Unsolved:27 Club

From HandWiki
Short description: Notional club occupied by those who died at age 27

The 27 Club is an informal list consisting mostly of popular musicians[1][2][3][4] and other celebrities who died at age 27. Although the claim of a "statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been refuted by scientific research, it remains a common cultural conception that the phenomenon exists, with many celebrities who die at 27 noted for their high-risk lifestyles.

Cultural perception

Beginning with the deaths of several 27-year-old popular musicians between 1969 and 1971 (such as Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison), dying at the age of 27 came to be, and remains, a perennial subject of popular culture, celebrity journalism, and entertainment industry lore.[1][2] This perceived phenomenon, which came to be known as the "27 Club", attributes special significance to popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27, often as a result of drug and alcohol abuse or violent means such as homicide, suicide, or transportation-related accidents.[5] The cultural interpretation of events gave rise to an urban myth that celebrity deaths are more common at 27, a claim that has been refuted by statistical research as discussed in the scientific studies section below.[6][3] However, a subsequent statistical analysis demonstrated that the myth itself has shaped cultural memory by boosting the visibility and cultural prominence of those who die at 27.[7] This phenomenon, deemed the "27 Club effect", reflects the power of collective storytelling and media reinforcement in turning unrelated events into lasting cultural narratives.

White lighter myth

A white disposable lighter

The white lighter myth or white lighter curse is an urban legend based on the 27 Club in which it is claimed several musicians and artists died while in possession of a white disposable cigarette lighter, leading such items to become associated with bad fortune.[8][9] The myth is primarily based on the deaths of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, and Kurt Cobain.[10][11] The myth has been integrated with cannabis culture.[12]

In 2017, Snopes published an article discrediting the theory, noting that Bic did not begin producing white disposable lighters until 1973, several years after the deaths of some members of the 27 Club (including Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison) and that disposable lighters produced by other companies were not widely available at that time.[13]

History

Jim Morrison, lead singer of the rock band the Doors and among the first people associated with the 27 Club.

Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison all died at the age of 27 between 1969 and 1971. At the time, the coincidence gave rise to some comment,[14][15] but, according to Charles R. Cross, a biographer of Hendrix and Kurt Cobain, "it wasn't until Kurt Cobain took his own life in 1994 that the idea of the 27 Club arrived in the popular zeitgeist."[16] Cross claims that the "launch of the Club concept" can be traced to the growing influence of the Internet and sensational celebrity journalism on popular culture in the years following Cobain's death, as well as media interpretations of a statement by Cobain's mother, Wendy Fradenburg Cobain O'Connor, quoted in the local Aberdeen, Washington, newspaper The Daily World, and subsequently carried worldwide by the Associated Press: "Now he's gone and joined that stupid club. I told him not to join that stupid club."[17] Many contemporary journalists interpreted her words as referring to the infamous untimely deaths of fellow rock musicians like Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison, a view shared by Cross and R. Gary Patterson, chronicler of rock music urban myth.[18][19][16][20]

That's really selfish to live to 90 years old unless you have something to offer like maybe William Burroughs. I definitely don't want to be that old. I feel more bonded with the Jim Morrison type of living on the edge, rock & roll poet, in a conservative way.
–Kurt Cobain[21]

The intended meaning of "that stupid club" referred to by Cobain's mother is disputed. In his analysis of how her quote helped popularize the 27 Club, Eric Segalstad, author of The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll, asserted that she was actually referring to the "tragic family matter" of Cobain's two uncles and his great-uncle, all of whom had committed suicide.[22] Other contemporary journalists linked her quote to the then-recent heroin-related deaths of fellow young Seattle rock musicians Stefanie Sargent of 7 Year Bitch and Andrew Wood of Mother Love Bone, both aged 24.[23] Cross, himself, dismissed "the absurd notion that Kurt Cobain intentionally timed his death so he could join the 27 Club", noting that Cobain "had nearly died from drug overdoses on at least two dozen occasions in the year before his death... [and] made several previous suicide attempts at various ages."[16]

In 2011, Amy Winehouse died at the age of 27, prompting a renewed swell of media attention devoted to the 27 Club.[24] Three years earlier, Winehouse's personal assistant, Alex Haines, told the British press that Winehouse, then 25, feared she would join Jim Morrison, Brian Jones, and Kurt Cobain in dying at 27: "She reckoned she would join the 27 Club of rock stars who died at that age. She told me, 'I have a feeling I'm gonna die young.'"[25]

Scientific studies

Despite the cultural significance given to musician and celebrity deaths at age 27, the common claim that they are statistically more common at this age is an urban myth, refuted by scientific research.[1][2][3]

A study by university academics published in the British Medical Journal in December 2011 concluded that there was no increase in the risk of death for musicians at the age of 27, stating that there were equally small increases at ages 25 and 32. The study noted that young adult musicians have a higher death rate than the general young adult population, surmising that the conclusion that could be drawn is as such: "fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27".[6]

A 2014 article at The Conversation suggested that statistical evidence shows popular musicians are most likely to die at the age of 56 (2.2% compared to 1.3% at 27).[3]

The 27 Club frequently appears by name and reference in popular culture and mass media. Several exhibitions have been devoted to the idea, as well as novels, films, stage plays, songs, video games, and comics.[4][26][27][28]

