Unsolved:27 Club

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Short description: Musicians and artists who died at age 27
27 Club street mural in Tel Aviv by John Kiss, depicting several well-known members of the club. Left to right: Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse.[1]

The 27 Club is an informal list consisting mostly of popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27.[2][3][4][5][6] Although the claim of a "statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been refuted by scientific research, it remains a cultural phenomenon, with many celebrities who die at 27 noted for their high-risk lifestyles.

Cultural phenomenon

Beginning with the deaths of several 27-year-old popular musicians between 1969 and 1971 (such as Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison), dying at the age of 27 came to be, and remains, a perennial subject of popular culture, celebrity journalism, and entertainment industry lore.[2][3] This cultural phenomenon, which came to be known as the "27 Club," attributes special significance to popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27, often as a result of drug and alcohol abuse or violent means such as homicide, suicide, or transportation-related accidents.[7] The cultural phenomenon gave rise to an urban myth that celebrity deaths are more common at 27, a claim that has been refuted by statistical research as discussed in the § Scientific studies section below.[8][5]

History

Jim Morrison, lead singer of the rock band the Doors and among the first people associated with the 27 Club

Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison all died at the age of 27 between 1969 and 1971. At the time, the coincidence gave rise to some comment,[9][10] but, according to Hendrix and Kurt Cobain's biographer, Charles R. Cross, "It wasn't until Kurt Cobain took his own life in 1994 that the idea of the 27 Club arrived in the popular zeitgeist."[11] Cross claims that the "launch of the Club concept" can be traced to the growing influence of the internet and sensational celebrity journalism on popular culture in the years following Cobain's death, as well as media interpretations of a statement by Cobain's mother, Wendy Fradenburg Cobain O'Connor, quoted in the local Aberdeen, Washington, newspaper The Daily World, and subsequently carried worldwide by the Associated Press: "Now he's gone and joined that stupid club. I told him not to join that stupid club."[12]

R. Gary Patterson, chronicler of rock music urban myth, agreed with the interpretations of Cross and some contemporary journalists that Cobain's mother was referring to Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison.[13][14][15] Others linked her quote to then-recent heroin-related deaths of fellow young Seattle rock musicians, such as Stefanie Sargent of 7 Year Bitch and Andrew Wood of Mother Love Bone.[16] On the other hand, Eric Segalstad, author of The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll, claimed that she was referring to the death of Cobain's two uncles and his great-uncle, all of whom had committed suicide.[17] Cross, himself, dismissed "the absurd notion that Kurt Cobain intentionally timed his death so he could join the 27 Club," noting that Cobain "had nearly died from drug overdoses on at least two dozen occasions in the year before his death... [and] made several previous suicide attempts at various ages.[11]

In 2011, seventeen years after Cobain's death, Amy Winehouse died at the age of 27, prompting a renewed swell of media attention devoted to the 27 Club.[18] Three years earlier, Winehouse's personal assistant, Alex Haines, told the British press that Winehouse, then 25, feared she would join Jim Morrison, Brian Jones, and Kurt Cobain in dying at 27: "She reckoned she would join the 27 Club of rock stars who died at that age. She told me, 'I have a feeling I'm gonna die young'."[19]

Scientific studies

Despite the cultural significance given to musician and celebrity deaths at age 27, the common claim that they are statistically more common at this age is an urban myth, refuted by scientific research.[2][3][4][5]

A study by university academics published in the British Medical Journal in December 2011 concluded that there was no increase in the risk of death for musicians at the age of 27, stating that there were equally small increases at ages 25 and 32. The study noted that young adult musicians have a higher death rate than the general young adult population, surmising that "fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27".[8]

A 2014 article at The Conversation suggested that statistical evidence shows popular musicians are most likely to die at the age of 56 (2.2% compared to 1.3% at 27).[5]

In popular culture

The 27 Club frequently appears by name and reference in popular culture and mass media. Several exhibitions have been devoted to the idea, as well as novels, films, stage plays, songs, video games, and comics.[20][21][6][22]

