  • Interior Design
  • Product Design
School of Business and Management (SBM)

Indonesian: Sekolah Bisnis dan Manajemen (SBM)


Faculty of Art and Design (FAD)

FSRD ITB is a higher education institution for Indonesian undergraduate and graduate visual art and design studies. The academic aim of the FSRD ITB is to deliver higher-quality education, research, and community services in all areas of visual art and design.[21] In 2022, Art and Design program in the FSRD ITB was one of the QS World's top 20 Art & Design schools in the Asia region.[22]

Student loan

In January 2024, ITB was reported encouraging their students to pay tuition using loan.[23] This was revealed after an account on Twitter uploaded a photo of a pamphlet containing information on monthly tuition installments managed by a third party.[23] Head of Public Relations ITB, Naomi Haswanto, confirmed that ITB uses financial institutions to help student pay for their tuition and added that the collaboration was carried out using financial institutions that had permission from the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (literally Financial Services Authority; OJK).[23] She also added that the collaboration for paying tuition fees via installments has been implemented with the Danacita platform since August 2023 and stated that several other universities have also provided the option of paying via installments.[24] Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology released a statement and asked the rector of ITB, Reini Wirahadikusumah, to search for a good funding scheme solution after the payment of tuition using an online loan platform went viral and as a mission to provide high quality and inclusive education.[25] OJK asked for an explanation from Danacita as a platform that offers payment of tuition fees in online loan installments.[26]

On 29 January, hundreds of students marched from the ITB Ganesha campus to the rectorate building as a form of protest against the policy of paying tuition fees using online loan installments.[27] They protested by carrying a number of posters against campus policies which were considered burdensome with the offer of payment via online installments.[27] A number of students then tried to negotiate to meet the ITB rector but it ended in a commotion because they were unable to get the rector to come out and meet the crowd to discuss the problem.[27] Chairman of the KM ITB Cabinet, Muhammad Yogi Syahputra, asked the campus to remove the option of paying via installments which is said to reach Rp. 12,500,000 (USD 790) and demanded to provide a guarantee so that students who had payment arrears could fill out study plan forms which were limited until 30 January.[27][28] Former Governor of West Java, Ridwan Kamil, said that ITB intentions were good in providing payments using the installment scheme because not all students have the ability to overcome the financial problems they experience.[29] He added that as much as possible, the payment option should not be a burden on students.[29]

Notable people and alumni

ITB has produced more than 120,000 alumni who play a significant role in nation-building, among others are:[30]