Music

Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison have been referred to as the "holy trinity" of 1960s rock.[29] (In this newsreel, Hendrix is incorrectly identified as being 24 at the time of his death, even though he was in fact 27.)
  • The title of the song "27" by Fall Out Boy from their 2008 album Folie à Deux is a reference to the club. The lyrics explore the hedonistic lifestyles common in rock and roll. Pete Wentz, the primary lyricist of Fall Out Boy, wrote the song because he felt that he was living a similarly dangerous lifestyle.[30]
  • John Craigie's song "28", which appeared on his 2009 album Montana Tale, and 2018 live album Opening for Steinbeck, is written from the perspective of 27 Club members Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain, as each contemplates their respective mortality and imagines what they would do differently "if I could only make it to twenty-eight".[31][32] Craigie wrote the song when he himself was age 27.[33]
  • The theme is referenced in the song "27 Forever" by Eric Burdon, on his 2013 album 'Til Your River Runs Dry.[34]
  • Magenta's studio album The Twenty Seven Club (2013) directly references the club. Each track is a tribute to a member of the club.[35]
  • Halsey's song "Colors", from her debut album Badlands (2015), includes the line: "I hope you make it to the day you're 28 years old."[36]
  • Mac Miller's song "Brand Name", from his 2015 album GO:OD AM, features the line "To everyone who sell me drugs, don't mix it with that bullshit, I'm hopin' not to join the 27 Club." Miller died in 2018 at the age of 26 from a drug overdose, after consuming counterfeit oxycodone pills containing fentanyl.[37]
  • Frank Ocean referenced the club and the white lighter myth on the song "Nights" from his 2016 album Blonde, where he says: "No white lighters 'til I fuck my twenty-eighth up."[38]
  • JPEGMafia's album Black Ben Carson (2016) includes a song titled "The 27 Club", which the song refers to the club. He references members Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain.[39]
  • Adore Delano released a song called "27 Club" on her studio album Whatever (2017), with the repeated lyric: "All of the legends die at twenty-seven." Delano was aged 27 at the time of release.[40]
  • Juice Wrld referenced the club on his song "Legends" (2018), where he says: "What's the 27 Club? We ain't making it past 21."[41]
  • Nessa Barrett's song "La Di Die", released in collaboration with Jxdn in 2021, contains a reference to the club: "I'll be dead at 27, only nine more years to go."[42]

Video games

  • In the video game Hitman (2016), one of the in-game missions, Club 27, involves killing an indie musician who is celebrating his 27th birthday.[43]

Identified members

Some deaths linked to the 27 Club pre-date its emergence as a cultural phenomenon. Blues musician Robert Johnson, who died in 1938, is one of the earliest popular musicians included by various sources.[44][45]

Despite the club's original association with the deaths of popular musicians, later sources began to link actors, artists, athletes, and other celebrities to the 27 Club. Rolling Stone included actor Jonathan Brandis, who died in 2003, in a list of 27 Club members.[45] Anton Yelchin, who had played in a punk rock band but was primarily known as an actor, was also described as a member of the club upon his 2016 death.[46] Likewise, Jean-Michel Basquiat has been linked to the club despite being known primarily as a painter, with his music career being relatively brief and obscure.[47]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Purported 27 Club members
Name Date of birth Date of death Cause of death Fame Age Sources
Charles VIII of France 1470 1498 Complications from minor traumatic brain injury King of France 1483–1498 27 years, 281 days [48]
Alfonso XII 1857 1885 Dysentery King of Spain 1874–1885 27 years, 362 days [49]
Alexandre Levy 1864 1892 Not recorded Composer, pianist and conductor 27 years, 68 days [50]
Louis Chauvin 1881 1908 Neurosyphilitic sclerosis Ragtime musician 27 years, 13 days [50]
Georg Trakl 1887 1914 Overdose Poet 27 years, 273 days [51]
Rupert Brooke 1887 1915 Sepsis Poet 27 years, 263 days [52]

[50]

Robert Johnson 1911 1938 Unknown Blues singer and musician 27 years, 100 days [50][44]
Ghazi of Iraq 1912 1939 Traffic accident, probable murder King of Iraq 1933–1939 27 years, 14 days [53]
Nat Jaffe 1918 1945 Complications from high blood pressure Swing jazz pianist 27 years, 216 days [50]
Camilo Cienfuegos 1932 1959 Unknown, alleged plane crash Cuban revolutionary 27 years, 264 days [54]
Jesse Belvin 1932 1960 Car crash, suspected foul play R&B singer, pianist and songwriter 27 years, 53 days [50][55]
Rudy Lewis 1936 1964 Drug overdose Vocalist of the Drifters 27 years, 271 days [56]
Henderson, Joe Joe Henderson


1937 1964 Heart attack R&B and gospel singer 27 years, 183 days [57]
Roberts, Rockin' Robin Rockin' Robin Roberts


1940 1967 Car crash Vocalist of The Fabulous Wailers; recorded the earliest cover version of Richard Berry's "Louie Louie" 27 years, 30 days [58][59]
Hale, Malcolm Malcolm Hale


1941 1968 Carbon monoxide poisoning Original member and lead guitarist of Spanky and Our Gang 27 years, 166 days [50]
Dickie Pride 1941 1969 Drug overdose Rock and roll singer 27 years, 156 days [60]
Brian Jones 1942 1969 Drowning Rolling Stones founder, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist 27 years, 125 days [61]
Alexandra 1942 1969 Car crash German singer 27 years, 156 days [62]
Ria Bartok 1943 1970 Fire Singer 27 years, 33 days [63]
Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson 1943 1970 Drug overdose Leader, singer and primary composer of Canned Heat 27 years, 61 days [50]
Jimi Hendrix 1942 1970 Asphyxia due to drug use Pioneering electric guitarist, singer and songwriter of the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Band of Gypsys 27 years, 295 days [64]
Janis Joplin 1943 1970 Drug overdose Lead vocalist and songwriter of Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Kozmic Blues Band and Full Tilt Boogie Band 27 years, 258 days [64]
Christian, Arlester Arlester "Dyke" Christian