Music

  • The name of the song "27" by Fall Out Boy from their 2008 album Folie à Deux is a reference to the club. The lyrics explore the hedonistic lifestyles common in rock and roll. Pete Wentz, the primary lyricist of Fall Out Boy, wrote the song because he felt that he was living a similarly dangerous lifestyle.[23]
  • John Craigie's song "28", which appeared on his 2009 album Montana Tale, and 2018 live album Opening for Steinbeck, is written from the perspective of 27 Club members Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain, as each contemplates their respective mortality and imagines what they would do differently "if I could only make it to twenty eight."[24][25] Craigie wrote the song when he himself was age 27.[26]
  • The theme is referenced in the song "27 Forever" by Eric Burdon, on his 2013 album 'Til Your River Runs Dry.[27]
  • The band Letlive featured a song named "27 Club" on its 2013 album The Blackest Beautiful.[28]
  • Magenta's 2013 studio album The Twenty Seven Club directly references the club. Each track is a tribute to a member of the club.[29]
  • Daughtry's song "Long Live Rock & Roll" from their 2013 album Baptized references the club with the lyrics "they're forever 27 – Jimmy, Janis, Brian Jones".[30]
  • Rapper Watsky references the club on his 2014 song "All You Can Do" with the lyric, "I tried to join the 27 Club; they kicked me out."[31] The song then goes on to reference some famous members of the club, namely Amy Winehouse, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, Jim Morrison, and Brian Jones.
  • Mac Miller's 2015 song "Brand Name" contains the lyric "To everyone who sell me drugs: Don't mix it with that bullshit; I'm hoping not to join the 27 Club".[32][user-generated source] Miller died aged 26, after consuming counterfeit oxycodone pills that contained fentanyl.[33]
  • The song "27 Club" by Ivy Levan, released as a promotional single for her 2015 album No Good, refers to the club.[34]
  • Halsey's song "Colors," from her 2015 debut album, Badlands, includes the line "I hope you make it to the day you're 28 years old."[35]
  • JPEGMafia's 2016 album Black Ben Carson includes a song titled "The 27 Club", which the song refers to the infamous club. He explicitly references fallen members Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain.[36]
  • Frank Ocean's 2016 song "Nights" features the lyric "No white lighters 'til I fuck my 28th up", referencing the white lighter myth associated with many members of the 27 club.[37]
  • Adore Delano released a song called "27 Club" on her 2017 studio album Whatever, with the repeated lyric "All of the legends die at twenty seven." Delano was aged 27 at the time of release.[38]
  • In 2017, the MonaLisa Twins released "Club 27", a song on their album "Orange", about the 27 Club.[39]
  • Juice Wrld referenced the club on his 2018 song "Legends", where he says "What's the 27 Club? We ain't making it past 21." The song was dedicated to XXXTentacion, who was killed at 20, and Lil Peep, who died from an overdose at 21. Coincidentally, Juice Wrld himself died at the age of 21 from an accidental overdose less than a year later.[40]
  • The Pretty Reckless released a song titled "Rock and Roll Heaven" on their 2021 studio album Death by Rock and Roll. The song is about the club and mentions explicitly in the lyrics Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and Jim Morrison. Frontwoman Taylor Momsen wrote the song after falling into a depressive state from the deaths of her producer Kato Khandwala and Chris Cornell, the latter of whom her band had opened for the night before his death.[41]
  • The Blind Channel song "Dark Side", the Finnish entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2021, includes the lyrics "Like the 27 Club, headshot, we don't wanna grow up".[42]

Video games

  • In the 2016 video game Hitman, one of the in-game missions, Club 27, involves killing an indie musician who is celebrating his 27th birthday.[43]

Comics

  • A central plot device in the manga Shiori Experience, first published in 2013 by Yuko Osada, is a demonic ritual by which a person can make contact with the spirit of a musician from the 27 Club. In exchange, they must become a legend of similar caliber by their 28th birthday to avoid death. The series features characters haunted by members of the club, including Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, and Janis Joplin.
  • Cartoonist Luke McGarry created The 27 Club comic series for MAD Magazine, debuting in 2018.[44] The comics featured Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Brian Jones, Robert Johnson, Amy Winehouse, Jim Morrison, and Kurt Cobain as paranormal pop stars descending from Rock & Roll Heaven to save the planet with the aid of mortal medium Keith Richards.

Identified members

Because the 27 Club is entirely notional, there is no official membership. The table below lists individuals explicitly described as "members" of the 27 Club by journalists and writers in various books and publications.

Some deaths linked to the 27 Club pre-date its emergence as a cultural phenomenon. Blues musician Robert Johnson, who died in 1938, is one of the earliest popular musicians included by various sources.[45][46]

Despite the club's original association with the deaths of popular musicians, later sources began to link actors, artists, athletes, and other celebrities to the 27 Club. Rolling Stone included television actor Jonathan Brandis, who committed suicide in 2003, in a list of 27 Club members.[46] Anton Yelchin, who had played in a punk rock band but was primarily known as a film actor, was also described as a member of the club upon his death in 2016.[47] Likewise, Jean-Michel Basquiat has been linked to the club despite being known primarily as a painter, with his music career being relatively brief and obscure.[48]

