Physics:Isotopes of barium

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Template:Infobox barium isotopes Naturally occurring barium (56Ba) is a mix of six stable isotopes and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001,[1][2] presumably decaying by double electron capture with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×1021 years (about 1011 times the age of the universe). The two measurements are discordant; the above reflects the total range, the value in the table below is a crude average.

With the total range of mass numbers known 114 to 154, there are thirty-three known radioisotopes in addition to 130Ba. The longest-lived of these is 133Ba, which has a half-life of 10.538 years; all others have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived isomers are 133mBa at 38.90 hours and 135m1Ba at 28.11 hours. The analogous 137m1Ba (half-life 2.552 minutes) occurs in the decay of the common fission product caesium-137.

Barium-114 is theorized to undergo cluster decay, emitting a nucleus of stable 12C to produce 102Sn. This decay has not been observed, with only an upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay (0.0034%).

List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] 		Half-life
 Decay
mode
[n 4] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 5][n 6] 		Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 8] 		Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy Normal proportion Range of variation
114Ba 56 58 113.95072(11) 460(125) ms β+ (79%) 114Cs 0+
α (0.9%) 110Xe
β+, p (20%) 113Xe
CD (<.0034%) 102Sn, 12C
115Ba 56 59 114.94748(22)# 0.45(5) s β+ 115Cs 5/2+#
β+, p (>15%) 114Xe
116Ba 56 60 115.94162(22)# 1.3(2) s β+ (97%) 116Cs 0+
β+, p (3%) 115Xe
117Ba 56 61 116.93832(27) 1.75(7) s β+ (87%) 117Cs (3/2+)
β+, p (13%) 116Xe
β+, α (0.024%) 113I
118Ba 56 62 117.93323(22)# 5.2(2) s β+ 118Cs 0+
119Ba 56 63 118.93066(21) 5.4(3) s β+ (75%) 119Cs (3/2+)[3]
β+, p (25%) 118Xe
119mBa[3] 66.0 keV 360(20) ns IT 119Ba (5/2−)
120Ba 56 64 119.92604(32) 24(2) s β+ 120Cs 0+
121Ba 56 65 120.92405(15) 29.7(15) s β+ (99.98%) 121Cs 5/2+
β+, p (0.02%) 120Xe
122Ba 56 66 121.91990(3) 1.95(15) min β+ 122Cs 0+
123Ba 56 67 122.918781(13) 2.7(4) min β+ 123Cs 5/2+
123mBa 120.95(8) keV 830(60) ns IT 123Ba 1/2+#
124Ba 56 68 123.915094(13) 11.0(5) min β+ 124Cs 0+
125Ba 56 69 124.914472(12) 3.3(3) min β+ 125Cs 1/2+
125mBa 120(20)# keV 2.76(14) μs IT 125Ba (7/2−)
126Ba 56 70 125.911250(13) 100(2) min β+ 126Cs 0+
127Ba 56 71 126.911091(12) 12.7(4) min β+ 127Cs 1/2+
127mBa 80.32(11) keV 1.93(7) s IT 127Ba 7/2−
128Ba 56 72 127.9083524(17) 2.43(5) d EC 128Cs 0+
129Ba 56 73 128.908683(11) 2.23(11) h β+ 129Cs 1/2+
129mBa 8.42(6) keV 2.135(10) h β+ 129Cs 7/2+
IT? 129Ba
130Ba[n 9] 56 74 129.9063260(3) ≈ 1×1021 y εε 130Xe 0+ 0.0011(1)
130mBa 2475.12(18) keV 9.54(14) ms IT 130Ba 8−
131Ba 56 75 130.9069463(4) 11.52(1) d β+ 131Cs 1/2+
131mBa 187.995(9) keV 14.26(9) min IT 131Ba 9/2−
132Ba 56 76 131.9050612(11) Observationally Stable[n 10] 0+ 0.0010(1)
133Ba 56 77 132.9060074(11) 10.5379(16) y EC 133Cs 1/2+
133mBa 288.252(9) keV 38.90(6) h IT (99.99%) 133Ba 11/2−
EC (0.0104%) 133Cs
134Ba[n 11] 56 78 133.90450825(27) Stable 0+ 0.0242(15)
134mBa 2957.2(5) keV 2.61(13) μs IT 134Ba 10+
135Ba 56 79 134.90568845(26) Stable 3/2+ 0.0659(10)
135m1Ba 268.218(20) keV 28.11(2) h IT 135Ba 11/2−
135m2Ba 2388.0(5) keV 1.06(4) ms IT 135Ba (23/2+)
136Ba 56 80 135.90457580(26) Stable 0+ 0.0785(24)