1943 1971 Shot Frontman, vocalist and bassist of Dyke and the Blazers 27 years, 273 days [50]
Jim Morrison 1943 1971 Heart failure Singer, lyricist, and leader of the Doors 27 years, 207 days [64]
Leslie Harvey 1944 1972 Electrocution Guitarist in several Scottish bands, most notably Stone the Crows 27 years, 232 days [50][65]
Freddy Molina 1945 1972 Shot Vallenato songwriter 27 years, 71 days [66]
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan 1945 1973 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Founding member, keyboardist and singer of the Grateful Dead 27 years, 181 days [50]
Durham, Roger Lee Roger Lee Durham


1946 1973 Horseriding accident Singer and percussionist of Bloodstone 27 years, 163 days [50]
Pamela Courson 1946 1974 Drug overdose Long-term companion of Jim Morrison and heir to his estate 27 years, 124 days [67]
Yohn, Wallace Wallace "Wally" Yohn


1947 1974 Plane crash Organ player of Chase 27 years, 212 days [50]
Dave Alexander 1947 1975 Pulmonary edema due to alcohol abuse Bassist of the Stooges 27 years, 252 days [50]
Pete Ham 1947 1975 Suicide Singer, songwriter, keyboardist and guitarist, leader of Badfinger 27 years, 362 days [50]
Gary Thain 1948 1975 Drug overdose Bassist of Uriah Heep and the Keef Hartley Band 27 years, 205 days [50]
Cecilia 1948 1976 Car crash Singer-songwriter 27 years, 296 days [68][69]
Helmut Köllen 1950 1977 Carbon monoxide poisoning Bassist of 1970s prog rock band Triumvirat 27 years, 62 days [50]
André Paiement 1950 1978 Suicide Playwright and musician, member of progressive rock band CANO 27 years, 209 days [70][71]
Barry Brown 1951 1978 Self-inflicted gunshot Playwright, actor 27 years, 67 days [72]
Chris Bell 1951 1978 Car crash Singer-songwriter and guitarist of power pop band Big Star and solo 27 years, 349 days [50]
De Fleur, Zenon Zenon De Fleur


1951 1979 Car crash Guitarist of the Count Bishops 27 years, 189 days [57][73]
Miller, Jacob Jacob Miller


1952 1980 Car crash Lead singer of Inner Circle 27 years, 324 days [74]
D. Boon 1958 1985 Car crash Guitarist, lead singer of punk band Minutemen 27 years, 266 days [50]
Alexander Bashlachev 1960 1988 Defenestration, possible suicide Poet, rock musician and songwriter 27 years, 266 days [68]
Amar Singh Chamkila 1960 1988 Murder Singer, songwriter, musician, and composer 27 years, 231 days [75]
Jean-Michel Basquiat 1960 1988 Drug overdose Painter and graffiti artist; formed the band Gray 27 years, 234 days [56]
Pete de Freitas 1961 1989 Motorcycle accident Drummer of Echo & the Bunnymen 27 years, 316 days [50]
Finbarr Donnelly 1962 1989 Drowning Singer of Five Go Down to the Sea? 27 years, 50 days [76]
Chris Austin 1964 1991 Plane crash Country singer and guitarist/fiddle player for Reba McEntire 27 years, 20 days [77]
Voev, Dimitar Dimitar Voev


1965 1992 Cancer Poet, founder of the Bulgarian new wave band New Generation 27 years, 107 days [78]
Mia Zapata 1965 1993 Murder Lead singer of the Gits 27 years, 316 days [50]
Kurt Cobain 1967 c. 1994 Suicide Founding member, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter of Nirvana 27 years, 44 days c. [64]
Kristen Pfaff 1967 1994 Drug overdose Bass guitarist of Hole and Janitor Joe 27 years, 21 days [50]
Andrés Escobar 1967 1994 Murder Footballer 27 years, 111 days [79][80][81]
Richey Edwards 1967 1995 Disappeared; later declared legally dead Lyricist and guitarist of Manic Street Preachers 27 years, 41 days [50]
Stretch 1968 1995 Murder Rapper 27 years, 236 days [82]
Ken Steadman 1969 1996 Car crash American film and television actor 27 years, 86 days [50]
Fat Pat 1970 1998 Murder American rapper and member of Screwed Up Click 27 years, 61 days [50]
Louie Spicolli 1971 1998 Drug overdose Professional wrestler 27 years, 5 days [83]
Freaky Tah 1971 1999 Murder American rapper and member of the hip-hop group Lost Boyz 27 years, 318 days [50]
Kami 1972 1999 Subarachnoid hemorrhage Drummer of Malice Mizer 27 years, 140 days [84]
Rodrigo Bueno 1973 2000 Car crash Cuarteto singer 27 years, 31 days [68]
McCabe, Sean Sean Patrick McCabe


1972 2000 Asphyxia Lead singer of Ink & Dagger 27 years, 289 days [50]
Thuy Trang {{{2}}}


1973 2001 Car crash Vietnamese-American actress, known for her role as Trini Kwan on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers 27 years, 263 days [85]
Serrano Serrano, María María Serrano Serrano


1973 2001 Plane crash Singer of Passion Fruit 27 years, 363 days [50]
Rico Yan 1975 2002 Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis Filipino actor 27 years, 15 days [50]
Jeremy Ward 1976 2003 Drug overdose The Mars Volta and De Facto sound manipulator 27 years, 20 days [50]
Jonathan Brandis 1976 2003 Suicide American actor 27 years, 213 days [45]
Pat Tillman 1976 2004 Killed in action by friendly fire Professional football player and United States Army specialist 27 years, 168 days [86]
Andrea Absolonová 1976 2004 Glioblastoma Porn actress 27 years, 349 days [53]
Ottoson, Bryan Bryan Ottoson


