Social:Northern Paiute language
| Northern Paiute | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Nevada, California , Oregon, Idaho |
| Ethnicity | 6,000 Northern Paiute and Bannock (1999)[1] |
Native speakers | 700 (2007)[1] |
Uto-Aztecan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pao |
| Glottolog | nort2954[2] |
 Map showing the traditional geographic distribution of Northern Paiute and Mono | |
 Northern Paiute is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Northern Paiute /ˈpaɪuːt/,[3] endonym Numu,[4] also known as Paviotso, is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994.[5] It is closely related to the Mono language.
Phonology
Northern Paiute's phonology is highly variable, and its phonemes have many allophones.[6]
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Lab. | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Stop | p | t | k | kʷ | ʔ | |
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | ||||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Semivowel | w | j | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Open-Mid | e | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Language revitalization
In 2005, the Northwest Indian Language Institute of the University of Oregon formed a partnership to teach Northern Paiute and Kiksht in the Warm Springs Indian Reservation schools.[8] In 2013, Washoe County, Nevada became the first school district in Nevada to offer Northern Paiute classes, offering an elective course in the language at Spanish Springs High School.[9] Classes have also been taught at Reed High School in Sparks, Nevada.[10]
Elder Ralph Burns of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation worked with University of Nevada, Reno linguist Catherine Fowler to help develop a spelling system. The alphabet uses 19 letters. They have also developed a language-learning book, “Numa Yadooape,” and a series of computer disks of language lessons.[10]
Morphology
Northern Paiute is an agglutinative language, in which words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Northern Paiute at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Northern Paiute". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nort2954.
- ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
- ↑ Leonard, Wesley Y.; Haynes, Erin (December 2010). "Making "collaboration" collaborative: An examination of perspectives that frame linguistic field research". Language Documentation & Conservation 4: 269–293. ISSN 1934-5275. http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/4482.
- ↑ Mithun (1999:541)
- ↑ Haynes, Erin Flynn (2010). "Phonetic and Phonological Acquisition in Endangered Languages Learned by Adults: A Case Study of Numu (Oregon Northern Paiute)". PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley
- ↑ Babel, Molly; Houser, Michael J.; Toosarvandani, Maziar (2012), "Mono Lake Northern Paiute", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 42 (2): 240, doi:10.1017/S002510031100051X
- ↑ Joanne B. Mulcahy (2005). "Warm Springs: A Convergence of Cultures" (Oregon History Project). http://www.ohs.org/the-oregon-history-project/narratives/oregon-folklife-traditions/central-oregon/warm-springs.cfm.
- ↑ Joe Hart (Director). "Nevada Proud: Students get a chance to learn native language in school". My News 4. KRNV, Reno, NV. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-24.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Vogel, Ed (2014-02-01). "Paiute elder rescues language near extinction". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/paiute-elder-rescues-language-near-extinction.
Bibliography
- Liljeblad, Sven, Catherine S. Fowler, & Glenda Powell. 2012. The Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary, with an English-Northern Paiute-Bannock Finder List and a Northern Paiute-Bannock-English Finder List. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. ISBN:978-1-60781-030-8
- Mithun, Marianne (1999). Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Snapp, Allen, John L. Anderson, and Joy Anderson. 1982. Northern Paiute. In Ronald W. Langacker, eds. Sketches in Uto-Aztecan grammar, III: Uto-Aztecan grammatical sketches. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics, 57(3) [The publication erroneously stated (56)3, but this has been amended in the PDF made available online by the publisher.] pp. 1–92.
- Thornes, Tim (2003). "A Northern Paiute Grammar with Texts". Ph.D. dissertation. University of Oregon-Eugene.
External links
- Northern Paiute page, with sound sample
- Northern Paiute language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Northern Paiute Indian Language (Paviotso, Bannock)
- Northern Paiute resources at the Open Language Archives Community
- Northern Paiute Language Project, University of California, Santa Cruz
- World Atlas of Language Structures: Northern Paiute
- OLAC resources in and about the Northern Paiute language
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