  • Aburizal Bakrie, an Indonesian entrepreneur and politician, former chairman of Bakrie Group, former Indonesian Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs (2005–2009), Chairman of Golkar Party (2009–present), the richest person in Indonesia (Forbes 2007).[31] From 2004 until 2005 Bakrie served as Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Economy.[32][33]
  • Achmad Zaky, CEO & co-founder of Bukalapak.[34]
  • Ahmad Sadali, Abstract Painter and Lecturer the ITB.[35]
  • Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Contemporary ceramic artist based in Japan.[36][37]
  • Arcandra Tahar, Vice Minister and formerly Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia on the Working Cabinet.[38][39]
  • Betti Alisjahbana, Indonesian businesswoman, former chief of IBM Indonesia.[40]
  • Baharuddin Jusuf Habibie, the Third President of Indonesia (1998–1999).[41]
  • Ciputra, Indonesian real estate tycoon, top 15 the richest people in Indonesia 2016.[42][43]
  • Djoko Santoso, Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army from 2005 to 2007, appointed as the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces served from 2007 to 2010, Former President of Association of Indonesian Geophysicist (1998-2000), Former Rector of ITB (2005-2010), Former Rector of UI (2012-2013), Director General of Higher Education.[44]
  • Djuanda Kartawidjaja, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1957–1963).[45][46]
  • Fadel Muhammad, Governor of Gorontalo (2001–2009), Minister for Maritime and Fisheries (2009–2011), Deputy Chairman of Golkar Party.[47]
  • Ginandjar Kartasasmita, former Speaker of Indonesian Regional Representative Council (DPD-RI), former Indonesian Coordinating Minister of Economy.[48][49]
  • Harry Roesli, Indonesian artist and musician.[50]
  • Hartono Rekso Dharsono, the first Secretary General of ASEAN.[51]
  • Hatta Rajasa, Indonesian Coordinating Minister of Economy (2009–2014).[52]
  • Herman Johannes, Indonesian National Hero, Member of Indonesia's Presidential Supreme Advisory Council from 1968 to 1978, and the Minister for Public Works and Energy from 1950 to 1951, member of the executive board of UNESCO from 1954 to 1957, professor, scientist, former dean of Gadjah Mada University.[53]
  • Hetifah Sjaifudian, campus activist and politician who became a member of the 2009–2014 and 2019–2024 House of Representatives (DPR).[54]
  • Hokky Situngkir, Indonesian scientist.[55][56][57][58]
  • Jero Wacik, Indonesian Minister of Culture and Tourism (2004–2011).[59][60]
  • Jesica Fitriana Martasari Alfharisi, Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2019 and Miss Supranational 2019 2nd runner-up.[61]
  • Joko Anwar, film director.[62]
  • Jusman Syafii Djamal, former Indonesian Minister of Transportation, former CEO of Indonesian Aerospace - PT Dirgantara Indonesia (Persero), an Indonesian aircraft manufacturing firm, President Commissioner PT. Garuda Indonesia, the biggest Indonesia stateowned airlines company.[63]
  • Karen Agustiawan, former President of Pertamina, the largest Indonesian Oil Company.[64]
  • Karlina Leksono Supelli, Indonesian philosopher and astronomer. One of Indonesia's first female astronomers.[65]
  • Karno Barkah, Indonesian aviation pioneer, recipient of the French Légion d'honneur, former President Director of the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.[66][67]
  • Kusmayanto Kadiman, former Minister of Research and Technology of Indonesia.[68]
  • Laksamana Sukardi, former Indonesian minister of State-owned Enterprises Management, Indonesian Politician, banker.[69][70][71]
  • Mangunwijaya, Indonesian architect, writer, and Catholic religious leader.[72]
  • Maria Selena, winner of Puteri Indonesia 2011 and represent Indonesia in Miss Universe 2012.[73][74]
  • Merlyna Lim, Indonesian professor, internationally recognized Science & Technology Studies scholar.[75]
  • Nabiel Makarim, Indonesian Minister of the Environment (2001–2004).[76]
  • Pantur Silaban, Indonesian physicist in theory of relativity.[77]
  • Purnomo Yusgiantoro, Indonesian Minister of Defense (2009–present), Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (2000–2009), former President and Secretary General of OPEC.[78][79]
  • Rachmat Witoelar, former Indonesian Minister of Environment, Special Envoy on Climate Change, Head of National Council on Climate Change.[80]
  • Ridwan Kamil, mayor of Bandung from 2013 to 2018, Governor of West Java (2018–present).[81][82]
  • Rinaldi Firmansyah, Former CEO of Telkom Indonesia, the largest fixed-line and wireless telecommunication operator firm in Indonesia.[83]
  • Rizal Ramli, former Indonesian Coordinating Minister of Economy, founder and chairman of ECONIT Advisory Group, an independent economic think-tank.[84]
  • Roby Muhamad, Indonesian scientist famous for his work in social networking and small-world networks.[85][86]
  • Samaun Samadikun, Indonesian scientist dedicated to the development of electronics.[87][88]
  • Soekarno, The First President of Indonesia (1945-1967).[89][90]
  • Taufik Akbar, Indonesian astronaut.[91]
  • Tjokorda Raka Sukawati, inventor of Sosrobahu construction technique.[92][93]


