Software:.NET

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.NET
.NET Logo.svg
Developer(s).NET Foundation
Initial releaseJune 27, 2016; 7 years ago (2016-06-27)
Written inC++ and C#
Operating systemWindows, Linux and macOS
PlatformIA-32, x86-64, and ARM
Predecessor.NET Framework
TypeSoftware framework
LicenseMIT License[1]
Websitedotnet.microsoft.com

.NET (previously named .NET Core) is a free and open-source, managed computer software framework for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems.[2] It is a cross-platform[3] successor to .NET Framework.[4] The project is primarily developed by Microsoft employees by way of the .NET Foundation, and released under the MIT License.[1]

History

On November 12, 2014, Microsoft announced .NET Core, in an effort to include cross-platform support for .NET, including Linux and macOS, source for the .NET Core CoreCLR implementation, source for the "entire [...] library stack" for .NET Core, and the adoption of a conventional ("bazaar"-like) open-source development model under the stewardship of the .NET Foundation. Miguel de Icaza describes .NET Core as a "redesigned version of .NET that is based on the simplified version of the class libraries",[5] and Microsoft's Immo Landwerth explained that .NET Core would be "the foundation of all future .NET platforms". At the time of the announcement, the initial release of the .NET Core project had been seeded with a subset of the libraries' source code and coincided with the relicensing of Microsoft's existing .NET reference source away from the restrictions of the Ms-RSL. Landwerth acknowledged the disadvantages of the formerly selected shared license, explaining that it made codename Rotor "a non-starter" as a community-developed open source project because it did not meet the criteria of an Open Source Initiative (OSI) approved license.[6][7][8] 

1.0 was released on June 27, 2016,[9] along with Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Update 3, which enables .NET Core development.[10] {{Not a typo|.NET Core} 1.1 were released along with .NET Core Tools 1.0 and Visual Studio 2017 on March 7, 2017.[11]

.NET Core 2.0 was released on August 14, 2017, along with Visual Studio 2017 15.3, ASP.NET Core 2.0, and Entity Framework Core 2.0.[12] 2.1 was released on May 30, 2018.[13] NET Core 2.2 was released on December 4, 2018.[14]

.NET Core 3 was released on September 23, 2019.[15] .NET Core 3 adds support for Windows desktop application development[16] and significant performance improvements throughout the base library.

In November 2020, Microsoft released .NET 5.0, which replaced .NET Framework. The "Core" branding was removed and version 4.0 was skipped to avoid conflation with .NET Framework. It addresses the patent concerns related to the .NET Framework.[17]

In November 2021, Microsoft released .NET 6.0.

Version Release date Released with Latest update Latest update date Support ends[18]
.NET Core 1.0 2016-06-27[19] Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 1.0.16 2019 June 27, 2019
.NET Core 1.1 2016-11-16[20] Visual Studio 2017 Version 15.0 1.1.13 2019 June 27, 2019
.NET Core 2.0 2017-08-14[12] Visual Studio 2017 Version 15.3 2.0.9 2018 October 1, 2018
.NET Core 2.1 2018-05-30[13] Visual Studio 2017 Version 15.7 2.1.30 (LTS) 2021 August 21, 2021
.NET Core 2.2 2018-12-04[14] Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.0 2.2.8 2019 December 23, 2019
.NET Core 3.0 2019-09-23[21] Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.3 3.0.3 2020 March 3, 2020
.NET Core 3.1 2019-12-03[22] Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.4 3.1.21 (LTS) 2021 December 3, 2022
.NET 5 2020-11-09[23] Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.8 5.0.12 2021 May 8, 2022
.NET 6[24] 2021-11-08[25] Visual Studio 2022 Version 17.0 6.0.0 (LTS) 2021 November 8, 2024
.NET 7[23] 2022-11 (projected) May 2024 (projected)
.NET 8[23] 2023-11 (projected) (will be LTS) November 2026 (projected)

.NET Core 2.1 and later, i.e. including .NET 5, support Alpine Linux (Alpine primarily supports and uses musl libc[26]).[27]

As of .NET 5, Windows Arm64 is natively supported. Previously, .NET on ARM was applications compiled for the x86 architecture, thereby meaning the applications were using the ARM emulation layer.[28]

Language support

.NET uses the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)

.NET fully supports C# and F# (and C++/CLI as of 3.1; only enabled on Windows) and supports Visual Basic .NET (for version 15.5 in .NET Core 5.0.100-preview.4, and some old versions supported in old .NET Core).

