Template:Table of MRI sequences

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This table does not include uncommon and experimental sequences.

Group Sequence Abbr. Physics Main clinical distinctions Example
Spin echo T1 weighted T1 Measuring spin–lattice relaxation by using a short repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE).

Standard foundation and comparison for other sequences

T1-weighted-MRI.png
T2 weighted T2 Measuring spin–spin relaxation by using long TR and TE times

Standard foundation and comparison for other sequences

Normal axial T2-weighted MR image of the brain.jpg
Proton density weighted PD Long TR (to reduce T1) and short TE (to minimize T2).[3] Joint disease and injury.[4] Proton density MRI of a grade 2 medial meniscal tear.jpg
Gradient echo (GRE) Steady-state free precession SSFP Maintenance of a steady, residual transverse magnetisation over successive cycles.[6] Creation of cardiac MRI videos (pictured).[6] Four chamber cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.gif
Effective T2
or "T2-star"		 T2* Postexcitation refocused GRE with small flip angle.[7] Low signal from hemosiderin deposits (pictured) and hemorrhages.[7] Effective T2-weighted MRI of hemosiderin deposits after subarachnoid hemorrhage.png
Inversion recovery Short tau inversion recovery STIR Fat suppression by setting an inversion time where the signal of fat is zero.[8] High signal in edema, such as in more severe stress fracture.[9] Shin splints pictured: Shinsplint-mri (crop).jpg
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery FLAIR Fluid suppression by setting an inversion time that nulls fluids High signal in lacunar infarction, multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques, subarachnoid haemorrhage and meningitis (pictured).[10] FLAIR MRI of meningitis.jpg
Double inversion recovery DIR Simultaneous suppression of cerebrospinal fluid and white matter by two inversion times.[11] High signal of multiple sclerosis plaques (pictured).[11] Axial DIR MRI of a brain with multiple sclerosis lesions.jpg
Diffusion weighted (DWI) Conventional DWI Measure of Brownian motion of water molecules.[12] High signal within minutes of cerebral infarction (pictured).[13] Cerebral infarction after 4 hours on DWI MRI.jpg
Apparent diffusion coefficient ADC Reduced T2 weighting by taking multiple conventional DWI images with different DWI weighting, and the change corresponds to diffusion.[14] Low signal minutes after cerebral infarction (pictured).[15] Cerebral infarction after 4 hours on ADC MRI.jpg
Diffusion tensor DTI Mainly tractography (pictured) by an overall greater Brownian motion of water molecules in the directions of nerve fibers.[16] White Matter Connections Obtained with MRI Tractography.png
Perfusion weighted (PWI) Dynamic susceptibility contrast DSC Gadolinium contrast is injected, and rapid repeated imaging (generally gradient-echo echo-planar T2 weighted) quantifies susceptibility-induced signal loss.[18] In cerebral infarction, the infarcted core and the penumbra have decreased perfusion (pictured).[19] Tmax by MRI perfusion in cerebral artery occlusion.jpg
Dynamic contrast enhanced DCE Measuring shortening of the spin–lattice relaxation (T1) induced by a gadolinium contrast bolus.[20]
Arterial spin labelling ASL Magnetic labeling of arterial blood below the imaging slab, which subsequently enters the region of interest.[21] It does not need gadolinium contrast.[22]
Functional MRI (fMRI) Blood-oxygen-level dependent imaging BOLD Changes in oxygen saturation-dependent magnetism of hemoglobin reflects tissue activity.[23] Localizing highly active brain areas before surgery, also used in research of cognition.[24] 1206 FMRI.jpg
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and venography Time-of-flight TOF Blood entering the imaged area is not yet magnetically saturated, giving it a much higher signal when using short echo time and flow compensation. Detection of aneurysm, stenosis, or dissection[25] Mra-mip.jpg
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging PC-MRA Two gradients with equal magnitude, but opposite direction, are used to encode a phase shift, which is proportional to the velocity of spins.[26] Detection of aneurysm, stenosis, or dissection (pictured).[25] Vastly undersampled Isotropic Projection Reconstruction (VIPR) Phase Contrast (PC) sequence MRI of arterial dissections.jpg
(VIPR)
Susceptibility-weighted SWI Sensitive for blood and calcium, by a fully flow compensated, long echo, gradient recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequence to exploit magnetic susceptibility differences between tissues Detecting small amounts of hemorrhage (diffuse axonal injury pictured) or calcium.[27] Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in diffuse axonal injury.jpg