1978 2005 Drug overdose Guitarist of American Head Charge 27 years, 32 days [50]
Valentín Elizalde 1979 2006 Murder Mexican banda singer 27 years, 297 days [50]
Morris, Damien "Damo" Damien "Damo" Morris


1980 2007 Bus accident Member of Australian deathcore band the Red Shore 27 years, 211 days [87]
Grinstead, Orish Orish Grinstead


1980 2008 Kidney failure Founding member of the R&B group 702 27 years, 323 days [88]
Jade Goody 1981 2009 Cervical cancer Reality-television personality 27 years, 290 days [46][89]
Dash Snow 1981 2009 Drug overdose Artist 27 years, 351 days [90][91]
Amy Winehouse 1983 2011 Alcohol poisoning Singer-songwriter 27 years, 312 days [61]
Turner, Richard Richard Turner


1984 2011 Aortic rupture Trumpet player, collaborator with Friendly Fires 27 years, 12 days [92]
Bogner, Nicole Nicole Bogner


1984 2012 Severe disease Singer for Visions of Atlantis 27 years, 290 days [93]
Sahara Davenport 1984 2012 Heart failure Drag queen 27 years, 289 days [94]
Christian Benítez 1986 2013 Respiratory failure Footballer 27 years, 89 days [95]
Slađa Guduraš 1987 2014 Road accident Pop artist and actress 27 years, 121 days [96]
Stuart Baggs 1988 2015 Asthma attack Businessman 27 years, 7 days [97][98][99]
Lowe, Thomas Tomas Lowe


May 1988 2016 Car crash bassist of Viola Beach 27 years, 9 months [100]
Fekete, Thomas Thomas Fekete


1988 2016 Cancer Guitarist of Surfer Blood 27 years, 335 days [93]
Anton Yelchin 1989 2016 Car crash Actor, Chekov in the Star Trek reboot series 27 years, 100 days [46]
Shot 1989 2017 Diabetes Russian rapper 27 years, 294 days [101]
Kim Jong-hyun 1990 2017 Suicide Vocalist and lyricist of Shinee 27 years, 254 days [102][103]
Fredo Santana 1990 2018 Idiopathic epilepsy American rapper 27 years, 199 days [104]
Killa, Murda Murda Killa (ru)


1993 2020 Asthma attack provoked by the use of alcohol and antidepressants Russian rapper 27 years, 126 days [105]
Yoo, Ju-eun Yoo Ju-eun (ko)


1995 2022 Suicide Korean actress 27 years, 118 days [106]
Walkie 1995 2022 Suicide Russian battle rapper 27 years, 129 days [107]
Trappa, Yung Yung Trappa (ru)


1995 2023 Overdose Russian rapper 27 years, 172 days [108]
Figueroa, Julián Julián Figueroa (es)