VB.NET compiles and runs on .NET, but as of .NET Core 3.1, the separate Visual Basic Runtime is not implemented. Microsoft initially announced that .NET Core 3 would include the Visual Basic Runtime, but after two years the timeline for such support was updated to .NET 5.[29][30]

Architecture

.NET supports four cross-platform scenarios: ASP.NET Core web apps; command-line apps; libraries; and Universal Windows Platform apps. Prior to .NET Core 3.0, it did not implement Windows Forms or Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), which render the standard GUI for desktop software on Windows.[31][32] Now, however, .NET Core 3 supports desktop technologies Windows Forms, WPF, and Universal Windows Platform (UWP).[33] It is also possible to write cross-platform graphical applications using .NET with the GTK# language-binding for the GTK widget toolkit.

.NET supports use of NuGet packages. Unlike .NET Framework, which is serviced using Windows Update, .NET relies on its package manager to receive updates.[31][32] Starting in December 2020, however, .NET updates started being delivered via Windows Update as well.[34]

The two main components of .NET are CoreCLR and CoreFX, which are comparable to the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the Framework Class Library (FCL) of the .NET Framework's Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) implementation.[35]

As a CLI implementation of Virtual Execution System (VES), CoreCLR is a complete runtime and virtual machine for managed execution of CLI programs and includes a just-in-time compiler called RyuJIT.[36][lower-alpha 1] also contains CoreRT, the {{Not a typo|.NET Nativ e integrated into AOT compiled native binaries.[38] As a CLI implementation of the foundational Standard Libraries,[39] CoreFX shares a subset of APIs, however, it also comes with its own APIs that are not part of the {{Not a typo|.NET Framework} iant of the .NET library is used for UWP.[40]

The .NET command-line interface offers an execution entry point for operating systems and provides developer services like compilation and package management.[41]