Purported 27 Club members
Name Date of birth Date of death Cause of death Fame Age Sources
Alexandre Levy 1864 1892 Not recorded Composer, pianist and conductor 27 years, 68 days [49]
Louis Chauvin 1881 1908 Neurosyphilitic sclerosis Ragtime musician 27 years, 13 days [49]
Rupert Brooke 1887 1915 Sepsis Poet 27 years, 263 days [50]
Robert Johnson 1911 1938 Unknown Blues singer and musician 27 years, 100 days [49][45]
Ghazi of Iraq 1912 1939 Traffic accident, probable murder. King of Iraq 1933-1939 27 years, 14 days [51]
Nat Jaffe 1918 1945 Complications from high blood pressure Swing jazz pianist 27 years, 216 days [49]
Jesse Belvin 1932 1960 Car crash, suspected foul play R&B singer, pianist and songwriter 27 years, 53 days [49][52]
Rudy Lewis 1936 1964 Drug overdose Vocalist of the Drifters 27 years, 271 days [53]
Henderson, Joe Joe Henderson


1937 1964 Heart attack R&B and gospel singer 27 years, 183 days [54]
Malcolm Hale 1941 1968 Carbon monoxide poisoning Original member and lead guitarist of Spanky and Our Gang 27 years, 166 days [49]
Dickie Pride 1941 1969 Drug overdose Rock and roll singer 27 years, 156 days [55]
Brian Jones 1942 1969 Drowning Rolling Stones founder, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist 27 years, 125 days [49][56][57][58]
Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson 1943 1970 Drug overdose Leader, singer and primary composer of Canned Heat 27 years, 61 days [49]
Jimi Hendrix 1942 1970 Asphyxia due to drug use Pioneering electric guitarist, singer and songwriter of the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Band of Gypsys 27 years, 295 days [49][59]
Janis Joplin 1943 1970 Drug overdose Lead vocalist and songwriter of Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Kozmic Blues Band and Full Tilt Boogie Band 27 years, 258 days
Christian, Arlester Arlester "Dyke" Christian


1943 1971 Murder Frontman, vocalist and bassist of Dyke and the Blazers 27 years, 273 days [49]
Jim Morrison 1943 1971 Heart failure Singer, lyricist, and leader of the Doors 27 years, 207 days [49][60]
Leslie Harvey 1944 1972 Electrocution Guitarist in several Scottish bands, most notably Stone the Crows. 27 years, 232 days [49][61]
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan 1945 1973 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Founding member, keyboardist and singer of the Grateful Dead 27 years, 181 days [49]
Durham, Roger Lee Roger Lee Durham


1946 1973 Horseriding accident Singer and percussionist of Bloodstone 27 years, 163 days [49]
Pamela Courson 1946 1974 Drug overdose Long-term companion of Jim Morrison and heir to his estate 27 years, 124 days [46][62][63]
Yohn, Wallace Wallace "Wally" Yohn


1947 1974 Plane crash Organ player of Chase 27 years, 212 days [49]
Dave Alexander 1947 1975 Pulmonary edema Bassist of the Stooges 27 years, 252 days [49]
Pete Ham 1947 1975 Suicide Singer, songwriter, keyboardist and guitarist, leader of Badfinger 27 years, 362 days [49]
Gary Thain 1948 1975 Drug overdose Former bassist of Uriah Heep and the Keef Hartley Band 27 years, 205 days [49]
Cecilia 1948 1976 Car accident Singer-songwriter 27 years, 296 days [64][65]
Helmut Köllen 1950 1977 Carbon monoxide poisoning Bassist of 1970s prog rock band Triumvirat 27 years, 62 days [49]
André Paiement June 28, 1950 January 23, 1978 Suicide Playwright and musician, member of progressive rock band CANO 27 years, 209 days [66][67]
Chris Bell 1951 1978 Car accident Singer-songwriter and guitarist of power pop band Big Star and solo 27 years, 349 days [49]
De Fleur, Zenon Zenon De Fleur


1951 1979 Car accident Guitarist of the Count Bishops 27 years, 189 days [54][68]
D. Boon 1958 1985 Car accident Guitarist, lead singer of punk band Minutemen 27 years, 266 days [49]
Alexander Bashlachev 1960 1988 Defenestration, possible suicide Poet, rock musician and songwriter 27 years, 266 days [64]
Amar Singh Chamkila 1960 1988 Murder Singer, songwriter, musician, and composer 27 years, 231 days [69]
Jean-Michel Basquiat 1960 1988 Drug overdose Painter and graffiti artist; formed the band Gray 27 years, 234 days [53]
Pete de Freitas 1961 1989 Motorcycle accident Drummer of Echo & the Bunnymen 27 years, 316 days [49]
Finbarr Donnelly 1962 1989 Drowning Singer of Five Go Down to the Sea? 27 years, 50 days [70]
Chris Austin 1964 1991 Plane crash Country singer and guitarist/fiddle player for Reba McEntire 27 years, 20 days [71]
Voev, Dimitar Dimitar Voev


