Earth:Lourinhã Formation
| Lourinhã Formation Stratigraphic range: late Kimmeridgian-earliest Berriasian ~152.5–144.7 Ma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Sub-units |
|
| Underlies | Porto da Calada Formation |
| Overlies | Consolação & Alcobaça Formations |
| Thickness | 200–1,100 metres (660–3,610 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, mudstone, marl |
| Other | Conglomerate, limestone |
| Location | |
| Region | Lisbon Region |
| Country |  Portugal |
| Extent | Lusitanian Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Lourinhã |
| Named by | Hill |
| Year defined | 1988 |
The Lourinhã Formation (Portuguese pronunciation: [loɾiˈɲɐ̃] (
listen)) is a fossil rich geological formation in western Portugal, named for the municipality of Lourinhã. The formation is mostly Late Jurassic in age (Kimmeridgian/Tithonian), with the top of the formation extending into the earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian). It is notable for containing a fauna especially similar to that of the Morrison Formation in the United States and a lesser extent to the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania. There are also similarities to the nearby Villar del Arzobispo Formation and Alcobaça Formation. The stratigraphy of the formation and the basin in general is complex and controversial, with the constituent member beds belonging to the formation varying between different authors.[1]
Besides the fossil bones, Lourinhã Formation is well known for the fossil tracks[2] and fossilized dinosaur eggs.[3]
The Lourinhã Formation includes several lithostratigraphic units, such as Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Members, Praia Azul Member, the Santa Rita Member, and the Assenta Member.[4]
Lithology and depositional history
Depositional history
The Lourinhã Formation is located within the Lusitanian Basin, a mostly onshore North South orientated rift basin within western Portugal, formed during the Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, with sediment deposition beginning during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. It primarily consists of syn-rift near-coastal continental siliciclastic sediments, with several marine intercalations. The primary flow direction was North to South, originating from Galicia and flowing between the Iberian landmass to the east and the now largely submerged Berlengas horst, a north–south oriented ridge, to the west.
Stratigraphy
The unit was first formally proposed by Hill in 1988.
The stratigraphy of the Lourinhã Formation is complex and varies between sub-basins with several competing stratigraphic proposals and there is currently no consensus on the matter, one of the most recent stratigraphies,[1] divides the formation into three members which are from oldest to youngest the Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member, Praia Azul Member, and the Assenta Member.
Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member
The Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member is composed of the Priaia de Amoreira Member, which consists of massive mudrock-sand with metre thick sandstone lenses, with massive mudrock with calcrete. The overlying Poto Novo Mb. consists of massive bodies of sandstone, often cross bedded. The environment of deposition is interpreted as a meandering fluvial system, while the Porto Novo Mb is interpreted as a deltaic deposit. It is interpreted to be latest Kimmeridgian in age, and overlies the Consolacao Unit at the top of the Aulacostephanus eudoxus ammonite zone.[1][5]
Praia Azul Member
The Praia Azul Member, formerly known as the Sobral unit/member is 80 to 130 metres thick and consists of tabular marls and mudstones, with rare sandstones bodies. There are three distinct laterally extensive (>20 km) thin shelly carbonate horizons within this member, indicating brief marine transgressions. South of Santa Cruz primarily consists of sandstone with rare conglomerate. The age is considered to be latest Kimmeridgian to earliest Tithonian, correlated to the ammonite zones of Hybonoticeras beckeri and Hybonoticeras hybonotum.[1][5]
Santa Rita Member + Assenta Member
The Santa Rita Member in the Consolação sub-basin and its lateral equivalent in the Turcifal Basin the Assenta Member is around 300 metres thick and predominantly consists of mudstones with frequent layers of caliche. Near the top of the member several layers of tens of metres thick nodular and marly bioclastic limestones are present, containing marine benthic forams, the nodularity is derived from intense Thalassinoides burrowing. It is predominately late Tithonian in age, with the last few metres probably being earliest Berriasian, with the top of the formation roughly correlative with the base of the magnetochron M18n. (~144.7 Ma)[6][1] The environment of deposition is interpreted as being an upper fluvial-dominated delta to meandering fluvial systems flowing on a paralic plain.