1995 2023 Myocardial infarction and Ventricular fibrillation Singer, actor, and composer 27 years, 310 days [109][110]
MohBad 1996 2023 Undetermined Nigerian rapper 27 years, 252 days [111]
Chance Perdomo 1996 2024 Motorcycle accident Actor 27 years, 163 days [112][113]
Dutty Dior 1996 2024 Undetermined Rapper 27 years, 128 days [114][115]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McKinney, Kelsey. "Despite the huge myth, musicians don't die at 27 — they die at 56". https://www.vox.com/2015/3/23/8277271/27-club-real-myth. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Butler, Jack (July 7, 2021). "The Myth of the 27 Club". https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/07/the-myth-of-the-27-club/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kenny, Dianna Theadora (November 18, 2014). "The 27 Club is a myth: 56 is the bum note for musicians" (in en-US). http://theconversation.com/the-27-club-is-a-myth-56-is-the-bum-note-for-musicians-33586. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Segalstad, Eric (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. Samadhi Creations, LLC. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. https://archive.org/details/27sgreatestmytho0000sega. 
  5. ↑ Weiss, David. "Amy Winehouse & The 27 Club". Life Goes Strong. http://play.lifegoesstrong.com/amy-winehouse-27-club. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Christmas 2011: Death's Dominion Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? A retrospective cohort study". The BMJ 343. December 20, 2011. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7799. PMID 22187325. 
  7. ↑ Dunivin, Zackary O.; Kaminski, Patrick (October 16, 2024). "Path dependence, stigmergy, and memetic reification in the formation of the 27 Club myth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 (46). doi:10.1073/pnas.2413373121. PMID 39495913. Bibcode: 2024PNAS..12113373D. 
  8. ↑ La Jackson (28 November 2014). Musicology 2102: A Quick Start Guide to Diverse Synergies. L.A. Jackson. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-0-578-15469-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=zEWRswEACAAJ&pg=PA144. 
  9. ↑ "15 Craziest Urban Legends of Rock and Roll". MSN. 2015-03-20. https://www.msn.com/en-us/music/gallery/15-craziest-urban-legends-of-rock-and-roll/ss-BBivAcm. 
  10. ↑ Lauren Martin (17 October 2013). "Stoner History 101: The Myth Of The White Lighter". Elite Daily. http://elitedaily.com/life/culture/the-myth-of-the-white-lighter/. 
  11. ↑ Chelsea Beeler (2013-01-30). "MythPuffers: The Curse Of The White Lighter". NYU Local. http://nyulocal.com/entertainment/2013/01/30/mythpuffers-the-curse-of-the-white-lighter/. 
  12. ↑ M.H. Kent (2014-04-14). "20-year anniversary marks Cobain's tragedy". State Press. http://www.statepress.com/article/2014/04/20-year-anniversary-marks-cobains-tragedy/. 
  13. ↑ Evon, Dan (January 2, 2017). "Did Several Musicians Die with White BIC Lighters in Their Pockets?". https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/white-bic-lighter-deaths/. 
  14. ↑ Roberts, Nesta (September 10, 1971). "Flower Bower". The Guardian (UK): p. 13. 
  15. ↑ Riordan, James; Prochnicky, Jerry (1992). Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison. It Books. pp. 416, 467. ISBN 978-0-688-11915-7. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Charles R. Cross (February 22, 2007). "P-I's Writer in Residence Charles R. Cross explores the darker side of 'only the good die young'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/writers/304767_writer23.html. 
  17. ↑ Charles R. Cross (2002). Heavier Than Heaven: A Biography of Kurt Cobain (2nd ed.). Hyperion. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-7868-8402-5. 
  18. ↑ Dee Norton; Peyton Whitely; Dave Birkland; Barbara Serrano (April 8, 1994). "Nirvana's Cobain Dead – Suicide Note, Shotgun Near Body Of Musician At His Seattle Home – Mother: 'Now He's Gone And Joined That Stupid Club'". The Seattle Times. https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19940408&slug=1904521. 
  19. ↑ Egan, Timothy (April 9, 1994). "Kurt Cobain, Hesitant Poet Of 'Grunge Rock,' Dead at 27". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/09/obituaries/kurt-cobain-hesitant-poet-of-grunge-rock-dead-at-27.html. 
  20. ↑ R. Gary Patterson. Take a Walk on the Dark Side: Rock and Roll Myths, Legends, and Curses. p. 259. 
  21. ↑ Trakin, Roy (1991). "In Utero: Cobain Speaks". https://www.livenirvana.com/interviews/9110rt/index.php#Transcript1. 
  22. ↑ Josh Hunter; Eric Segalstad (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. Berkeley Lake: Samadhi Creations. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. https://archive.org/details/27sgreatestmytho0000sega. Retrieved September 20, 2010. 
  23. ↑ Harrington, Lei (April 9, 1994). "Nirvana Singer Found Dead". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/04/09/nirvana-singer-found-dead/d960b58a-c6a4-4270-9ea0-bb3ccc1fda34/. 
  24. ↑ "Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain and the 27 Club". The Washington Post. July 24, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/amy-winehouse-jimi-hendrix-kurt-cobain-and-the-27-club/2011/07/23/gIQAiLAhVI_blog.html. 
  25. ↑ "The Inquisitr: Stating the Obvious, Amy Winehouse". Inquisitr.com. December 28, 2008. http://www.inquisitr.com/13488/stating-the-obvious-amy-winehouse-fears-early-death/. 
  26. ↑ Sounes (2013).
  27. ↑ Owen, Michael (February 2012). The 27 Club: Why Age 27 Is Important. Kahurangi Press. ISBN 978-0-473-20684-0. 
  28. ↑ The Curse of 27: They Have Three Things in Common. Talent, Fame... and a Tragic Death at the Age of 27. the 27 Club. Forever 27. Pillar Box Red Publishing Limited. August 2011. ISBN 978-1-907823-22-0. 
  29. ↑ Queenan, Joe (2008). "A little respect". https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/feb/15/vinylword.joequeenan. 