1965 1992 Cancer Poet, founder of the Bulgarian new wave band New Generation 27 years, 107 days [72]
Mia Zapata 1965 1993 Murder Lead singer of the Gits 27 years, 316 days [49]
Kurt Cobain 1967 1994 c. Suicide Founding member, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter of Nirvana 27 years, 44 days c. [49][73][74]
Kristen Pfaff 1967 1994 Drug overdose Bass guitarist of Hole and Janitor Joe 27 years, 21 days [49]
Andrés Escobar 1967 1994 Murder Footballer 27 years, 111 days [75][76][77]
Richey Edwards 1967 1995 Disappeared; later declared legally dead Lyricist and guitarist of Manic Street Preachers 27 years, 41 days [49]
Stretch 1968 1995 Murder Rapper 27 years, 236 days [78]
Fat Pat 1970 1998 Murder American rapper and member of Screwed Up Click 27 years, 61 days [49]
Freaky Tah 1971 1999 Murder American rapper and member of the hip-hop group Lost Boyz 27 years, 318 days [49]
Kami 1972 1999 Subarachnoid hemorrhage Drummer of Malice Mizer 27 years, 140 days [79]
McCabe, Sean Sean Patrick McCabe


1972 2000 Asphyxia Lead singer of Ink & Dagger 27 years, 289 days [49]
Rodrigo Bueno 1973 2000 Car accident Cuarteto singer 27 years, 31 days [64]
Serrano Serrano, María María Serrano Serrano


1973 2001 Plane crash Singer of Passion Fruit 27 years, 363 days [49]
Thuy Trang {{{2}}}


1973 2001 Car crash Vietnamese-American actress, known for her role as Trini Kwan on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers 27 years, 263 days [80]
Rico Yan 1975 2002 Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis Filipino actor 27 years, 15 days [49]
Jeremy Ward 1976 2003 Drug overdose The Mars Volta and De Facto sound manipulator 27 years, 20 days [49]
Jonathan Brandis 1976 2003 Suicide American actor 27 years, 213 days [46]
Andrea Absolonová 1976 2004 Glioblastoma Porn actress 27 years, 349 days [51]
Ottoson, Bryan Bryan Ottoson


1978 2005 Drug overdose Guitarist of American Head Charge 27 years, 32 days [49]
Valentín Elizalde 1979 2006 Murder Mexican banda singer 27 years, 297 days [49]
Morris, Damien "Damo" Damien "Damo" Morris


1980 2007 Bus accident Member of Australian deathcore band the Red Shore 27 years, 211 days [81]
Grinstead, Orish Orish Grinstead


1980 2008 Kidney failure Founding member of the R&B group 702 27 years, 323 days [82]
Jade Goody 1981 2009 Cervical cancer Reality-television personality 27 years, 290 days [47][83]
Dash Snow 1981 2009 Drug overdose Artist 27 years, 351 days [84][85]
Amy Winehouse 1983 2011 Alcohol poisoning Singer-songwriter 27 years, 312 days [56][73][86][87]
Turner, Richard Richard Turner


1984 2011 Heart attack Trumpet player, collaborator with Friendly Fires 27 years, 12 days [88]
Sahara Davenport 1984 2012 Heart failure Drag queen 27 years, 289 days [89]
Christian Benítez 1986 2013 Respiratory failure Footballer 27 years, 89 days [90]
Lowe, Thomas Tomas Lowe


May 1988 2016 Car accident bassist of Viola Beach 27 years, 9 months [91]
Fekete, Thomas Thomas Fekete


1988 2016 Cancer Guitarist of Surfer Blood 27 years, 335 days [92]
Anton Yelchin 1989 2016 Car accident Actor, Chekov in the Star Trek reboot series 27 years, 100 days [47][93]
Shot 1989 2017 Diabetes Russian rapper 27 years, 294 days [94]
Kim Jong-hyun 1990 2017 Suicide Vocalist and lyricist of Shinee 27 years, 254 days [95][96]
Fredo Santana 1990 2018 Idiopathic epilepsy American rapper 27 years, 199 days [97][98]
Tyler Skaggs 1991 2019 Asphyxia due to drug use American professional baseball starting pitcher 27 years, 353 days [86]
Benjamin Keough 1992 2020 Suicide Elvis Presley's grandson, son of Lisa Marie Presley and brother of Riley Keough 27 years, 265 days [86]
Killa, Murda Murda Killa (ru)


1993 2020 Asthma attack provoked by the use of alcohol and antidepressants Russian rapper 27 years, 127 days [99]
Yoo, Ju-eun Yoo Ju-eun (ko)


1995 2022 Suicide Korean actress 27 years, 118 days [100]
Walkie 1995 2022 Suicide Russian battle rapper 27 years, 129 days [101]
Trappa, Yung Yung Trappa (ru)


1995 2023 Overdose Russian rapper 27 years, 172 days [102]
Figueroa, Julián Julián Figueroa (es)


1995 2023 Myocardial infarction and Ventricular fibrillation Singer, actor, and composer 27 years, 310 days [103][104]
MohBad 1996 2023 Undetermined Nigerian rapper 27 years, 252 days [105]