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Webmaster Team, Unit Sumber Daya Informasi ITB. "ITB - Fakta dan Angka". http://www.itb.ac.id/about-itb/facts. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Biro Administrasi Umum dan Informasi ITB. "Data Mahasiswa per jenjang". https://bai.itb.ac.id/en/data-info-akademik/#1676943344437-ab8e6291-4367. 
  3. ↑ "Siskumdang - ITB - Document Details - SK Rektor No. 324/SK/K01/OT/2008". 18 December 2012. http://wrks.itb.ac.id/app/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&gid=82&Itemid=46. 
  4. ↑ CMYK 100,70,0,0 http://www.colorhexa.com/004dff
  5. ↑ The quest for the ultimate architecture Indonesia in the late colonial period , pac-nl.org
  6. ↑ "Usia ITB Genap 100 Tahun, Begini Sejarah Singkatnya" (in id). 2020-07-03. https://bandungkita.id/2020/07/03/usia-itb-genap-100-tahun-begini-sejarah-singkatnya/. 
  7. ↑ "PP 155-2000::Penetapan ITB sebagai BHMN" (in id). https://ngada.org/pp155-2000.htm. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Indonesia, C. N. N.. "Reini Wirahadikusumah, Rektor Perempuan Pertama ITB" (in id-ID). https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20200120163910-199-467046/reini-wirahadikusumah-rektor-perempuan-pertama-itb. 
  9. ↑ ITB, Webmaster Team, Direktorat Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi. "Fakta dan Angka -" (in id). https://www.itb.ac.id/fakta-dan-angka. 
  10. ↑ Ernis, Devy (2023-03-29). "ITB Pindahkan Kegiatan Akademik Mahasiswa Baru 2023 ke Kampus Jatinangor" (in Indonesian). https://tekno.tempo.co/read/1708245/itb-pindahkan-kegiatan-akademik-mahasiswa-baru-2023-ke-kampus-jatinangor. 
  11. ↑ ITB, Webmaster Team, Direktorat Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi. "Kampus ITB Jatinangor Bersiap Sambut Kedatangan Mahasiswa TPB -" (in Indonesian). https://itb.ac.id/berita/kampus-itb-jatinangor-bersiap-sambut-kedatangan-mahasiswa-tpb/59368. 
  12. ↑ "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2022. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)". https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/bandung-institute-technology-itb#wurs. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)". 13 November 2021. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/bandung-institute-technology-itb. 
  15. ↑ "QS World University Rankings 2023: Top Global Universities" (in en). https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023. 
  16. ↑ "World University Rankings 2023" (in en). 4 October 2022. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2023/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/locations/IDN/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats. 
  17. ↑ http://sosialbudaya.tvone.co.id/berita/view/19209/2009/07/31/sebanyak_92511_calon_mahasiswa_lolos_snmptn_2009/[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  18. ↑ Peringkat Ranking Sekolah Bisnis Terbaik di Indonesia | blog strategi + manajemen
  19. ↑ "ITB plans Rp 110b research center". December 2, 2011. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/02/itb-plans-rp-110b-research-center.html. 
  20. ↑ ITB, Webmaster Team, Direktorat Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi. "Fakultas dan Sekolah -" (in id). https://www.itb.ac.id/fakultas-dan-sekolah. 
  21. ↑ Academic Report 2014: Faculty of Art & Design, Bandung Institute of Technology. Bandung Institute of Technology. 2014. pp. 6–7. ISBN 9786029815023. 
  22. ↑ "QS World University Rankings for Art & Design 2022" (in en). https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2022/art-design. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Indonesia, C. N. N.. "Viral Mahasiswa Bisa Bayar Kuliah Pakai Pinjol, ITB Buka Suara" (in id-ID). https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20240125155933-20-1054356/viral-mahasiswa-bisa-bayar-kuliah-pakai-pinjol-itb-buka-suara. 
  24. ↑ tim. "ITB Kerja Sama dengan Pinjol untuk Pembayaran Uang Kuliah Sejak 2023" (in id-ID). https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20240127034800-20-1055037/itb-kerja-sama-dengan-pinjol-untuk-pembayaran-uang-kuliah-sejak-2023. 
  25. ↑ Indonesia, C. N. N.. "Kemdikbud Minta ITB Cari Solusi Usai Viral Bayar Kuliah Pakai Pinjol" (in id-ID). https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20240126183316-20-1054929/kemdikbud-minta-itb-cari-solusi-usai-viral-bayar-kuliah-pakai-pinjol. 