  30. ↑ Chick, Stevie (October 23, 2008). "Chemical brothers". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/oct/24/falloutboy-popandrock. 
  31. ↑ "What is the Rock and Roll 27 Club?". December 13, 2017. https://mentalitch.com/what-is-the-rock-and-roll-27-club/. 
  32. ↑ "Fringe Review: 'The 27 Club' at Warehouse". July 15, 2014. https://mdtheatreguide.com/2014/07/fringe-review-the-27-club-at-warehouse/. 
  33. ↑ (in en) John Craigie – Full Performance (Live on KEXP), March 19, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6XWhuFqRSw, retrieved 2024-02-08 
  34. ↑ "Eric Burdon Speaks His Mind on New LP". Rolling Stone. February 5, 2013. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/eric-burdon-speaks-his-mind-on-new-lp-20130205. Retrieved July 24, 2014. 
  35. ↑ Menshikov, Vitaly (November 21, 2013). "Review: The Twenty Seven Club". http://www.progressor.net/review/magenta_2013.html. 
  36. ↑ Davis, Elizabeth (May 4, 2021). "The joy we take in watching colours fade: Our fascination with Kurt Cobain and The 27 Club". http://theglitterandgold.com.au/kurt-cobain-and-the-27-club/. 
  37. ↑ Blistein, Jon (2019-10-02). "Mac Miller: Three Men Officially Charged in Connection with Rapper's Death" (in en-US). Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mac-miller-three-men-charged-death-894091/. Retrieved 2025-04-27. 
  38. ↑ Wete, Brad (22 August 2016). "Frank Ocean's 'Blonde' Proves Why Artists Shouldn't Be Rushed". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/frank-ocean-blonde-artists-take-time-7480273/. 
  39. ↑ "A conversation with JPEGMAFIA, the MC who raps like the internet feels". March 28, 2019. https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43835/1/jpegmafia-veteran-2019-interview. 
  40. ↑ "Adore Delano Talks New Punk Album 'Whatever', the '27 Club' & Being Nonbinary: 'Gender Isn't a Real Thing'". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/pride/7934257/adore-delano-new-album-whatever-nonbinary-gender-interview. Retrieved July 17, 2018. 
  41. ↑ Mamo, Heran (December 19, 2019). "Here Are the Lyrics to Juice WRLD's 'Legends'". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lyrics/8546749/juice-wrld-legends-lyrics. Retrieved March 13, 2020. 
  42. ↑ Janes, Kesa (8 March 2021). "Song Review: "La Di Die" by Nessa Barret ft. Jxdn". https://www.891thepoint.com/post/song-review-la-di-die-by-nessa-barret-ft-jxdn. 
  43. ↑ "We Help a Rock Star Join Club 27 in Hitman's Bangkok Level" (in en). https://www.outsidexbox.com/articles/2016-08-24-we-help-a-rock-star-join-club-27-in-hitmans-bangkok-level. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Sullivan, James (May 27, 2011). "Robert Johnson Founds the '27 Club' With Devil Pact – Twisted Tales". Spinner. http://www.spinner.com/2011/05/27/robert-johnson-crossroads/. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 "The 27 Club: A Brief History". Rolling Stone. December 8, 2019. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/the-27-club-a-brief-history-17853/. Retrieved June 30, 2022. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 "The curse of the '27 Club' strikes again after Star Trek actor Anton Yelchin dies". BBC News. June 20, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-36573442. 
  47. ↑ O'Connor, Rob (July 23, 2011). "Twenty-Seven Members of the 27 Club". Yahoo Music. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/listoftheday/141497/twenty-seven-members-of-the-27-club/. 
  48. ↑ "Le club des 27" (in fr). Europe 1. January 27, 2021. https://www.europe1.fr/emissions/lequipee-sauvage/le-club-des-27-128063. 
  49. ↑ Sánchez-Reyes Peñamaria, Sonsoles. "Cuando Alfonso XII salió a ver delfines con su prometida" (in es). http://www.tribunasegovia.com/blogs/cuaderno-de-bitacora/posts/352515/cuando-alfonso-xii-salio-a-ver-delfines-con-su-prometida. "Aunque a Alfonso XII no se le concedió vivir una existencia larga (es uno de los miembros del numeroso y lúgubre 'Club de los 27', compuesto por celebridades fallecidas a esa temprana edad), su trayectoria vital está tan jalonada de acontecimientos relevantes y giros del destino, que su densa biografía ha inspirado novelas y películas." 
  50. ↑ 50.00 50.01 50.02 50.03 50.04 50.05 50.06 50.07 50.08 50.09 50.10 50.11 50.12 50.13 50.14 50.15 50.16 50.17 50.18 50.19 50.20 50.21 50.22 50.23 50.24 50.25 50.26 50.27 50.28 50.29 50.30 50.31 "The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll". The27s.com. http://the27club.the27s.com/Forever27.html. 
  51. ↑ "In the footsteps of the poet Georg Trakl : Salzburg Magazine: Salzburg.info". https://www.salzburg.info/en/magazin/scenes/georg-trakl-life-and-death-of-a-scandal-ridden-poet_a_29476183. 
  52. ↑ Bell, Virginia (November 17, 2011). "Dear Lindsay, Please Don't Join the 27 Club". Huffington Post. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dear-lindsay-please-dont_b_540905. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Parra, Eduardo (March 1, 2023). "Muertos a los 27: Las 30 celebridades integrantes del fatídico Club de los 27" (in es). Cinconoticias. https://www.cinconoticias.com/muertos-a-los-27-celebridades-club-de-los-27/. 
  54. ↑ "Entramos al Club de los 27" (in es). August 5, 2021. https://mujercitosmagazine.medium.com/entramos-al-club-de-los-27-54a58c6de870. "Camilo Cienfuegos cumple los requisitos con excelencia: era una superestrella, y murió con 27 años. Pero no solo eso. Aunque existe una historia oficial y una historia chismeada, no nos casemos con ninguna, tengamos el beneficio de la duda. En primer lugar, su carrera estaba en pleno ascenso, como suele pasar con todos los del Club. Y en segundo lugar, su avión se perdió en el mar: muerte trágica y misteriosa. Hay quien afirma que no fue un accidente, sino que fue asesinado por Fidel." 