See also

Bibliography

  • Howell, Michael; Ford, Peter (1992), The True History of the Elephant Man (3rd ed.), London: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-016515-0 

References

  1. ↑ Peterson, Sydney (March 8, 2017), 12 Must-See Works Of Israeli Street Art, Forward Magazine, https://forward.com/slideshow/365364/12-must-see-works-of-israeli-street-art/#slide-9, retrieved October 1, 2017 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 McKinney, Kelsey. "Despite the huge myth, musicians don't die at 27 — they die at 56". https://www.vox.com/2015/3/23/8277271/27-club-real-myth. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Butler, Jack (July 7, 2021). "The Myth of the 27 Club". https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/07/the-myth-of-the-27-club/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mick, McStarkey (October 4, 2021). "Debunking the central myths of the '27 Club'". https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/debunking-the-myths-of-the-27-club/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kenny, Dianna Theodora (November 18, 2014). "The 27 Club is a myth: 56 is the bum note for musicians", The Conversation. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Segalstad, Eric (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. Samadhi Creations, LLC. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. https://archive.org/details/27sgreatestmytho0000sega. 
  7. ↑ Weiss, David. "Amy Winehouse & The 27 Club". Life Goes Strong. http://play.lifegoesstrong.com/amy-winehouse-27-club. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Christmas 2011: Death's Dominion Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? A retrospective cohort study". The BMJ 343: d7799. December 20, 2011. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7799. PMID 22187325. 
  9. ↑ Roberts, Nesta (September 10, 1971). "Flower Bower". The Guardian (UK): p. 13. 
  10. ↑ Riordan, James; Prochnicky, Jerry (1992). Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison. It Books. pp. 416, 467. ISBN 978-0-688-11915-7. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Charles R. Cross (February 22, 2007). "P-I's Writer in Residence Charles R. Cross explores the darker side of 'only the good die young'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/writers/304767_writer23.html. 
  12. ↑ Charles R. Cross (2002). Heavier Than Heaven: A Biography of Kurt Cobain (2nd ed.). Hyperion. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-7868-8402-5. 
  13. ↑ R. Gary Patterson. Take a Walk on the Dark Side: Rock and Roll Myths, Legends, and Curses. p. 259. 
  14. ↑ Dee Norton; Peyton Whitely; Dave Birkland; Barbara Serrano (8 April 1994). "Nirvana's Cobain Dead -- Suicide Note, Shotgun Near Body Of Musician At His Seattle Home -- Mother: 'Now He's Gone And Joined That Stupid Club'". The Seattle Times. https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19940408&slug=1904521. 
  15. ↑ Egan, Timothy (9 April 1994). "Kurt Cobain, Hesitant Poet Of 'Grunge Rock,' Dead at 27". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/09/obituaries/kurt-cobain-hesitant-poet-of-grunge-rock-dead-at-27.html. 
  16. ↑ Harrington, Lei (9 April 1994). "Nirvana Singer Found Dead". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/04/09/nirvana-singer-found-dead/d960b58a-c6a4-4270-9ea0-bb3ccc1fda34/. 
  17. ↑ Josh Hunter; Eric Segalstad (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. Berkeley Lake: Samadhi Creations. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. https://archive.org/details/27sgreatestmytho0000sega. Retrieved September 20, 2010. 
  18. ↑ "Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain and the 27 Club". The Washington Post. July 24, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/amy-winehouse-jimi-hendrix-kurt-cobain-and-the-27-club/2011/07/23/gIQAiLAhVI_blog.html. 
  19. ↑ "The Inquisitr: Stating the Obvious, Amy Winehouse". Inquisitr.com. December 28, 2008. http://www.inquisitr.com/13488/stating-the-obvious-amy-winehouse-fears-early-death/. 
  20. ↑ Sounes (2013).
  21. ↑ Owen, Michael (February 2012). The 27 Club: Why Age 27 Is Important. Kahurangi Press. ISBN 978-0-473-20684-0. 
  22. ↑ The Curse of 27: They Have Three Things in Common. Talent, Fame... and a Tragic Death at the Age of 27. the 27 Club. Forever 27. Pillar Box Red Publishing Limited. August 2011. ISBN 978-1-907823-22-0. 
  23. ↑ Chick, Stevie (October 23, 2008). "Chemical brothers". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/oct/24/falloutboy-popandrock. 
  24. ↑ "What is the Rock and Roll 27 Club?". December 13, 2017. https://mentalitch.com/what-is-the-rock-and-roll-27-club/. 