Mascot

dotnet bot, the community mascot for .NET

The official community mascot of .NET is the .NET Bot (stylized as "dotnet bot" or "dotnet-bot"). The dotnet bot served as the placeholder developer for the initial check-in of the .NET source code when it was open-sourced.[42] It has since been used as the official mascot.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The prefix "Ryu" is the Japanese word for "dragon" (竜, ryū), and is a reference to the book Principles, Techniques, and Tools (commonly known as the dragon book, from an early cover design), as well as to a character from the video game Street Fighter.[37]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "core/LICENSE.TXT". https://github.com/dotnet/core/blob/master/LICENSE.TXT. 
  2. ↑ "Download .NET Core". Microsoft. https://www.microsoft.com/net/download/core. 
  3. ↑ ".NET Core is the Future of .NET". https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/net-core-is-the-future-of-net/. 
  4. ↑ ".NET Framework is dead -- long live .NET 5". https://betanews.com/2019/05/07/future-of-dotnet/. 
  5. ↑ de Icaza, Miguel. "Microsoft Open Sources .NET and Mono". http://tirania.org/blog/archive/2014/Nov-12.html. 
  6. ↑ Landwerth, Immo (November 12, 2014). ".NET Core is Open Source". Microsoft. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2014/11/12/net-core-is-open-source/. 
  7. ↑ "dotnet/corefx". GitHub. https://github.com/dotnet/corefx. 
  8. ↑ "Microsoft/referencesource". GitHub. https://github.com/Microsoft/referencesource. 
  9. ↑ Bright, Peter (June 27, 2016). ".NET Core 1.0 released, now officially supported by Red Hat". Condé Nast. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/06/net-core-1-0-released-now-officially-supported-by-red-hat/. 
  10. ↑ Foley, Mary Jo (June 27, 2016). "Microsoft showcases SQL Server, .NET Core on Red Hat Enterprise Linux deliverables". CBS Interactive. http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-showcases-sql-server-net-core-on-red-hat-enterprise-linux-deliverables/. 
  11. ↑ "Announcing .NET Core Tools 1.0 | .NET Blog". Blogs.msdn.microsoft.com. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/03/07/announcing-net-core-tools-1-0/. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Announcing .NET Core 2.0". .NET Blog. Microsoft. August 14, 2017. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-core-2-0/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Announcing .NET Core 2.1". .NET Blog. Microsoft. May 30, 2018. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-core-2-1/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Announcing .NET Core 2.2". .NET Blog. Microsoft. December 4, 2018. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-core-2-2/. 
  15. ↑ ".NET Core is the Future of .NET" (in en-US). May 6, 2019. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/net-core-is-the-future-of-net/. 
  16. ↑ "What's new in .NET Core 3.0" (in en-US). https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/whats-new/dotnet-core-3-0#windows-desktop--com. 
  17. ↑ "Announcing .NET 5.0" (in en-US). November 10, 2020. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-5-0/. 
  18. ↑ ".NET Core official support policy". .NET. Microsoft. https://dotnet.microsoft.com/platform/support/policy/dotnet-core. 
  19. ↑ "Announcing .NET Core 1.0". .NET Blog. Microsoft. June 27, 2016. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-core-1-0/. 
  20. ↑ "Announcing .NET Core 1.1". .NET Blog. Microsoft. November 16, 2016. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-core-1-1/. 
  21. ↑ "Announcing .NET Core 3.0". .NET Blog. Microsoft. September 23, 2019. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-core-3-0/. 
  22. ↑ "Announcing .NET Core 3.1". .NET Blog. Microsoft. December 3, 2019. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-core-3-1/. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "Introducing .NET 5" (in en-US). May 6, 2019. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/introducing-net-5/. 
  24. ↑ "Announcing .NET 6" (in en-US). November 8, 2021. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-6/. 
  25. ↑ "Announcing .NET 6". Microsoft. November 8, 2021. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-6/. 
  26. ↑ "Alpine 3.10.0 released | Alpine Linux". https://alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.10.0-released.html. 
  27. ↑ "dotnet/core" (in en). https://github.com/dotnet/core. 
  28. ↑ "Announcing .NET 5.0". .NET Blog. Microsoft. November 10, 2020. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-net-5-0/. 
  29. ↑ "Visual Basic in .NET Core 3.0 | Visual Basic Blog". Blogs.msdn.microsoft.com. October 12, 2019. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vbteam/2018/11/12/visual-basic-in-net-core-3-0/. 
  30. ↑ "Visual Basic support planned for .NET 5.0 | Visual Basic Blog". Blogs.msdn.microsoft.com. March 11, 2020. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/vbteam/visual-basic-support-planned-for-net-5-0/. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Carter, Phillip; Knezevic, Zlatko (April 2016). ".NET Core - .NET Goes Cross-Platform with .NET Core". Microsoft. https://msdn.microsoft.com/magazine/mt694084. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Schmelzer, Jay (November 18, 2015). ".NET 2015 Overview". Microsoft. 0:07:32. https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Visual-Studio/Connect-event-2015/NET-2015-Overview. 
  33. ↑ Lander, Rich (May 7, 2018). ".NET Core 3 and Support for Windows Desktop Applications". Microsoft. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2018/05/07/net-core-3-and-support-for-windows-desktop-applications/. 
  34. ↑ ".NET Core 2.1, 3.1, and .NET 5.0 updates are coming to Microsoft Update" (in en-US). December 3, 2020. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/net-core-updates-coming-to-microsoft-update/. 
  35. ↑ "Understanding .NET Framework, .NET Core, .NET Standard And Future .NET" (in en). https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/blogs/understanding-net-framework-net-core-and-net-standard-and-future-net. 
  36. ↑ Landwerth, Immo (February 3, 2015). "CoreCLR is now Open Source". Microsoft. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2015/02/03/coreclr-is-now-open-source/. 
  37. ↑ "Why RyuJIT? How was the name chosen?". https://akfd.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/what-is-ryujit/. 
  38. ↑ Ramel, David (August 31, 2020). "Microsoft Survey: Developers Held Back by Lack of 'Native AOT' in .NET Core -" (in en-US). https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2020/08/31/aot-survey.aspx. 
  39. ↑ Landwerth, Immo (December 4, 2014). "Introducing .NET Core". Microsoft. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2014/12/04/introducing-net-core/. 
  40. ↑ "Intro to .NET Native and CoreRT". April 23, 2016. https://github.com/dotnet/corert/blob/master/Documentation/intro-to-corert.md. 
  41. ↑ "Intro to CLI". April 23, 2016. https://github.com/dotnet/cli/blob/rel/1.0.0/Documentation/intro-to-cli.md. 
  42. ↑ Wang, Abel (September 9, 2020). What is the dotnet bot? (Podcast). Microsoft. Event occurs at 4 seconds in. Retrieved March 9, 2021.

Further reading

  • Adopting .NET 5: Understand modern architectures, migration best practices, and the new features in .NET 5. Packt Publishing. 2020. ISBN 978-1800560567. 
  • .NET Core in Action. Manning Publications. 2018. ISBN 978-1617294273. 
  • C# 9 and .NET 5 – Modern Cross-Platform Development. Packt Publishing. 2020. ISBN 978-1800568105. 
  • C# 8.0 and .NET Core 3.0 – Modern Cross-Platform Development. Packt Publishing. 2019. ISBN 978-1788478120. 
  • C# 7.1 and .NET Core 2.0 – Modern Cross-Platform Development. Packt Publishing. 2017. ISBN 978-1788398077. 
  • C# 7 and .NET Core: Modern Cross-Platform Development. Packt Publishing. 2017. ISBN 978-1787129559. 
  • C# 6 and .NET Core 1.0: Modern Cross-Platform Development. Packt Publishing. 2016. ISBN 978-1785285691. 
  • Hands-On Domain-Driven Design with .NET Core. Packt Publishing. 2019. ISBN 978-1788834094. 

External links



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