Philosophy:List of organizations opposing mainstream science

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This is a list of organizations opposing mainstream science by frequently challenging the facts and conclusions recognized by the mainstream scientific community. By claiming to employ the scientific method in order to advance certain fringe ideas and theories, they are often charged with promotion of various forms of pseudoscience.

List of organizations

  • American Federation of Astrologers
  • Association for Neuro Linguistic Programming – a United Kingdom organization founded to promote neuro-linguistic programming.
  • Astrological Association of Great Britain
  • The Biodynamic Association – a United States-based company that promotes biodynamic agriculture systems.
  • Center for Indoor Air Research – tobacco industry front group producing industry-friendly research on indoor air quality, disbanded as part of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement in 1998.
  • Creation Research Society – promotes creation science since the 1950s.
  • Discovery Institute – founded in 1990, promotes Intelligent Design.
  • Edinburgh Phrenological Society – founded in 1820, the society was influential in its time, helping popularize the concept of phrenology in the 19th century.[1] The last recorded meeting took place in 1870.[1]
  • Faculty of Astrological Studies
  • Flat Earth Society – an organization which aims to further the idea that the Earth is flat instead of an oblate spheroid. The modern organization was founded by Englishman Samuel Shenton in 1956[2] and was later led by Charles K. Johnson, who based the organization in his home in Lancaster, California . The formal society was inactive after Johnson's death in 2001 but was resurrected in 2004 by its new president Daniel Shenton.[3]
  • Global Energy Balance Network – funded by Coca-Cola and promoting the idea that obesity is due to lifestyle alone, and not excessive calorie consumption.
  • The Heartland Institute – A think-tank on a variety of issues, including support of "climate change skepticism"[4]
  • Institute for Creation Research, promoting a religious worldview in contradiction to current knowledge of evolutionary biology.
  • Kepler College, which grants certificates (and previously degrees) in the studies of astrology.
  • Magi Society, an international association of astrologers.
  • National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality – an organization that offers conversion therapy and other treatments that purport to change the sexual orientation of individuals who experience unwanted same-sex attraction. The organization disagrees with the holding of the world's major mental health organizations that homosexuality is not a disorder.[5]
  • National Council for Geocosmic Research, which promotes research and education in astrology.
  • National Institute for Discovery Science – the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDSci) was a privately financed research organization based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, and operated from 1995 to 2004. It was founded in 1995 by real-estate developer Robert Bigelow, who set it up to research and advance serious study of various fringe science, and paranormal topics, most notably ufology.[6] Deputy Administrator Colm Kelleher was quoted as saying the organization was not designed to study UFOs only. "We don't study aliens, we study anomalies. They're the same thing in a lot of people's minds, but not in our minds."[7]
  • Natural Philosophy Alliance, an organization which believes there are fundamental flaws in theories such as relativity, the big bang, and plate tectonics.[8][9][10]
  • New England Antiquities Research Association, which believes in the occupation of New England by ancient Celts and other western Europeans long before the arrival of the Pilgrims in Massachusetts.
  • Noah's Ark Zoo Farm – a zoo near Bristol, UK, that incorporates its belief in Creationism in its educational material about animals.
  • Parapsychological Association – founded in 1957, the organization's purpose was "to advance parapsychology as a science, to disseminate knowledge of the field, and to integrate the findings with those of other branches of science."
  • Rosicrucian Fellowship, primarily a religious organization, but believing in unorthodox theories of the evolution of the planet Earth and life upon it.[citation needed]
  • Thule Society, largely political, but also believed in Ultima Thule as a lost ancient landmass in the extreme north, home of the Aryan race.

Groups promoting quackery

Quackery is the promotion of ineffective or fraudulent medical treatments.

  • America's Frontline Doctors, a right wing group initially formed to oppose stay at home orders and promoting refuted treatments for COVID-19 including Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin. Since 2021, it has promoted a broad assortment of falsehoods about the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 Vaccines.[11][12]
  • Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, right-wing group promoting AIDS denialism, refuted links between abortion and breast cancer, and other politically motivated pseudomedical theories.
  • Australian Vaccination-Skeptics Network, anti-vaccination group.
  • Generation Rescue, promoting the incorrect view that autism is caused by environmental factors.
  • International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society, promoting the idea that chronic effects after Lyme disease (which are accepted) are caused by a lingering infection (which is not believed to be the cause). See Lyme disease controversy.
  • Morgellons Research Foundation, promoting a hypothetical new disease, morgellons, generally accepted as a manifestation of delusional parasitosis.
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, originally the Office of Alternative Medicine and subsequently the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, established due to the work of Senator Tom Harkin with a brief to validate alternative medicine. A 2012 review found that $1.3bn had been disbursed in grants, and not one treatment had been validated as a result.[13]
  • HeartMath Institute, a research and education organization that's know for promoting a concept called heart coherence,[14] which they believe enables the heart to amplify its psychic powers of telepathy and precognition.[15][16] Government reviews have failed to identify meta-analyses that support the efficacy of heart coherence techniques,[17][18] and they're currently listed on the quackwatch.org list of questionable organizations.[19]