  25. ↑ "Fringe Review: 'The 27 Club' at Warehouse". July 15, 2014. https://mdtheatreguide.com/2014/07/fringe-review-the-27-club-at-warehouse/. 
  26. ↑ John Craigie – Live on KEXP Seattle (At Avast! Recording Co, recorded November 29, 2018, uploaded to YouTube on Mar 19, 2019)
  27. ↑ "Eric Burdon Speaks His Mind on New LP". Rolling Stone. February 5, 2013. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/eric-burdon-speaks-his-mind-on-new-lp-20130205. Retrieved July 24, 2014. 
  28. ↑ "The Blackest Beautiful". https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/57849/Letlive.-The-Blackest-Beautiful/. 
  29. ↑ Menshikov, Vitaly (November 21, 2013). "Review: The Twenty Seven Club". http://www.progressor.net/review/magenta_2013.html. 
  30. ↑ "Daughtry – Long Live Rock & Roll" (in en). https://genius.com/Daughtry-long-live-rock-and-roll-lyrics. 
  31. ↑ "Watsky (Ft. Jimetta Rose) – All You Can Do" (in en). https://genius.com/Watsky-all-you-can-do-lyrics. 
  32. ↑ "Mac Miller – Brand Name" (in en). https://genius.com/Mac-miller-brand-name-lyrics. 
  33. ↑ Murphy, Heather (September 4, 2019). "Man Faces Drug Charge in Mac Miller's Death". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/04/us/mac-miller-death-arrest.html. 
  34. ↑ "No Good By Ivy Levan | High Voltage Magazine". http://iamhighvoltage.com/2015/08/12/no-good-by-ivy-levan/. 
  35. ↑ Davis, Elizabeth (May 4, 2021). "The joy we take in watching colours fade: Our fascination with Kurt Cobain and The 27 Club". http://theglitterandgold.com.au/kurt-cobain-and-the-27-club/. 
  36. ↑ "A conversation with JPEGMAFIA, the MC who raps like the internet feels". March 28, 2019. https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43835/1/jpegmafia-veteran-2019-interview. 
  37. ↑ "Frank Ocean – Nights", Genius, https://genius.com/Frank-ocean-nights-lyrics, retrieved 2023-03-08 
  38. ↑ "Adore Delano Talks New Punk Album 'Whatever', the '27 Club' & Being Nonbinary: 'Gender Isn't a Real Thing'". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/pride/7934257/adore-delano-new-album-whatever-nonbinary-gender-interview. Retrieved July 17, 2018. 
  39. ↑ "Club 27 – Lyrics". https://monalisa-twins.com/lyrics_club_27_monalisa_twins/. 
  40. ↑ Mamo, Heran (December 19, 2019). "Here Are the Lyrics to Juice WRLD's 'Legends'". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lyrics/8546749/juice-wrld-legends-lyrics. Retrieved March 13, 2020. 
  41. ↑ Ruskell, Nick (January 27, 2021). "Life After Death: How Taylor Momsen survived her downward spiral". https://www.kerrang.com/features/life-after-death-how-taylor-momsen-survived-her-downward-spiral/. 
  42. ↑ ""If life is darker and harsher, you can still have fun" -- Blind Channel's "Dark Side" lyrics shirk a grim reality in favour of anarchy" (in en-US). February 18, 2021. https://wiwibloggs.com/2021/02/18/lyrics-dark-side-blind-channel-finland-eurovision-2021/261976/. 
  43. ↑ "We Help a Rock Star Join Club 27 in Hitman's Bangkok Level" (in en). https://www.outsidexbox.com/articles/2016-08-24-we-help-a-rock-star-join-club-27-in-hitmans-bangkok-level. 
  44. ↑ "SNEAK PEEK: THE 27 CLUB" (in en). April 27, 2018. https://www.madmagazine.com/blog/2018/04/27/sneak-peek-the-27-club. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Sullivan, James (May 27, 2011). "Robert Johnson Founds the '27 Club' With Devil Pact – Twisted Tales". Spinner. http://www.spinner.com/2011/05/27/robert-johnson-crossroads/. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 "The 27 Club: A Brief History". Rolling Stone. December 8, 2019. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/the-27-club-a-brief-history-17853/. Retrieved 30 June 2022. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 "The curse of the '27 Club' strikes again after Star Trek actor Anton Yelchin dies", BBC, February 19, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  48. ↑ O'Connor, Rob (July 23, 2011). "Twenty-Seven Members of the 27 Club". Yahoo Music. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/listoftheday/141497/twenty-seven-members-of-the-27-club/. 
  49. ↑ 49.00 49.01 49.02 49.03 49.04 49.05 49.06 49.07 49.08 49.09 49.10 49.11 49.12 49.13 49.14 49.15 49.16 49.17 49.18 49.19 49.20 49.21 49.22 49.23 49.24 49.25 49.26 49.27 49.28 49.29 49.30 49.31 49.32 49.33 "The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll". The27s.com. http://the27club.the27s.com/Forever27.html. 
  50. ↑ Bell, Virginia (November 17, 2011). "Dear Lindsay, Please Don't Join the 27 Club". Huffington Post. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dear-lindsay-please-dont_b_540905. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Parra, Eduardo (1 March 2023). "Muertos a los 27: Las 30 celebridades integrantes del fatídico Club de los 27" (in es). Cinconoticias. https://www.cinconoticias.com/muertos-a-los-27-celebridades-club-de-los-27/. 
