Software:GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library
Developer(s) | GNU Project |
---|---|
Initial release | 1991[1] |
Stable release | 6.2.1 (14 November 2020[2]) [±] |
Repository | gmplib |
Written in | C, (C++, assembly optionally) |
Type | Mathematical software |
License | Dual LGPLv3 and GPLv2[3] |
Website | gmplib |
GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) is a free library for arbitrary-precision arithmetic, operating on signed integers, rational numbers, and floating-point numbers.[3] There are no practical limits to the precision except the ones implied by the available memory (operands may be of up to 232−1 bits on 32-bit machines and 237 bits on 64-bit machines).[4][5] GMP has a rich set of functions, and the functions have a regular interface. The basic interface is for C, but wrappers exist for other languages, including Ada, C++, C#, Julia, .NET, OCaml, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Ruby, and Rust. Prior to 2008, Kaffe, a Java virtual machine, used GMP to support Java built-in arbitrary precision arithmetic.[6] Shortly after, GMP support was added to GNU Classpath.[7]
The main target applications of GMP are cryptography applications and research, Internet security applications, and computer algebra systems.
GMP aims to be faster than any other bignum library for all operand sizes. Some important factors in doing this are:
- Full words are the basic type for all arithmatic.
- Different algorithms are used for different operand sizes; algorithms which are more efficient with large numbers are not used when dealing with small numbers.
- Assembly (specialized for different processors) are used in the most common inner loops to optimize them as much as possible.
The first GMP release was made in 1991. It is constantly developed and maintained.[8]
GMP is part of the GNU project (although its website being off gnu.org may cause confusion), and is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
GMP is used for integer arithmetic in many computer algebra systems such as Mathematica[9] and Maple.[10] It is also used in the Computational Geometry Algorithms Library (CGAL).
GMP is needed to build the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).[11]
Examples
Here is an example of C code showing the use of the GMP library to multiply and print large numbers:
#include <stdio.h> #include <gmp.h> int main(void) { mpz_t x, y, result; mpz_init_set_str(x, "7612058254738945", 10); mpz_init_set_str(y, "9263591128439081", 10); mpz_init(result); mpz_mul(result, x, y); gmp_printf(" %Zd\n" "*\n" " %Zd\n" "--------------------\n" "%Zd\n", x, y, result); /* free used memory */ mpz_clear(x); mpz_clear(y); mpz_clear(result); return 0; }
This code calculates the value of 7612058254738945 × 9263591128439081.
Compiling and running this program gives this result. (The -lgmp
flag is used if compiling on Unix-type systems.)
7612058254738945 9263591128439081 -------------------- 70514995317761165008628990709545
For comparison, one can write instead the following equivalent C++ program. (The -lgmpxx -lgmp
flags are used if compiling on Unix-type systems.)
#include <iostream> #include <gmpxx.h> int main() { mpz_class x("7612058254738945"); mpz_class y("9263591128439081"); std::cout << " " << x << "\n" << "*\n" << " " << y << "\n" << "--------------------\n" << x * y << "\n"; return 0; }
Language bindings
Library name | Language | License |
---|---|---|
GNU Multi-Precision Library | C, C++ | LGPL |
Math::GMP | Perl | LGPL |
Math::GMPz, Math::GMPf and Math::GMPq | Perl | Artistic License v1.0 + GPL v1.0-or-later |
General Multiprecision Python Project | Python | LGPL |
R package 'gmp' | R | GPL |
The RubyGems project | Ruby | Apache 2.0 |
Rust FFI bindings for GMP, MPFR and MPC | Rust | LGPL |
GNU Multi-Precision Library for PHP | PHP | PHP |
GNU Multi-Precision Routines for SBCL | Common Lisp | Public Domain |
Ch GMP | Ch | Proprietary |
Parallel GMP Wrapper for BMDFM | BMDFM LISP / C | Public Domain |
Glasgow Haskell Compiler (The implementation of Integer is basically a binding to GMP) |
Haskell | BSD |
luajit-gmp | LuaJIT | MIT |
gmp-wrapper-for-delphi | Delphi | MIT |
Zarith | OCaml | LGPL |
Math.Gmp.Native Library | .NET | MIT |
nim-gmp | Nim | MIT |
JGMP | Java | LGPL |
See also
- GNU MPFR – a library for arbitrary-precision computations with correct rounding, based on GNU MP
- CLN – a class library for arbitrary precision
- MPIR – a fork of GMP, not maintained any more
References
- ↑ "GNU MP archive". https://gmplib.org/download/gmp/archive/.
- ↑ V6.2.1 - "The GNU MP Bignum Library". https://gmplib.org/.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "What is GMP?". https://gmplib.org/#WHAT.
- ↑ Granlund, Torbjorn (2009-07-06). "Problems with mpz_set_str and huge strings". https://gmplib.org/list-archives/gmp-bugs/2009-July/001538.html.
- ↑ "GMP 6.0 News". https://gmplib.org/gmp6.0.html.
- ↑ Hughes, Andrew John (2008-02-28). "Removed GMP math?". http://www.kaffe.org/pipermail/kaffe/2008-February/191039.html.
- ↑ "GNU Classpath 0.98 "Better Late Than Never"". 2009-02-05. https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/announce/20090205.html.
- ↑ "GNU MP Bignum Library". https://gmplib.org/.
- ↑ "The Mathematica Kernel: Issues in the Design and Implementation". October 2006. https://library.wolfram.com/infocenter/Conferences/7518/Macalester_talk.txt.
- ↑ "The GNU Multiple Precision (GMP) Library". Maplesoft. https://www.maplesoft.com/support/help/AddOns/view.aspx?path=GMP.
- ↑ GCC uses the GNU MPFR library, which in turn relies on GMP. "GCC 4.3 Release Series: Changes, New Features, and Fixes". 2012-11-02. https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.3/changes.html#mpfropts.
External links
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library.
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