Journals

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kaufman, M. H (1998-10-01). "The Edinburgh phrenological debate of 1823 held in the Royal Medical Society". Journal of Neurolinguistics 11 (4): 377–389. doi:10.1016/S0911-6044(98)00025-6. 
  2. ↑ "Flat Earth Society". howstuffworks.com. 2008-03-14. http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-conspiracy-theory8.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  3. ↑ David Adam (February 23, 2010). "The Earth is flat? What planet is he on?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131204011700/http://www.theguardian.com/global/2010/feb/23/flat-earth-society. 
  4. ↑ Gillis, Justin (May 1, 2012). "Clouds' Effect on Climate Change Is Last Bastion for Dissenters". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/01/science/earth/clouds-effect-on-climate-change-is-last-bastion-for-dissenters.html. Retrieved May 1, 2012. "...the Heartland Institute, the primary American organization pushing climate change skepticism..." 
  5. ↑ "Resolution on Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation Distress and Change Efforts". http://www.apa.org/about/policy/sexual-orientation.aspx. Retrieved 2015-10-14. 
  6. ↑ Dorio Mark (2005) "Ufology: A Very Short Introduction", Trafford Publishing, ISBN:1412064732
  7. ↑ Mercer, Brandon M.. "The UFO Hunters – Scientists at the National Institute for Discovery Science study anomalous phenomena". UFO Evidence. http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc1200.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-30. 
  8. ↑ Margaret Wertheim (2011). Physics on the Fringe: Smoke Rings, Circlons, and Alternative Theories of Everything. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0802778727.  "Aside from the unorthodox titles of many papers, a high number of titles take issue with relativity theory", "In many ways there has never been a better time to be a fringe theorist. [...] for they effectively have their own union. Established by "discoverers" themselves, the Natural Philosophy Alliance serves as a publicly open forum in which outsiders can publish their ideas...", and "In rejecting mathematics as the universe's tongue, the Natural Philosophy Alliance insists on a "scientific line of reasoning" that corresponds to "everyday experience."
  9. ↑ Walter Noll (2006). "On the past and future of natural philosophy". Journal of Elasticity 84 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s10659-006-9068-y. http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=math. "There is now an organization called The Natural Philosophy Alliance with the following description: [quote from web site] This "Alliance" is to genuine physics or natural philosophy as "Creation Science" is to genuine biology."
  10. ↑ "Natural Philosophy Alliance". Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131646/http://www.worldnpa.org/site/about/.  (Archived version as of 13 April 2014)
  11. ↑ Alba, Davey (2021-08-10). "Virus Misinformation Spikes as Delta Cases Surge" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/10/technology/covid-delta-misinformation-surge.html. 
  12. ↑ "How 'America's Frontline Doctors' Sold Access to Ivermectin" (in en). Time. 26 August 2021. https://time.com/6092368/americas-frontline-doctors-covid-19-misinformation/. Retrieved 2023-02-05. 
  13. ↑ Mielczarek, E., Engler, B. 2012. Measuring Mythology: Startling Concepts in NCCAM Grants. Skeptical Inquirer 36(1) (January/February):35–43, 2012.
  14. ↑ "Body & Soul with Gail Harris". https://www.pbs.org/bodyandsoul/203/heartmath.htm. 
  15. ↑ WIRED Staff. "The Truth Is Out There, and the Nation's Maddest Scientists Are After It" (in en-US). Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. https://www.wired.com/2009/04/st-madscientists/. 
  16. ↑ Pira, Frank La; Gillin, Murray (2006). "Non-local intuition and the performance of serial entrepreneurs" (in en). International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 3 (1): 17. doi:10.1504/IJESB.2006.008660. ISSN 1476-1297. http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=8660. 
  17. ↑ NHS Lanarkshire. "Should NHS Lanarkshire refer patients to the Centre for Integrative Care". https://www.nightingale-collaboration.org/images/Appendix_II_Public_Consultation_Document_Jan_2014.pdf. 
  18. ↑ "The HeartMath Program for the Treatment of Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders: Clinical Effectiveness | CADTH". https://www.cadth.ca/heartmath-program-treatment-mental-health-and-psychiatric-disorders-clinical-effectiveness. 
  19. ↑ kreidler, Marc (2022-02-05). "Questionable Organizations: An Overview | Quackwatch" (in en-US). https://quackwatch.org/consumer-education/nonrecorg/. 
  20. ↑ Sepetyi, Dmytro (2018). "Quantum Mechanics and Consciousness: No Evidence for Idealism" (in en). Filosofska Dumka (4): 95–105. https://dumka.philosophy.ua/index.php/fd/article/view/430. 



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