  55. ↑ Segalstad, Eric; Hunter, Josh (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. United Kingdom: Samadhi Creations. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=EEF0zQEACAAJ. Retrieved March 18, 2023. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Geier, Thom (February 20, 2020). "27 Club: Stars Who Died at Age 27, From Jimi Hendrix to Kurt Cobain". TheWrap. https://www.thewrap.com/27-club-stars-died-age-kurt-cobain-jimi-hendrix-amy-winehouse/. Retrieved May 22, 2020. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Sounes (2013), p. 304.
  58. ↑ "Roberts, "Rockin' Robin" (1940-1967)". HistoryLink. https://www.historylink.org/File/9217. 
  59. ↑ "City, the number 27, Benjani, Marc-Vivien Foe". The Herald. https://www.herald.co.zw/city-the-number-27-benjani-marc-vivien-foe/. 
  60. ↑ "British Dickie Pride AKA Richard Charles Kneller, Dead At 27". http://forever-27.com/dickie-pride/british-musician-dickie-pride-aka-richard-charles-kneller-dead-at-27/. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Clements, Paul (July 24, 2011). "Amy Winehouse joins the 'Forever 27' club". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8657314/Amy-Winehouse-joins-the-Forever-27-club.html. 
  62. ↑ Thomas Winkler (July 30, 2009). "Alexandras mysteriöse Biografie". Der Spiegel. https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/alexandras-mysterioese-biografie-a-948411.html. 
  63. ↑ "Cortanze se glisse dans la peau des yé-yé" (in fr). 24 Heures. 25 February 2018. https://www.24heures.ch/culture/livres/cortanze-glisse-peau-yeye/story/12979483. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 Schillaci, Sophie A. (July 23, 2011). "Amy Winehouse Joins Kurt Cobain, Janis Joplin in '27 Club'". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amy-winehouse-27-kurt-cobain-214643. 
  65. ↑ Tobler, John (1992). NME's Rock 'n' Roll Years, 1992. London: Hamlyn. p. 238. ISBN 0-600-57602-7. 
  66. ↑ (in es) Freddy Molina, medio siglo sin un ídolo de la música colombiana, October 9, 2022, https://www.radionacional.co/musica/artistas-colombianos/freddy-molina-medio-siglo-sin-un-idolo-de-la-musica-colombiana, retrieved September 13, 2025 
  67. ↑ "Musicians in the '27 Club'". Hearst. July 23, 2011. https://www.chron.com/culture/main/slideshow/Musicians-in-the-27-Club-30267.php. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 Saunders, Christian (January 2012). "The Forever 27 Club". Fortean Times. http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/6250/the_forever_27_club.html. 
  69. ↑ "El coche nos los arrebató" (in es). Con Plomo. http://blogs.km77.com/conplomo/314/el-coche-nos-los-arrebato-i/. 
  70. ↑ "André Paiement Biographie Chronologique". http://www.canomusique.ca/cano/assets/pdf/BioChronologique.pdf. 
  71. ↑ Hopkins, Thomas (September 25, 1978). "From the ashes of tragedy CANO goes international". Maclean's. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1978/9/25/from-the-ashes-of-tragedy-cano-goes-international. 
  72. ↑ LaBruce, Bruce (November 17, 2016). "Bruce LaBruce's Academy of the Underrated: Daisy Miller". Talkhouse. https://www.talkhouse.com/bruce-labruces-academy-underrated-daisy-miller/. Retrieved July 15, 2024. 
  73. ↑ Simmonds, Jeremy (2012). The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches. Chicago Review Press. pp. 1221–122. ISBN 978-1-61374-478-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=PtpkCgAAQBAJ&q=zenon+de+fleur&pg=PA121. Retrieved March 14, 2023. 
  74. ↑ "The List: 7 rarely mentioned musicians of the 27 Club". https://triad-city-beat.com/7-rarely-mentioned-musicians-27-club/. 
  75. ↑ Khan, Murtaza Ali (January 25, 2019). "In search of Chamkila". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/in-search-of-chamkila/article26078936.ece. 
  76. ↑ O'Driscoll, Des (June 13, 2014). "Recalling the great nights of Cork's Arcadia". Irish Examiner. https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-20271898.html. 
  77. ↑ "The Curse of 27". Angelfire. https://www.angelfire.com/music5/archives/curse27.html. 
  78. ↑ "Show Dimitar Voev its pig! "Voev is the Bulgarian representative in mythologizing "Club 27""". TEMADaily. October 17, 2012. http://temadaily.bg/publication/4793-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F/. 
  79. ↑ Isabel García, Maria (July 2, 1994). "Escobar muere a manos de unos fanáticos". El País. https://elpais.com/diario/1994/07/03/deportes/773186405_850215.html. "Requiere registrarse para poder acceder a la información." 
  80. ↑ Parra, Eduardo (March 1, 2022). "Muertos a los 27: Las 30 celebridades integrantes del fatídico Club de los 27". Cinconoticias. https://www.cinconoticias.com/muertos-a-los-27-celebridades-club-de-los-27/. "Entre las muertes de famosos más impactantes se cuenta la del futbolista colombiano Andrés Escobar, no sólo por la violencia con la que se ejecutó, sino también por la enorme injusticia que supuso su asesinato." 
  81. ↑ Güimil, Eva (October 31, 2022). ""Al tío lo van a matar": la herida por el asesinato del futbolista Andrés Escobar intenta cerrarse 28 años después". El País. https://elpais.com/icon/2022-11-01/al-tio-lo-van-a-matar-la-herida-por-el-asesinato-del-futbolista-andres-escobar-intenta-cerrarse-28-anos-despues.html. 
  82. ↑ Stanley-Ayre, Sarah (February 27, 2015). "The Myth of the 27 Club | City Pages". http://www.citypages.com/music/the-myth-of-the-27-club-6646135. 
  83. ↑ Reynolds, R.D (2004). The Death of WCW: WrestleCrap and Figure Four Weekly Present. ECW Press. pp. 125. ISBN 978-1-55490-255-2. 
  84. ↑ Griffen, Brendan (March 28, 2014). "Music and Mortality". http://brendangriffen.com/music-and-mortality/. 
  85. ↑ Kantor, Jonathan H. (November 30, 2022). "All The Unfortunate Members Of The 27 Club" (in en-US). https://www.nickiswift.com/1120722/all-the-unfortunate-members-of-the-27-club/. 
  86. ↑ Edwards, Chance (July 27, 2021). The 27 Club: Curse or Coincidence?: The Incredible True Stories Behind Entertainment's Most Enduring Urban Legend. Nysa Media. https://www.amazon.com/27-Club-Coincidence-Incredible-Entertainments-ebook/dp/B0974ZGQ35. Retrieved April 13, 2024. 