  52. ↑ Segalstad, Eric; Hunter, Josh (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. United Kingdom: Samadhi Creations. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=EEF0zQEACAAJ. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Thom Geier (February 20, 2020). "27 Club: Stars Who Died at Age 27, From Jimi Hendrix to Kurt Cobain". TheWrap. https://www.thewrap.com/27-club-stars-died-age-kurt-cobain-jimi-hendrix-amy-winehouse/. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Sounes (2013), p. 304.
  55. ↑ "British Musician Dickie Pride, a.k.a. Richard Charles Kneller, Dead at 27" , Forever 27. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Clements, Paul (July 24, 2011). "Amy Winehouse joins the 'Forever 27' club". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8657314/Amy-Winehouse-joins-the-Forever-27-club.html. 
  57. ↑ Anthony Bruno (July 10, 1969). "All about Brian Jones". http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/brian_jones/. 
  58. ↑ "Jones Drowned While 'Drunk and Drugged'". The Guardian. July 8, 1969. https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/jul/08/archive-brian-jones-death-1969. 
  59. ↑ Brown, Tony (1997). "The Doctor's Story", Jimi Hendrix: The Final Days. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  60. ↑ Walt, Vivienne (July 19, 2007). "Postcard: Paris". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1645167,00.html. Retrieved April 23, 2010. 
  61. ↑ Tobler, John (1992). NME's Rock 'n' Roll Years, 1992. London: Hamlyn. p. 238. ISBN 0-600-57602-7. 
  62. ↑ "Musicians in the '27 Club'". Hearst. July 23, 2011. https://www.chron.com/culture/main/slideshow/Musicians-in-the-27-Club-30267.php. 
  63. ↑ "15 Members of the "Forever 27 Club"". Verbicide. May 23, 2014. https://www.verbicidemagazine.com/2014/05/23/15-members-of-the-forever-27-club-premature-deaths-of-young-rock-stars/2/. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Saunders, Christian (January 2012). "The Forever 27 Club". Fortean Times. http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/6250/the_forever_27_club.html. 
  65. ↑ "El coche nos los arrebató" (in es). Con Plomo. http://blogs.km77.com/conplomo/314/el-coche-nos-los-arrebato-i/. 
  66. ↑ "Wayback Machine". https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035024/http://www.canomusique.ca/cano/assets/pdf/BioChronologique.pdf. 
  67. ↑ "From the ashes of tragedy CANO goes international | Maclean's | SEPTEMBER 25, 1978". 2022-02-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20220218235426/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1978/9/25/from-the-ashes-of-tragedy-cano-goes-international. 
  68. ↑ Simmonds, Jeremy (2012). The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches, second edition, Chicago Review Press, pp. 121–122.
  69. ↑ Khan, Murtaza Ali. "In search of Chamkila", The Hindu, January 25, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  70. ↑ O'Driscoll, Des. "Recalling the great nights of Cork's Arcadia". Irish Examiner, June 13, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  71. ↑ "The Curse of 27", Angelfire. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  72. ↑ "Show Dimitar Voev its pig! "Voev is the Bulgarian representative in mythologizing "Club 27""". TEMADaily. October 17, 2012. http://temadaily.bg/publication/4793-Покажете-Димитър-Воев-на-своята-свиня/. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hreporter
  74. ↑ van Gelder, Lawrence (March 3, 1998). "Footlights". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/03/arts/footlights.html. 
  75. ↑ Isabel García, Maria (2 July 1994). "Escobar muere a manos de unos fanáticos". El País. https://elpais.com/diario/1994/07/03/deportes/773186405_850215.html. "Requiere registrarse para poder acceder a la información." 
  76. ↑ Parra, Eduardo (1 March 2022). "Muertos a los 27: Las 30 celebridades integrantes del fatídico Club de los 27". Cinconoticias. https://www.cinconoticias.com/muertos-a-los-27-celebridades-club-de-los-27/. "Entre las muertes de famosos más impactantes se cuenta la del futbolista colombiano Andrés Escobar, no sólo por la violencia con la que se ejecutó, sino también por la enorme injusticia que supuso su asesinato." 
  77. ↑ Güimil, Eva (31 October 2022). ""Al tío lo van a matar": la herida por el asesinato del futbolista Andrés Escobar intenta cerrarse 28 años después". El País. https://elpais.com/icon/2022-11-01/al-tio-lo-van-a-matar-la-herida-por-el-asesinato-del-futbolista-andres-escobar-intenta-cerrarse-28-anos-despues.html. 
