Astronomy:Lunar Orbiter 3
 Lunar Orbiter 3 image of the Moon, enhanced by LOIRP | |
| Mission type | Lunar orbiter |
|---|---|
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | 1967-008A |
| SATCAT no. | 2666 |
| Mission duration | 246 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Manufacturer | Langley Research Center |
| Launch mass | 385.6 kilograms (850 lb)[1] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | February 5, 1967, 01:17:01 UTC[1] |
| Rocket | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral Air Force Station LC-13 |
| End of mission | |
| Decay date | October 9, 1967 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Selenocentric |
| Semi-major axis | 2,694 kilometers (1,674 mi) |
| Eccentricity | 0.33 |
| Periselene altitude | 1,791 kilometers (1,113 mi) |
| Aposelene altitude | 3,598 kilometers (2,236 mi) |
| Inclination | 20.9 degrees |
| Period | 208.1 minutes |
| Epoch | February 7, 1967, 19:00:00 UTC[2] |
| Lunar orbiter | |
| Orbital insertion | February 8, 1967, 21:54 UTC |
| Impact site | [ ⚑ ] 14°18′N 97°42′W / 14.3°N 97.7°W |
| Orbits | 1,702 |
The Lunar Orbiter 3 was a spacecraft launched by NASA in 1967 as part of the Lunar Orbiter Program.[3] It was designed primarily to photograph areas of the lunar surface for confirmation of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions. It was also equipped to collect selenodetic, radiation intensity, and micrometeoroid impact data.
Mission summary
The spacecraft was placed in a cislunar trajectory and injected into an elliptical near-equatorial lunar orbit on February 8 at 21:54 UT. The orbit was 210.2 by 1,801.9 kilometres (130.6 mi × 1,119.6 mi) with an inclination of 20.9 degrees and a period of 3 hours 25 minutes. After four days (25 orbits) of tracking the orbit was changed to 55 by 1,847 kilometres (34 mi × 1,148 mi). The spacecraft acquired photographic data from February 15 to 23, 1967, and readout occurred through March 2, 1967. The film advance mechanism showed erratic behavior during this period resulting in a decision to begin readout of the frames earlier than planned. The frames were read out successfully until March 4 when the film advance motor burned out, leaving about 25% of the frames on the takeup reel, unable to be read.
A total of 149 medium resolution and 477 high resolution frames were returned.[4] The frames were of excellent quality with resolution down to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in). Included was a frame of the Surveyor 1 landing site, permitting identification of the location of the spacecraft on the surface. The future landing site of Apollo 14 including Cone crater, was photographed by the orbiter.[5] Accurate data were acquired from all other experiments throughout the mission.[6] The spacecraft was used for tracking purposes until it struck the lunar surface on command at 14.3 degrees N latitude, 97.7 degrees W longitude (selenographic coordinates) on October 9, 1967.
| Lunar Photographic Studies : | Evaluation of Apollo and Surveyor landing sites |
| Meteoroid Detectors : |
Detection of micrometeoroids in the lunar environment |
| Caesium Iodide Dosimeters : | Radiation environment en route to and near the Moon |
| Selenodesy : | Gravitational field and physical properties of the Moon |
See also
- Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project
- Exploration of the Moon
- Lunar Orbiter 1
- Lunar Orbiter 2
- Lunar Orbiter 4
- Lunar Orbiter 5
- List of artificial objects on the Moon
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Siddiqi, Asif (2018). Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016 (second ed.). NASA History Program Office. https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf.
- ↑ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Trajectory Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-008A.
- ↑ "Destination Moon: A history of the Lunar Orbiter Program". NASA. 1976. https://history.nasa.gov/TM-3487/contents.htm.
- ↑ "Lunar Orbiter Photo Gallery – Mission 3". Lunar and Planetary Institute. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunarorbiter/mission/?3.
- ↑ Apollo 14 Preliminary. Science Report, NASA Special Publication 272 (SP-272), 1971. Prepared by NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. Scientific and Technical information Office, Washington, D.C.
- ↑ Hansen, Thomas P.. "Guide to Lunar Orbiter Photographs". NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710026703/downloads/19710026703.pdf.
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