  26. ↑ Indonesia, C. N. N.. "OJK Bakal Panggil Danacita soal Bayar Kuliah Pakai Pinjol di ITB" (in id-ID). https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20240126192337-78-1054942/ojk-bakal-panggil-danacita-soal-bayar-kuliah-pakai-pinjol-di-itb. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Bagaskara, Bima. "Protes Bayar UKT Via Pinjol, Mahasiswa ITB Geruduk Gedung Rektorat" (in id-ID). https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-7166173/protes-bayar-ukt-via-pinjol-mahasiswa-itb-geruduk-gedung-rektorat. 
  28. ↑ "Mahasiswa ITB Unjuk Rasa Tolak Kebijakan Rektorat Soal Skema Pinjol untuk Bayar Uang Kuliah!" (in id). https://www.kompas.tv/video/480987/mahasiswa-itb-unjuk-rasa-tolak-kebijakan-rektorat-soal-skema-pinjol-untuk-bayar-uang-kuliah. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Kata Ridwan Kamil soal Bayar Kuliah di ITB Pakai Pinjol" (in id). https://www.kompas.tv/video/481286/kata-ridwan-kamil-soal-bayar-kuliah-di-itb-pakai-pinjol. 
  30. ↑ inspiraloka (2019-08-11). "100 Alumni ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung) yang Paling Terkenal" (in id). https://www.inspiraloka.com/alumni-itb/. 
  31. ↑ Executive Profile & Biography[|permanent dead link|dead link}}] Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  32. ↑ Wayne Arnold (4 October 2005). "This Bali Bombing Seen as Having Less Economic Effect". The New York Times. http://travel.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/business/worldbusiness/04indo.html. 
  33. ↑ "Coordinating Minister for the Economy: Number of Poor Will Increase". Tempo. 14 August 2005. http://www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2005/08/14/brk,20050814-65287,uk.html. 
  34. ↑ Enricko Lukman, “Bukalapak CEO: Start early, fail more,” Techinasia, 2 Mei 2014
  35. ↑ Tempo.Co. "Mengenang Pelukis Ahmad Sadali" (in en-US). Tempo News. https://m.tempo.co/read/news/2010/02/22/114227630/mengenang-pelukis-ahmad-sadali. 
  36. ↑ "ALBERT YONATHAN SETYAWAN". http://www.changeperformingarts.com/artists/albertyonathan.html. 
  37. ↑ "ArtAsiaPacific: Apotheose". http://artasiapacific.com/Magazine/WebExclusives/Apotheose. 
  38. ↑ "Ignasius Jonan dan Arcandra Tahar diangkat jadi Menteri dan Wakil Menteri ESDM". 14 October 2016. http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2016/10/161014_indonesia_esdm_jonan_arcandra. 
  39. ↑ Media, Kompas Cyber (2016-07-27). "Jokowi Umumkan "Reshuffle" Kabinet, Ini Susunan Menteri Baru - Kompas.com" (in en). KOMPAS.com. http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/07/27/11251961/jokowi.umumkan.reshuffle.kabinet.ini.susunan.menteri.baru. 
  40. ↑ Biografi Betti Alisjahbana Tokohindonesia.com. Retrieved on 2015-06-26.
  41. ↑ "Vice President - President of Indonesia Collection Website". https://kepustakaan-presiden.perpusnas.go.id/en/vice_president/?box=detail&id=7&from_box=list&hlm=1&search_ruas=&search_keyword=&activation_status=&presiden_id=&presiden=. 
  42. ↑ Suryadinata, Leo (2012). Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume I. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 208–210. ISBN 978-981-4345-21-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=v9QEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA208. 
  43. ↑ Isnaeni, Hendri F. (2019-11-12). "创业导师——徐振焕" (in zh). http://www.guojiribao.com/shtml/gjrb/20191112/1506906.shtml. 
  44. ↑ Agil Hari Santoso (10 May 2020). "Mantan Panglima TNI Djoko Santoso Meninggal Dunia, Jajaran TNI AD Kibarkan Bendera Setengah Tiang" (in id). Pikiran Rakyat. https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-01379874/mantan-panglima-tni-djoko-santoso-meninggal-dunia-jajaran-tni-ad-kibarkan-bendera-setengah-tiang?page=all. Retrieved 10 May 2020. 
  45. ↑ "Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Jawa Barat". https://dishut.jabarprov.go.id/index.php?mod=manageMenu&idMenuKiri=463&idMenu=466. 
  46. ↑ "Profil - Djuanda Kartawidjaja" (in en). https://www.merdeka.com/djuanda-kartawidjaja/profil/. 
  47. ↑ Nadjemudin, Adha (9 July 2017). "Fadel Muhammad Kembali Jabat Ketua Yayasan Alkhairat". https://sulteng.antaranews.com/berita/33357/fadel-muhammad-kembali-jabat-ketua-yayasan-alkhairat. 
  48. ↑ Roland Rich (23 June 2014). Parties and Parliaments in Southeast Asia: Non-Partisan Chambers in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand. Taylor & Francis. pp. 175–. ISBN 978-1-317-60553-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=LeTgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT175. 
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