Engineering:List of crewed lunar landers

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This is a list of designs for crewed lunar landers, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving a soft landing, and for an ascent stage to successfully escape the Moon's gravity. Another aspect is how many stages the design has to undergo to achieve its objective, and the number of passengers and amount of payload it can carry.

Name	Manufacturer	Operator (program and operational timeline)	Stages	Crew	Payload Mass	Status	Image
Altair	Northrop Grumman	NASA (Constellation, 2005–2009)	Descent, Ascent	4	14,500 kg (32,000 lb)	Canceled
Apollo Lunar Module	Grumman	NASA (Apollo, 1969–1972)	Descent, Ascent	2		Retired
Boeing Lunar Lander	Boeing	Boeing, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)	Descent, Ascent			Rejected	[1]
Chinese crewed lunar lander	CAST	CMSA (CLEP)	Descent propulsion stage, Lander/Ascent	2		Planned
Dynetics HLS	Dynetics	Dynetics, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)	Single-stage with drop tanks	2-4		Rejected	[2]
Blue Moon Mark 2	Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory	Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory, NASA	Transfer, Lander/Ascent	4		Planned	[3]
LK	RSC Energia/Yuzhnoye Design Office	Soviet Union (N1-L3, 1969-1974)	Descent, Ascent	1		Canceled
Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander	Lockheed Martin	Lockheed Martin, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present)	Single-stage	4	1,000 kg (2,200 lb)	Proposed	[4]
Starship	SpaceX	SpaceX	Single-stage			Planned	[5]
Starship HLS	SpaceX	NASA (Artemis, 2017–present), SpaceX	Single-stage	4	100–200 t (220,000–440,000 lb)	Planned	[6]
BIS Lunar Lander		British Interplanetary Society	Single-stage	3		Studies (1939, 1947)
Von Braun Lunar Lander		US (1977)	Single-stage with drop tanks	20	259 metric tons (with a crew of 10)	Study (1952)
Horizon LERV		US Army (Project Horizon, 1966)	Descent, Ascent	10 - 16	2,700 - 22,000 kg	Study (1959)
Lunex Lunar Lander		US Air Force (Lunex Project, 1967)	Descent, Ascent	3	20,500 kg	Study (1958–1961)
Gemini lunar lander		NASA Langley Research Center, (Project Gemini, 1963)	Single	1		Canceled
LEK		Soviet Union, (Zvezda Moon base, 1974)	Descent, Ascent, Reentry	3		Canceled
FLO Eagle lander		NASA (Space Exploration Initiative, 1992–93)	Descent, Ascent	4	5,000 kg	Canceled

See also

• Human spaceflight
• Astronomy:Lunar module – Lunar lander designed for human spaceflight

External links

• Lunar lander conceptual design