  78. ↑ Stanley-Ayre, Sarah (February 27, 2015). "The Myth of the 27 Club", CityPages. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  79. ↑ Griffen, Brendan (March 28, 2014). "Music & Mortality" , brendangriffen.com. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
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  82. ↑ H, Jim (January 21, 2010). "The 27 Club". https://www.historicmysteries.com/the-27-club/. 
  83. ↑ Mercury, Sunday (October 23, 2012). "Is Jade Goody the latest victim of Club 27?". Birmingham Mail. https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/tv/is-jade-goody-the-latest-victim-of-club-239121. 
  84. ↑ Marche, Stephen (July 18, 2009). "Messy life, clichéd death for prince of hipsters". Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2009/07/18/messy_life_clicheacuteed_death_for_prince_of_hipsters.html. 
  85. ↑ Carlson, Jen (July 15, 2009). "Dash Snow Remembered By New York". Gothamist. https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/dash-snow-remembered-by-new-york. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 Chelsea Duff (July 16, 2021). "The 27 Club Is Tragic—See All the Stars Who Died at the Young Age". In Touch Weekly. https://www.intouchweekly.com/posts/what-is-the-27-club-see-all-the-celebrities-who-died-at-the-young-age/. 
  87. ↑ Davies, Caroline (October 26, 2011). "Amy Winehouse inquest records verdict of misadventure". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/oct/26/amy-winehouse-verdict-misadventure. 
  88. ↑ Smith, K. Alexander. "Richard Turner of Friendly Fires: 1984–2011 (Archived)". http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2011/08/richard-turner-trumpet-player-for-friendly-fires-d.html. 
  89. ↑ "What is the 27 Club?". The Scotsman. https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/what-is-the-27-club-celebrity-members-of-the-cult-phenomenon-from-kurt-cobain-to-janis-joplin-and-amy-winehouse-2922426. 
  90. ↑ "Benítez: La 'maldición' de los 27 ataca los atletas" (in es). Diario Libre. 31 July 2013. https://www.diariolibre.com/deportes/bentez-la-maldicin-de-los-27-ataca-los-atletas-JCDL395408. 
  91. ↑ Staff (20 June 2016). "The curse of the '27 Club' strikes again after Star Trek actor Anton Yelchin dies". https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-36573442. 
  92. ↑ Hartmann, Graham. "27 Rockers Who Died At The Age of 27". https://loudwire.com/rockers-who-died-at-the-age-of-27/. 
  93. ↑ Mather, Kate (June 19, 2016). "Anton Yelchin, actor in 'Star Trek' films, dies in freak car accident at age 27". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-me-anton-yelchin-20160619-snap-story.html. 
  94. ↑ "Klub 27, spisok izvestnykh muzykantov, prichiny smerti, videoposvyashcheniye" (in ru). May 2, 2020. https://ftimes.ru/330789-klub-27-chto-eto-spisok-muzykantov-pesnya-pamyati.html. 
  95. ↑ "K-pop star Kim Jong Hyun joins the ill-fated '27 Club'" (in en). The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. December 19, 2017. https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/k-pop-star-kim-jong-hyun-joins-the-ill-fated-27-club. 
  96. ↑ Frater, Patrick (December 18, 2017). "Jonghyun of Korean Pop Group Shinee Dies at 27". Variety. https://variety.com/2017/music/asia/jonghyun-of-k-pops-shinee-dead-dies-at-27-1202643601/. 
  97. ↑ Duff, Seamus (January 20, 2018). "As Rapper Fredo Santana 'Dies Aged 27', Other Stars Who Make Up Tragic Club 27 – Including Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain". Daily Mirror. https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/fredo-santana-dies-stars-join-11882402. 
  98. ↑ "The cause of Chicago rapper Fredo Santana's death has been determined". https://www.thefader.com/2018/08/11/the-cause-of-chicago-rapper-fredo-santanas-death-has-been-determined. 
  99. ↑ "Stala izvestna prichina smerti rossiyskogo repera Murda Killa" (in ru). July 16, 2020. https://www.gazeta.ru/culture/2020/07/16/a_13154275.shtml. 
  100. ↑ "Diduga Tewas Bunuh Diri, Yoo Joo Eun Menambah Deretan Club 27" (in Indonesian). kumparan.com. August 29, 2022. https://kumparan.com/kumparank-pop/diduga-tewas-bunuh-diri-yoo-joo-eun-menambah-deretan-club-27-1yktQcESn68/full. 
  101. ↑ "Sotsseti soobshchili o gibeli repera Walkie v Krasnodare" (in ru). https://bloknot-krasnodar.ru/news/sotsseti-soobshchili-o-gibeli-repera-walkie-v-kras-1526933. 
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  105. ↑ Itodo, Sunny Green (September 16, 2023). "Mohbad: Light Dims for a Rising Star". Daily Post Nigeria. https://dailypost.ng/2023/09/16/mohbad-light-dims-for-a-rising-star/. 

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