Fauna
Dinosaurs
In a 2003 study, an analysis of all Portuguese dinosaurs was published. The study created a cladogram showing the possible relations of all Portuguese dinosaurs, including those at the time known from the Lourinhã Formation.[7]
| Dinosauria |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Saurischia
Theropods
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abelisauridae indet.[8] | Intermediate[8] | Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[1] | Teeth; ML 966, Ml 327.[8] | Potentially diagnostic abelisaur teeth.[8] | |
|
A. europaeus[9] |
Praia Azul Member[1] |
Two specimens, covering much of the body.[11] |
Only European species of Allosaurus. |
||
|
A. fragilis[10] |
Praia Azul Member[1] |
Two specimens, covering much of the body.[11] |
Now thought to represent a specimen of A. europaeus.[9] |
||
|
Potentially a synonym of the type species, C. nasicornis. Sometimes referred to as C. sp., giving indication of possible distinctiveness or of being intermediate.[14] |
|||||
| Dendroolithidae[3] | Indeterminant | Fragments of multiple eggs in a clutch, with associated embryonic remains.[3] | Probably eggs of Torvosaurus.[3] | ||
| Lusovenator[15] | L. santosi[15] | Two partial postcranial skeletons.[15] | Earliest known Carcharodontosaurian from Laurasia.[15] | ||
| Praia Azul Member[16] |
Three individuals, one largely complete; over 100 eggs with significant amount of skeletal material.[16] |
Has come out in various places in the tree, erroneously said to be a megalosaur,[9] mostly accepted to be a carnosaur, probably allosauroid, or basal coelurosaur. Currently unstable on the tree.[16] |
|||
|
Megalosaurus[8] |
M. insignis[8] |
Teeth.[8] |
Invalid. Teeth belong to various other theropod taxa.[8] |
||
|
M. pombali[8] |
Teeth.[8] |
Invalid. Teeth belong to various other theropod taxa[8] |
|||
|
M. sp.[8] |
Tooth fragment.[8] |
Invalid; Dubious.[8] |
|||
|
R. aff. gilmorei[8] |
Tooth; ML 939[8] |
Only definite record of this taxon is from the Late Cretaceous of North America, despite erroneous and referrals from other sites in Portugal. Probably a close relative of Richardoestesia and not an actual representation of the taxon.[8] |
|||
|
T. gurneyi[17] |
Maxilla, Teeth, Femur; Egg clutch and embryos.[3][9][17][19] |
Largest known European theropod. Previous known as Portugal populations of the type species, or as T. sp., before description in early 2014.[17] |
|||
|
T. tanneri[17] |
Now described as a distinct species of Torvosaurus, T. gurneyi. Sometimes referred to as T. sp. in the past.[17] |
Sauropods
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Diplodocidae indet.[20] |
Intermediate[20] |
One Dorsal Vertebra[20] |
Regarded by Mannion et al. (2012) as being unique from Dinheirosaurus and possibly indicating another diplodocid in the formation, but being non-diagnostic it doesn't warrant description.[20] |
||
|
L. alenquerensis[21] |
Praia Azul Member | A partial postcranial skeleton. | Possibly a Camarasaurid Macronarian.[21] | ||
| Praia Azul Member |
Fragmentary material.[22] |
A large brachiosaur, a close relative of Brachiosaurus proper.[22] |
|||
| Oceanotitan | O. dantasi[24] | Praia da Amoreira-Porta Novo Member | scapula, almost all of the pelvis, a complete leg sans the toes, and nine caudals. | A titanosauriform | |
| D. lourinhanensis[25] | Praia da Amoreira-Porta Novo Member[25] | One specimen. Vertebrae; potentially other parts of the body.[25] | A diplodocid. Tschopp et al. (2015) sunk the genus into Supersaurus.[25] | ||
| Zby[14] | Z. atlanticus[14] | Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[14] | Holotype: Tooth, cervical neutral arch, forelimb, various other fragments.[14] | A turiasaur.[14] |
Ornithischia
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
T. cuneatus[7] |
Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[14] |
3 isolated teeth. | |||
|
A. kuehnei[7] |
Thyreophorans
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
D. armatus[26] |
A stegosaurid |  | |||
|
D. brodricki[27] |
Eleven tracks; Nine pes and two manus prints.[27] |
The tracks can be separated into three different morphologies, though all fall within range of theOrnithopodsociation of the pes and manus tracks to the same taxon cannot be directly supported. Preserve various well preserved skin impressions. Largest prints are larger than those from the type horizon. The tracks are individually represented and do not form any sort of trackway, thought one print is associated with giant ornithopod track,[28] potentially representing that the creatures were traveling together or were otherwise going to a similar location. Another is similarly associated with theropod and sauropod prints.[27] |