136m1Ba 2030.535(18) keV 308.4(19) ms IT 136Ba 7−
136m2Ba 3357.19(25) keV 91(2) ns IT 136Ba 10+
137Ba[n 11] 56 81 136.90582721(27) Stable 3/2+ 0.1123(23)
137m1Ba[n 11] 661.659(3) keV 2.552(1) min IT 137Ba 11/2−
137m2Ba 2349.1(5) keV 589(20) ns IT 137Ba (19/2−)
138Ba[n 11] 56 82 137.90524706(27) Stable 0+ 0.7170(29)
138mBa 2090.536(21) keV 850(100) ns IT 138Ba 6+
139Ba[n 11] 56 83 138.90884116(27) 82.93(9) min β− 139La 7/2−
140Ba[n 11] 56 84 139.910608(8) 12.7534(21) d β− 140La 0+
141Ba 56 85 140.914404(6) 18.27(7) min β− 141La 3/2−
142Ba 56 86 141.916433(6) 10.6(2) min β− 142La 0+
143Ba 56 87 142.920625(7) 14.5(3) s β− 143La 5/2−
144Ba 56 88 143.922955(8) 11.73(8) s β− 144La 0+
145Ba 56 89 144.927518(9) 4.31(16) s β− 145La 5/2−
146Ba 56 90 145.9303632(19) 2.15(4) s β− 146La 0+
147Ba 56 91 146.935304(21) 893(1) ms β− (99.93%) 147La 5/2−
β−, n (0.07%) 146La
148Ba 56 92 147.9382230(16) 620(5) ms β− (99.6%) 148La 0+
β−, n (0.4%) 147La
149Ba 56 93 148.9432840(27) 349(4) ms β− (96.1%) 149La 3/2−#
β−, n (3.9%) 148La
150Ba 56 94 149.946441(6) 258(5) ms β− (99.0%) 150La 0+
β−, n (1.0%) 149La
151Ba 56 95 150.95176(43)# 167(5) ms β− 151La 3/2−#
β−, n? 150La
152Ba 56 96 151.95533(43)# 139(8) ms β− 152La 0+
β−, n? 151La
153Ba 56 97 152.96085(43)# 113(39) ms β− 153La 5/2−#
β−, n? 152La
β−, 2n? 151La
154Ba 56 98 153.96466(54)# 53(48) ms β− 154La 0+
155Ba[4] 56 99
  1. ↑ mBa – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ↑ Modes of decay:
    CD: Cluster decay
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  5. ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. ↑ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  9. ↑ Primordial radionuclide
  10. ↑ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 132Xe with a half-life over 3×1020 years
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Fission product

See also

Daughter products other than barium

References

  1. ↑ Meshik, A.P.; Hohenberg, C.M.; Pravdivtseva, O.V.; Kapusta, Y.S. (2001). "Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements". Physical Review C 64 (3): 035205–1–035205–6. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205. Bibcode: 2001PhRvC..64c5205M. https://zenodo.org/record/1063702. 
  2. ↑ M. Pujol; B. Marty; P. Burnard; P. Philippot (2009). "Xenon in Archean barite: Weak decay of 130Ba, mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and implication for barite formation". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73 (22): 6834–6846. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.002. Bibcode: 2009GeCoA..73.6834P. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zheng, K. K.; Petrache, C. M.; Zhang, Z. H.; Astier, A.; Lv, B. F.; Greenlees, P. T.; Grahn, T.; Julin, R. et al. (30 July 2021). "Neutron excitations in Ba 119". Physical Review C 104 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.104.014326. https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/77280/2/PhysRevC.104.014326.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Fukuda, Naoki; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Inabe, Naohito; Kameda, Daisuke; Ahn, Deuk Soon et al. (15 February 2026). "Expanding the Isotopic Frontier: Seven New Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes Observed at RIKEN RI Beam Factory". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 95 (2). doi:10.7566/JPSJ.95.024202. 

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