Unsolved:Oneirogen
From HandWiki
An oneirogen, from the Greek ὄνειρος óneiros meaning "dream" and gen "to create", is a substance that induces a dream-like state of consciousness. Oneirogens function by altering neural processing in a way that shifts the brain from bottom-up sensory input to top-down generative activity, resembling the mechanisms involved in dreaming. This neural shift is associated with increased internal imagery and reduced responsiveness to external stimuli. Psychedelics—particularly those acting on the 5-HT2A receptor—produce oneirogenic effects by promoting this altered balance of neural signaling.
List of oneirogens
- Calea zacatechichi ("Calea ternifolia") has been traditionally used in Central America as a believed way to potentiate lucid dreams and perform dream divination. It can promote dreams vivid to the senses, sight, scent, hearing, touch, and taste. May be taken as a tea or smoked.[1][2][3][4]
- Entada rheedii ("African dream bean")[3]
- Mugwort,[3] see Artemisia douglasiana
- Silene undulata (also known as "Silene capensis" or "African dream root") is used by the Xhosa people of South Africa to induce lucid dreams.[4][5][6] It has been found to contain β-carbolines and ibogaine.[6]
List of possible oneirogens
- Diphenhydramine ("Benadryl") can invoke an intense hypnagogic REM-like microsleep often indifferentiable from reality. It accomplishes this by blocking various acetylcholine receptors in the brain.[7]
- Galantamine was shown to increase lucid dreaming by 27% at 4 mg and 42% at 8 mg in a 2018 double-blind study lasting three nights.[8]
- Ibogaine[9]
- Melatonin and Ramelteon may cause vivid dreams as a side effect [4]
- Mirtazapine[10]
- Muscimol[11]
- Huperzine-A has been shown to induce lucid dreaming acting as a duel acetylcholine esterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist.
- ketamine
Hallucinogenic oneirogens
- Tabernanthe iboga (iboga) is a perennial rainforest shrub native to West Africa. An evergreen bush indigenous to Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo, it is cultivated across West Africa. In African traditional medicine and rituals, the yellowish root or bark is used to produce hallucinations and near-death outcomes, with some fatalities occurring.[12][13]
- Psilocybe mushrooms and their active ingredients psilocin and psilocybin[14]
Disputed oneirogens
- Valerian (herb) – A study conducted in the UK in 2001 showed that valerian root significantly improved stress induced insomnia, but as a side effect greatly increased the vividness of dreams. This study concluded that valerian root affects REM due to natural chemicals and essential oils that stimulate serotonin and opioid receptors. Another study found no encephalographic changes in subjects under its influence.[15][16][17]
Nonchemical oneirogens
- Mindfulness practices could be useful in achieving lucid dream.[18]
- Sleep deprivation can make dreams more intense, which is caused by REM rebound effect [19]
See also
- List of hallucinogens
- List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens
- Oneiromancy
- Oneirophrenia
References
- ↑ "Evaluation of "Dream Herb," Calea zacatechichi, for Nephrotoxicity Using Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells". J Toxicol 2016. 2016. doi:10.1155/2016/9794570. PMID 27703475.
- ↑ "Neuropharmacological characterization of the oneirogenic Mexican plant Calea zacatechichi aqueous extract in mice". Metab Brain Dis 31 (3): 631–41. June 2016. doi:10.1007/s11011-016-9794-1. PMID 26821073.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Oneirogens - BurnZero Pharmacopeia". https://burnzero.com/Oneirogens.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sanz, Camila; Zamberlan, Federico; Erowid, Earth; Erowid, Fire; Tagliazucchi, Enzo (2018). "The Experience Elicited by Hallucinogens Presents the Highest Similarity to Dreaming within a Large Database of Psychoactive Substance Reports". Frontiers in Neuroscience 12: 7. doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00007. ISSN 1662-453X. PMID 29403350.
- ↑ Sobiecki, J.F. (December 2008). "A review of plants used in divination in southern Africa and their psychoactive effects". South African Humanities 20 (2): 333–351. http://www.sahumanities.org/ojs/index.php/SAH/article/viewFile/247/208. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Potential Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Agonist of Psychoactive Components of Silene undulata Aiton: LC-MS/MS, ADMET, and Molecular Docking Studies". Curr Pharm Biotechnol 26 (2): 260–275. 2025. doi:10.2174/0113892010299804240324140017. PMID 38561607.
- ↑ "Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Injection, USP". https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/091526lbl.pdf.
- ↑ LaBerge (August 2018). "Pre-sleep treatment with galantamine stimulates lucid dreaming: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study". PLOS ONE 13 (8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201246. PMID 30089135. Bibcode: 2018PLoSO..1301246L.
- ↑ Schenberg, Eduardo Ekman; Comis, Maria Angélica de Castro; Alexandre, João Felipe Morel; Tófoli, Luís Fernando; Chaves, Bruno Daniel Rasmussen; Silveira, Dartiu Xavier da (2017-11-01). "A phenomenological analysis of the subjective experience elicited by ibogaine in the context of a drug dependence treatment" (in en). Journal of Psychedelic Studies 1 (2): 74–83. doi:10.1556/2054.01.2017.007.
- ↑ National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4205, Mirtazapine. Retrieved September 24, 2021 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Mirtazapine.
- ↑ "Muscimol". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/muscimol.
- ↑ "Iboga". Drugs.com. 23 January 2019. https://www.drugs.com/npp/iboga.html.
- ↑ Koenig, Xaver; Hilber, Karlheinz (29 January 2015). "The Anti-Addiction Drug Ibogaine and the Heart: A Delicate Relation". Molecules 20 (2): 2208–2228. doi:10.3390/molecules20022208. ISSN 1420-3049. PMID 26807959.
- ↑ Carhart-Harris, Robin; Nutt, David (2014). "Was it a vision or a waking dream?". Frontiers in Psychology 5: 255. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00255. ISSN 1664-1078. PMID 24772095.
- ↑ "Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies". Am J Health-Syst Pharm 56 (12538): 125–38; quiz 139–41. 1999. doi:10.1093/ajhp/56.2.125. PMID 10030529.
- ↑ "Herbal remedies in psychiatric practice". Arch Gen Psychiatry 55 (103344): 1033–44. 1998. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.1033. PMID 9819073.
- ↑ Miller LG (1998). "Herbal medicines. Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions". Arch Intern Med 158 (220011): 2200–11. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.20.2200. PMID 9818800.
- ↑ "The Link Between Mindfulness, Meditation, and Lucid Dreaming | Psychology Today" (in en). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/dream-factory/201509/the-link-between-mindfulness-meditation-and-lucid-dreaming.
- ↑ Machado, RB; Suchecki, D (2016). "Neuroendocrine and Peptidergic Regulation of Stress-Induced REM Sleep Rebound.". Frontiers in Endocrinology 7: 163. doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00163. PMID 28066328.
Sources
- Schultes, Richard Evans; Albert Hofmann (1979), Plants of the Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenic Use, New York: McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-056089-7
- Gianluca Toro; Benjamin Thomas (2007), Drugs of the Dreaming: Oneirogens: Salvia divinorum and Other Dream-Enhancing Plants, Park Street Press, ISBN 978-1-59477-174-3, https://www.amazon.com/Drugs-Dreaming-Oneirogens-divinorum-Dream-Enhancing/dp/product-description/159477174X
External links
 |