|||
| Dracopelta[7] | D. zbyszewskii[7] | Assenta Member | An ankylosaur. | ||
| Miragaia[26] | M. longicollum[26] | Holotype, neck, partial skull, forelimbs, ribs. Tentative juvenile specimen assigned to this taxon.[26] | Stegosaur with unusually long neck of 17 cervicals, with more neck vertebrae than most sauropods.[26] |  |
Ornithopods
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Intermediate[30] |
Limb material.[30] |
Now referred to its own genus, Draconyx, along with some other material.[30] |
|||
|
D. loureiroi[30] |
Praia Azul Member[31] |
one partial skeleton[31] |
 | ||
| Dryosauridae indet.[32] | Indeterminate | Praia Azul Member | appendicular, axial and cranial elements | ||
| Ankylopollexia indet.[32] | Indeterminate |
|
appendicular, axial and cranial elements | ||
|
D. sp.[7] |
Praia Azul Member |
||||
| Eousdryosaurus[33] | E. nanohallucis[33] | Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Formation[33] | A partial postcranial skeleton. | ||
|
Ornithopoda indet.[28] |
Intermediate[28] |
Single track.[28] |
Gigantic track indicating an ornithopod with a hip height of 2.5 meters. No known Jurassic Ornithopod reaches this size; only known evidence for such sizes in this group at the time. Found alongside Deltapodus print.[28] |
||
|
Phyllodon[7] |
P. henkelli.[7] |
2 teeth. |
Pterosaurs
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dsungaripteroidea indet.[34] | Indeterminate | Proximal right femur | |||
| Rhamphorhynchidae[35] | Indeterminate | Tooth | |||
| Lusognathus | L. almadrava | Skull and cervical vertebrae | Ctenochasmatid |  | |
| Pteraichnus[36] | Partial tracks |
Mammaliaformes
Docodonta
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Haldanodon expectatus |
Partial skeleton and isolated bones |
Semi-aquatic forager. |
Cladotheria
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nanolestes drescherae |
Right lower molar. |
Amphitheriidae; small omnivore or insectivore. | ||
|
Guimarotodus |
Guimarotodus inflatus |
Right mandible. |
Dryolestidae; insectivore or omnivore. | |
|
Krebsotherium |
Krebsotherium lusitanicum |
Left mandible. |
Dryolestidae; insectivore or omnivore. | |
|
Drescheratherium acutum |
Upper jaw. |
Paurodontidae; herbivore. |
Multituberculata
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuehneodon | K. hahni | A member of the family Paulchoffatiidae |
Amphibans
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtedens | Indeterminate | Porto Novo/Praia da Amoreira, Praia Azul | Frontal bones,[37] along with other parts of the skull and limbs[35] | An albanerpetontid. |
| Urodela[35] | Indeterminate | Atlas vertebra | A salamander, suggested to belong to Scapherpetontidae. | |
| "Discoglossidae"[35] | Indeterminate | Partial left humerus | A primitive frog |
Squamates
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paramacellodidae[35] | Indeterminate | Frontal and dentary bones | Scincomorph lizard |
Crocodyliformes
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ophiussasuchus | O. paimogonectes | Praia Azul Member | Partial skull | Goniopholidid | |
| Goniopholididae | Indeterminate | Teeth[38] and partial skeleton.[39] | An aquatic neosuchian | ||
| Bernissartiidae | Tooth[38] | ||||
| Lusitanisuchus | Teeth, and partial skull and jaw fragments[38] | A mesoeucrocodylian of uncertain placement | |||
| Atoposauridae | Teeth[38] |  | |||
| Mesoeucrocodylia | Teeth[38] | Distinct from Lusitanisuchus |
Fish
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hybodus[40] | H. cf. reticulatus | Teeth | A hybodontid shark | |
| Pycnodontiformes[35] | Indeterminate | |||
| Lepidotes sensu lato[35] | A ginglymodian | |||
| Caturus[35] | An amiiform |
Flora
| Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pterophyllum | P. mondeguensis[41] | Bennettitales leaf | |||
| Otozamites[1] | Bennettitales leaf | ||||
| Cupressinocladus[1] | Conifer leaves | ||||
| Protocupressinoxylon[42] | Conifer wood | ||||
| Prototaxoxylon[42] | |||||
| Classopollis[1] | Pollen of Cheirolepidiaceae conifers |
Correlation
See also
- Camadas de Alcobaça
- Camadas de Guimarota
- List of fossil sites
- Museu da Lourinhã
- List of dinosaur bearing rock formations
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Mateus, O.; Dinis, J.; Cunha, P. P. (2017-09-28). "The Lourinhã Formation: the Upper Jurassic to lower most Cretaceous of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal – landscapes where dinosaurs walked" (in en-US). Ciências da Terra / Earth Sciences Journal 19 (1): 75–97. doi:10.21695/cterra/esj.v19i1.355. ISSN 2183-4431. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320411961.