  87. ↑ Rockers Who Died At age 27, September 18, 2015, http://ultimateclassicrock.com/rockers-who-died-at-age-27/, retrieved May 15, 2018 
  88. ↑ H, Jim (January 21, 2010). "The 27 Club". https://www.historicmysteries.com/the-27-club/. 
  89. ↑ Mercury, Sunday (October 23, 2012). "Is Jade Goody the latest victim of Club 27?". Birmingham Mail. https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/tv/is-jade-goody-the-latest-victim-of-club-239121. 
  90. ↑ Marche, Stephen (July 18, 2009). "Messy life, clichéd death for prince of hipsters". Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2009/07/18/messy_life_clicheacuteed_death_for_prince_of_hipsters.html. 
  91. ↑ Carlson, Jen (July 15, 2009). "Dash Snow Remembered By New York". Gothamist. https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/dash-snow-remembered-by-new-york. 
  92. ↑ Smith, K. Alexander. "Richard Turner of Friendly Fires: 1984–2011 (Archived)". Paste Magazine. http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2011/08/richard-turner-trumpet-player-for-friendly-fires-d.html. 
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 Hartmann, Graham. "27 Rockers Who Died At The Age of 27". https://loudwire.com/rockers-who-died-at-the-age-of-27/. 
  94. ↑ "What is the 27 Club?". The Scotsman. July 23, 2020. https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/what-is-the-27-club-celebrity-members-of-the-cult-phenomenon-from-kurt-cobain-to-janis-joplin-and-amy-winehouse-2922426. 
  95. ↑ "Benítez: La 'maldición' de los 27 ataca los atletas" (in es). Diario Libre. July 31, 2013. https://www.diariolibre.com/deportes/bentez-la-maldicin-de-los-27-ataca-los-atletas-JCDL395408. 
  96. ↑ Cronström, Michael (May 7, 2015). "Hall of Fame eller Hall of Shame" (in sv). Yle.fi. https://yle.fi/a/7-923737. "One of the countless legends in rock music claims that 27 is a particularly dangerous age. As proof, they usually list a number of musicians who died at that age, the so-called 27 club." 
  97. ↑ "Apprentice star Stuart 'The Brand' Baggs dies aged 27". Evening Standard. July 30, 2015. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/celebritynews/apprentice-star-stuart-the-brand-baggs-dies-aged-27-10427402.html. 
  98. ↑ "Apprentice star Stuart Baggs death: Family 'shattered'". BBC News. July 31, 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-33729248. 
  99. ↑ "Lord Sugar, celebrities and former Apprentice contestants pay tribute to Stuart Baggs". The Independent. July 31, 2015. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/stuart-baggs-death-alan-sugar-celebrities-and-former-apprentice-contestants-pay-tribute-10427657.html. 
  100. ↑ "The curse of the '27 Club' strikes again after Star Trek actor Anton Yelchin dies". BBC News. June 20, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-36573442. 
  101. ↑ "Klub 27, spisok izvestnykh muzykantov, prichiny smerti, videoposvyashcheniye" (in ru). May 2, 2020. https://ftimes.ru/330789-klub-27-chto-eto-spisok-muzykantov-pesnya-pamyati.html. 
  102. ↑ "K-pop star Kim Jong Hyun joins the ill-fated '27 Club'" (in en). The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. December 19, 2017. https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/k-pop-star-kim-jong-hyun-joins-the-ill-fated-27-club. 
  103. ↑ Frater, Patrick (December 18, 2017). "Jonghyun of Korean Pop Group Shinee Dies at 27". Variety. https://variety.com/2017/music/asia/jonghyun-of-k-pops-shinee-dead-dies-at-27-1202643601/. 
  104. ↑ "The cause of Chicago rapper Fredo Santana's death has been determined". https://www.thefader.com/2018/08/11/the-cause-of-chicago-rapper-fredo-santanas-death-has-been-determined. 
  105. ↑ "Stala izvestna prichina smerti rossiyskogo repera Murda Killa" (in ru). July 16, 2020. https://www.gazeta.ru/culture/2020/07/16/a_13154275.shtml. 
  106. ↑ "Diduga Tewas Bunuh Diri, Yoo Joo Eun Menambah Deretan Club 27" (in Indonesian). kumparan.com. August 29, 2022. https://kumparan.com/kumparank-pop/diduga-tewas-bunuh-diri-yoo-joo-eun-menambah-deretan-club-27-1yktQcESn68/full. 
  107. ↑ "Sotsseti soobshchili o gibeli repera Walkie v Krasnodare" (in ru). https://bloknot-krasnodar.ru/news/sotsseti-soobshchili-o-gibeli-repera-walkie-v-kras-1526933. 
  108. ↑ Yung Trappa умер. Rest in peace
  109. ↑ "Julián Figueroa se suma al 'Club de los 27'; ellos son los artistas que murieron a esta edad" (in es). Milenio. April 10, 2023. https://www.milenio.com/espectaculos/famosos/club-de-los-27-julian-figueroa-se-suma-lista-artitas-muertos. 
  110. ↑ "El Club de los 27: ¿Por qué se relaciona con Julián Figueroa?" (in es). Fox Sports. April 10, 2023. https://www.foxsports.com.mx/2023/04/10/el-club-de-los-27-por-que-se-relaciona-con-julian-figueroa/. 
  111. ↑ Itodo, Sunny Green (September 16, 2023). "Mohbad: Light Dims for a Rising Star". Daily Post Nigeria. https://dailypost.ng/2023/09/16/mohbad-light-dims-for-a-rising-star/. 
  112. ↑ "What is The 27 Club? The infamous urban legend that adds Chance Perdomo's name to it". Marca. April 3, 2024. https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/movies/2024/04/03/660daffeca474124078b456c.html. 
  113. ↑ Jacobs, Meredith (March 30, 2024). "Chance Perdomo Dies: 'Gen V' Star Was 27". TVInsider. https://www.tvinsider.com/1129586/chance-perdomo-dead-motorcycle-accident-gen-v-chilling-adventures-of-sabrina/. 
  114. ↑ Talseth, Thomas; Christensen, Siri B. (April 7, 2024). "Dutty Dior (27) er død" (in no). Verdens Gang. https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/Q7p248/dutty-dior-er-doed. 
  115. ↑ Nerbøberg, Sunniva; Mjaaland, Ola (April 7, 2024). "Artisten Dutty Dior er død" (in no). NRK. https://www.nrk.no/norge/artisten-dutty-dior-er-dod-1.16834079. 

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