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Magnetic Resonance Imaging". University of Wisconsin. https://www.radiology.wisc.edu/education/med_students/neuroradiology/NeuroRad/Intro/MRIintro.htm. Retrieved 2016-03-14. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Johnson, Keith A.. "Basic proton MR imaging. Tissue Signal Characteristics". Harvard Medical School. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000107/http://www.med.harvard.edu/aanlib/basicsMR.html. Retrieved 2016-03-14. 
  3. ↑ Principles and Applications of Radiological Physics E-Book (6 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2011-05-31. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-7020-4614-8. }
  4. ↑ "MRI sequences (overview)". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mri-sequences-overview. Retrieved 2017-01-13. 
  5. ↑ "A Current Review of the Meniscus Imaging: Proposition of a Useful Tool for Its Radiologic Analysis". Radiology Research and Practice 2016: 8329296. 2016. doi:10.1155/2016/8329296. PMID 27057352. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Steady-state free precession MRI". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/steady-state-free-precession-mri-2. Retrieved 2017-10-13. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Principles, techniques, and applications of T2*-based MR imaging and its special applications". Radiographics 29 (5): 1433–49. 2009. doi:10.1148/rg.295095034. PMID 19755604. 
  8. ↑ "Short tau inversion recovery". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/short-tau-inversion-recovery. Retrieved 2017-10-13. 
  9. ↑ "Stress fractures". Radiology Society of the Netherlands. http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p4615feaee7e0a/stress-fractures.html. Retrieved 2017-10-13. 
  10. ↑ "Fluid attenuation inversion recoveryg". http://radiopaedia.org/articles/fluid-attenuation-inversion-recovery. Retrieved 2015-12-03. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Double inversion recovery sequence". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/double-inversion-recovery-sequence. Retrieved 2017-10-13. 
  12. ↑ "Diffusion weighted imaging". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/diffusion-weighted-imaging-1. Retrieved 2017-10-13. 
  13. ↑ "Ischaemic stroke". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ischaemic-stroke. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
  14. ↑ Hammer, Mark. "MRI Physics: Diffusion-Weighted Imaging". http://xrayphysics.com/dwi.html#adc. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
  15. ↑ "Signal evolution and infarction risk for apparent diffusion coefficient lesions in acute ischemic stroke are both time- and perfusion-dependent". Stroke 42 (5): 1276–81. May 2011. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.610501. PMID 21454821. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Diffusion tensor imaging". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/diffusion-tensor-imaging. Retrieved 2017-10-13. 
  17. ↑ "Diffusion tensor imaging in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a review". Current Opinion in Neurology 21 (1): 83–92. February 2008. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f4594b. PMID 18180656. 
  18. ↑ "Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dynamic-susceptibility-contrast-dsc-mr-perfusion. Retrieved 2017-10-14. 
  19. ↑ "Magnetic resonance diffusion-perfusion mismatch in acute ischemic stroke: An update". World Journal of Radiology 4 (3): 63–74. March 2012. doi:10.4329/wjr.v4.i3.63. PMID 22468186. 
  20. ↑ "Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR perfusion". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dynamic-contrast-enhanced-dce-mr-perfusion-1. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
  21. ↑ "Arterial spin labeling". http://fmri.research.umich.edu/research/main_topics/asl.php. Retrieved 2017-10-27. 
  22. ↑ "Arterial spin labelling (ASL) MR perfusion". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/arterial-spin-labelling-asl-mr-perfusion-1. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
  23. ↑ Chou, I-han. "Milestone 19: (1990) Functional MRI". Nature. http://www.nature.com/milestones/milespin/full/milespin19.html. Retrieved 9 August 2013. 
  24. ↑ "Functional MRI". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/functional-mri. Retrieved 2017-10-16. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)". http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/cardiovascular/magnetic_resonance_angiography_mra_135,14. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
  26. ↑ "Phase contrast imaging". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/phase-contrast-imaging. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
  27. ↑ "Susceptibility weighted imaging". https://radiopaedia.org/articles/susceptibility-weighted-imaging-1. Retrieved 2017-10-15. 
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