- ↑ Milàn, J; Christiansen, P; Mateus, O. "A three-dimensionally preserved sauropod manus impression from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal: implications for sauropod manus shape and locomotor mechanics". Kaupia 14: 47–52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40661917.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Araújo, R., Castanhinha R., Martins R. M. S., Mateus O., Hendrickx C., Beckmann F., Schell N., & Alves L. C. (2013). "Filling the gaps of dinosaur eggshell phylogeny: Late Jurassic Theropod clutch with embryos from Portugal". Scientific Reports 3: 1924. doi:10.1038/srep01924. PMID 23722524. PMC 3667465. Bibcode: 2013NatSR...3E1924A. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/araujo_et_al_2013_filling_the_gaps_of_dinosaur_eggshell_phylogeny_late_jurassic_theropod_clutch_with_embryos_from_portugal.pdf.
- ↑ Weishampel, David B. et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd ed., Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 545–549. ISBN:0-520-24209-2.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ogg, J. G.; Hinnov, L. A.; Huang, C. (2012-01-01), Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Schmitz, Mark D. et al., eds., "Chapter 26 - Jurassic" (in en), The Geologic Time Scale (Boston: Elsevier): pp. 731–791, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444594259000263, retrieved 2021-12-17
- ↑ Ogg, J. G. (2012-01-01), Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Schmitz, Mark D. et al., eds., "Chapter 5 - Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale" (in en), The Geologic Time Scale (Boston: Elsevier): pp. 85–113, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444594259000056, retrieved 2021-12-17
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 Antunes, M.T.; Mateus, O. (2003). "Dinosaurs of Portugal". Comptes Rendus Palevol 2 (1): 77–95. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(03)00003-4. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/antunes_mateus_2003_dinosaurs_of_portugal.pdf.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 Hendrickx, C., & Mateus O. (2014). "Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth". Zootaxa 3759: 1–74. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3759.1.1. PMID 24869965. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/abelisauridae-dinosauria-theropoda-late-jurassic-portugal-and-dentition-based-p.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Mateus, O., Walen A. and Antunes M. T. (2006). "The large theropod fauna of the Lourinhã Formation (Portugal) and its similarity to the Morrison Formation, with a description of a new species of Allosaurus". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36: 123–129. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/large-theropod-fauna-lourinha-formation-portugal-and-its-similarity-morrison-fo.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Malafaia, E.; Ortega, F.; Escaso, F.; Dantas, P.; Pimentel, N.; Gasulla, J. M.; Ribeiro, B.; Barriga, F. et al. (2010-12-10). "Vertebrate fauna at the Allosaurus fossil-site of Andrés (Upper Jurassic), Pombal, Portugal" (in en). Journal of Iberian Geology 36 (2): 193–204. doi:10.5209/rev_jige.2010.v36.n2.7. http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/JIGE/article/view/JIGE1010220193A.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Allosauruseuropaeus. archosaur.us
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Mateus, O. and Antunes M. T. (2000). Ceratosaurus sp. (Dinosauria: Theropoda) in the Late Jurassic of Portugal. Abstract volume of the 31st International Geological Congress. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- ↑ Malafaia, Elisabete; Ortega, Francisco; Escaso, Fernando; Silva, Bruno (2015-10-03). "New evidence of Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal". Historical Biology 27 (7): 938–946. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.915820.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 Mateus, O., Mannion P. D., & Upchurch P. (2014). "Zby atlanticus, a new turiasaurian sauropod (Dinosauria, Eusauropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (3): 618–634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.822875. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/zby-atlanticus-new-turiasaurian-sauropod-dinosauria-eusauropoda-late-jurassic-p.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Elisabete Malafaia; Pedro Mocho; Fernando Escaso; Francisco Ortega (2020). "A new carcharodontosaurian theropod from the Lusitanian Basin: evidence of allosauroid sympatry in the European Late Jurassic". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40: e1768106. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1768106.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Lourinhanosaurusantunesi. archosaur.us
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 Hendrickx, Christophe; Mateus, Octávio (2014). "Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp., the Largest Terrestrial Predator from Europe, and a Proposed Terminology of the Maxilla Anatomy in Nonavian Theropods". PLOS ONE 9 (3): e88905. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088905. PMID 24598585. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...988905H.
- ↑ Malafaia, E.; Mocho, P.; Escaso, F.; Ortega, F. (2017-03-01). "New data on the anatomy of Torvosaurus and other remains of megalosauroid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal" (in en). Journal of Iberian Geology 43 (1): 33–59. doi:10.1007/s41513-017-0003-9. ISSN 1886-7995.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Torvosaurusgurneyi. archosaur.us
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, Paul; Mateus, O.; Barnes, R.N.; Jones, M.E.H. (2012). "New information on the anatomy and systematic position of Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal, with a review of European diplodocoids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (3): 521–551. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.595432. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/mannion_et_al_2012_new_information_on_the_anatomy_and_systematic_position_of_dinheirosaurus_lourinhanensis_sauropoda_-_diplodocoidea_from_the_late_jurassic_of_portugal_with_a_review_of_european_diplodocoids.pdf.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Mocho, Pedro; Royo-Torres, Rafael; Ortega, Francisco (2014-04-01). "Phylogenetic reassessment of Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis, a basal Macronaria (Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (4): 875–916. doi:10.1111/zoj.12113. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260419725.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Barnes, Rosie N.; Mateus, Octávio (2013). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/mannion_et_al_2013_sauropod_lusotitan_portugal.pdf.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Mocho, P.; Royo-Torres, R.; Ortega, F. (2016-11-03). "New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic)". Historical Biology 29 (6): 789–817. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1247447. ISSN 0891-2963.
- ↑ Mocho, Pedro; Royo-Torres, Rafael; Ortega, Francisco (2019). "A new macronarian sauropod from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1578782: e1578782. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1578782.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O. V.; Benson, R. B. J. (2015). "A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)". PeerJ 3: e857. doi:10.7717/peerj.857. PMID 25870766.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 Mateus, O., Maidment S., & Christiansen N. (2009). "A new long-necked 'sauropod-mimic' stegosaur and the evolution of the plated dinosaurs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 (1663): 1815–21. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1909. PMID 19324778. PMC 2674496. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/new-long-necked-sauropod-mimic-stegosaur-and-evolution-plated-dinosaurs.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Mateus, O., Milàn J., Romano M., & Whyte M. A. (2011). "New finds of stegosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation, Portugal". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (3): 651–658. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0055. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/new-finds-stegosaur-tracks-upper-jurassic-lourinha-formation-portugal.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 Mateus, O., & Milan J. (2008). "Ichnological evidence for giant ornithopod dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation, Portugal". Oryctos 8: 47–52. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/ichnological-evidence-giant-ornithopod-dinosaurs-upper-jurassic-lourinha-format.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Costa, Francisco; Mateus, Octávio (2019-11-13). "Dacentrurine stegosaurs (Dinosauria): A new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America". PLOS ONE 14 (11): e0224263. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224263. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 31721771. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1424263C.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 Mateus, O., & Antunes T. M. (2001). "Draconyx loureiroi, a new camptosauridae (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Late Jurassic of Lourinhã, Portugal". Annales de Paléontologie 87: 61–73. doi:10.1016/s0753-3969(01)88003-4. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/draconyx-loureiroi-new-camptosauridae-dinosauria-ornithopoda-late-jurassic-lour.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Rotatori, Filippo Maria; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel; Mateus, Octávio (2022-05-07). "Reappraisal and new material of the holotype of Draconyx loureiroi (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) provide insights on the tempo and modo of evolution of thumb-spiked dinosaurs" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (1): 125–156. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab113. ISSN 0024-4082. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/125/6535466.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Rotatori, Filippo Maria; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel; Mateus, Octávio (2020). "New information on ornithopod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Portugal". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65. doi:10.4202/app.00661.2019. ISSN 0567-7920. http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00661.2019.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Escaso, Fernando; Ortega, Francisco; Dantas, Pedro; Malafaia, Elisabete; Silva, Bruno; Gasulla, José M.; Mocho, Pedro; Narváez, Iván et al. (2014-07-29). "A new dryosaurid ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (5): 1102–1112. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.849715.
- ↑ Bertozzo, Filippo; Camilo da Silva, Bruno; Martill, David; Vorderwuelbecke, Elsa; Aureliano, Tito; Schouten, Remmert; Aquino, Pedro (2021). "A large pterosaur femur from the Upper Jurassic (Lusitanian Basin) of Portugal" (in en). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66. doi:10.4202/app.00858.2020. ISSN 0567-7920. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00858.2020.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 35.7 Guillaume, Alexandre Renaud Daniel Microvertebrates of the Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Portugal) (2018) PhD thesis https://run.unl.pt/handle/10362/58236
- ↑ Mateus (2010). "First records of crocodyle and pterosaur tracks in the Upper Jurassic of Portugal.". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 51: 83–87. https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/first-records-crocodyle-and-pterosaur-tracks-upper-jurassic-portugal?page=1.
- ↑ Guillaume, Alexandre R. D.; Natário, Carlos; Mateus, Octávio; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel (2023-04-03). "Plasticity in the morphology of the fused frontals of Albanerpetontidae (Lissamphibia; Allocaudata)" (in en). Historical Biology 35 (4): 537–554. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2054712. ISSN 0891-2963. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2022.2054712.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 Guillaume, Alexandre R D; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel; Puértolas-Pascual, Eduardo; Mateus, Octávio (2020-06-11). "Palaeobiodiversity of crocodylomorphs from the Lourinhã Formation based on the tooth record: insights into the palaeoecology of the Late Jurassic of Portugal" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189 (2): 549–583. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz112. ISSN 0024-4082. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/189/2/549/5648910.
- ↑ Puértolas-Pascual, E; Mateus, O (2020-06-11). "A three-dimensional skeleton of Goniopholididae from the Late Jurassic of Portugal: implications for the Crocodylomorpha bracing system" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189 (2): 521–548. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz102. ISSN 0024-4082. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/189/2/521/5610606.
- ↑ Costa, B. L. P.; Camilo, B.; Antunes, Miguel Telles; Balbino, A. C. (2021). "The hybodontiform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii) from the Upper Jurassic of Torres Vedras, Portugal". Comunicações Geológicas. doi:10.34637/RX8A-5283. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.9/3830.
- ↑ J. Pais Upper Jurassic Plants from Cabo Mondego (Portugal) Separata do Boletim da Sociedade Geologica da Portugala, 19 (1974), pp. 19-45
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Gowland, Stuart; Taylor, Andrew M.; Martinius, Allard W. (February 2018). Fielding, Chris. ed. "Integrated sedimentology and ichnology of Late Jurassic fluvial point‐bars – facies architecture and colonization styles (Lourinhã Formation, Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal)" (in en). Sedimentology 65 (2): 400–430. doi:10.1111/sed.12385. ISSN 0037-0746. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.12385.
Bibliography
- Antunes, M.T. and Mateus, O. (2003). Dinosaurs of Portugal. C. R. Palevol, 2:77–95
- Mateus, O. (2006). "Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation, the Lourinhã and Alcobaça Formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison," in Foster, J.R. and Lucas, S. G. R.M., eds., 2006, "Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation." New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36
- Mateus, O (2007). "Notes and review of the ornithischian dinosaurs of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 1–182. doi:10.1080/02724634.2007.10010458.
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