Earth:Lourinhã Formation

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Lourinhã Formation
Stratigraphic range: Kimmeridgian-Tithonian
~152.5–146.5 Ma
Template:Period fossil range
TypeGeological formation
Sub-units
  • Consolação Sub-Basin – Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member, Praia Azul Member, Santa Rita Member
  • Turcifal Sub-Basin – Assenta Member
UnderliesPorto da Calada Formation
OverliesConsolação and Alcobaça formations
Thickness200–1,100 metres (660–3,610 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, mudstone, marl
OtherConglomerate, limestone
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 39°14′N 9°19′W / 39.23°N 9.32°W / 39.23; -9.32
RegionLisbon Region
CountryPortugal
ExtentLusitanian Basin
Type section
Named forLourinhã
Named byHill
Year defined1988
Lourinhã Formation is located in Portugal
Lourinhã Formation
Lourinhã Formation (Portugal)

The Lourinhã Formation (pt) is a fossil-rich geological formation in western Portugal, named for the municipality of Lourinhã. The formation is mostly Late Jurassic in age (Kimmeridgian/Tithonian).[1] It is notable for containing a fauna especially similar to that of the Morrison Formation in the United States and to a lesser extent to the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania. There are also similarities to the nearby Villar del Arzobispo Formation and Alcobaça Formation. Besides the fossil bones, Lourinhã Formation is also well known for the fossil tracks and fossilized dinosaur eggs.[2][3]

The Lourinhã Formation includes several lithostratigraphic units, such as Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Members, Praia Azul Member, the Santa Rita Member, and the Assenta Member.[4] The stratigraphy of the formation is complex and controversial, with the constituent member beds belonging to the formation varying between different authors.[1]

Lithology and depositional history

Depositional history

Location of the Lusitanian basin within the Iberian Peninsula

The Lourinhã Formation is located within the Lusitanian Basin, a mostly onshore North South orientated rift basin within western Portugal, formed during the Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, with sediment deposition beginning during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. It primarily consists of syn-rift near-coastal continental siliciclastic sediments, with several marine intercalations. The primary flow direction was North to South, originating from Galicia and flowing between the Iberian landmass to the east and the now largely submerged Berlengas horst, a north–south oriented ridge, to the west.

The Lourinha Formation is interpreted as being an island, separated from North America and the rest of Europe by marine barriers.[5] The paleoclimate is interpreted as being semi arid, with less than 50 cm (20 in) of annual precipitation and an average annual temperature of 16–19 °C.[1] It is interpreted as having a variety of different habitats, including deltas, coastal plains and open woodlands.[6][1]

Stratigraphy

The unit was first formally proposed by Hill in 1988.

The stratigraphy of the Lourinhã Formation is complex and varies between sub-basins with several competing stratigraphic proposals, and there is currently no consensus on the matter. One of the most recent stratigraphies [1] divides the formation into three members, from oldest to youngest: the Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member, Praia Azul Member, and the Assenta Member.

The age of the Lourinha formation has been regarded as Kimmeridgian to Tithonian.[1] The age of the overlying Alcobaca Formation has been determined to be 152.5 mya at the point of contact with Lourinha.[7] The overlying and intefingering Freixial Formation has been dated through magnetostratigraphy to 150.8 to 146.5 mya.[8] Therefore, the age of the Lourinha formation is between 152.5 and 146.5 mya. The Alcobaça Formation has been regarded as Pro parte with the Lourinha Formation, meaning they are partially time equivalent.[7]

Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member

The Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member is composed of the Praia de Amoreira Member, which consists of massive mudrock-sand with metre-thick sandstone lenses, with massive mudrock with calcrete. The overlying Porto Novo Mb. consists of massive bodies of sandstone, often cross bedded. The environment of deposition is interpreted as a meandering fluvial system, while the Porto Novo Mb is interpreted as a deltaic deposit. It is interpreted to be latest Kimmeridgian in age, and overlies the Consolacao Unit at the top of the Aulacostephanus eudoxus ammonite zone.[1][9] The continental facies of the Porto Novo Member intersperse into the Praia Azul Member and transition vertically and laterally into each other.[10] At Vale Pombas at least 2 tongues of the Porto Novo Member are interspersed with 2 tongues of the Praia Azul Member.[10] At Porto Dinheiro, the continental fluvial environment at the top of Porto Novo Member shows tidal influence, possible evidence of interaction with the coastal ecosystem of the Praia Azul Member.[11][12] In the region from Paimogo to Areia Branca the overlaying deposits of the Praia Azul Member correspond to the upper Porto Novo Member in that section, implying they intercalate.[1] These details indicate the Praia Azul and Porto Novo members represent laterally equivalent environments deposited simultaneously in adjacent, shifting, and laterally migrating sedimentary environments.

Praia Azul Member

The Praia Azul Member, formerly known as the Sobral unit/member, is 80–130 m (260–430 ft) thick and consists of tabular marls and mudstones, with rare sandstone bodies. There are three distinct laterally extensive (>20 km (12 mi)) thin shelly carbonate horizons within this member, indicating brief marine transgressions. South of Santa Cruz primarily consists of sandstone with rare conglomerate. The age is considered to be latest Kimmeridgian to earliest Tithonian, correlated to the ammonite zones of Hybonoticeras beckeri and Hybonoticeras hybonotum.[1][9]

Santa Rita and Assenta members

The Santa Rita Member in the Consolação sub-basin and its lateral equivalent in the Turcifal Basin, the Assenta Member, is around 300 m (980 ft) thick and predominantly consists of mudstones with frequent layers of caliche. Near the top of the member, several layers of tens of metres thick nodular and marly bioclastic limestones are present, containing marine benthic forams. The nodularity is derived from intense Thalassinoides burrowing. It was originally interpreted as being Tithonian in age, but reinterpretation of the magnetostraitgraphic data now places it in the Upper Kimmeridgian to Lower Tithonian.[1][8] The environment of deposition is interpreted as being an upper fluvial-dominated delta to meandering fluvial systems flowing on a paralic plain. The Assenta Member is thought to represent the upper delta-plain and fluvial domain of the Praia Azul Member.[10]

Fauna

Dinosaurs

In a 2003 study, an analysis of all Portuguese dinosaurs was published. The study created a cladogram showing the possible relations of all Portuguese dinosaurs, including those at the time known from the Lourinhã Formation.[13]

Dinosauria
Ornithischia
Thyreophora
 

Lusitanosaurus

 
Eurypoda
 

Dacentrurus

 
 

Dracopelta

 
 
 
Ornithopoda
"Fabrosaurids"
 

Alocodon

 
 

Trimucrodon

 
 

Taveirosaurus

 
 
Euornithopoda
Hypsilophodontidae
 

Hypsilophodon

 
 

Phyllodon

 
 
Ankylopollexia
 

Dryosaurus

 
 
 

Draconyx

 
 

Camptosaurus

 
 
 
 
 
 
Saurischia
Sauropoda
 

Dinheirosaurus

 
Macronaria
 

Lourinhasaurus

 
 
 

Pleurocoelus

 
 

Lusotitan

 
 
 
 
Theropoda
 

Ceratosaurus

 
Tetanurae
 

Torvosaurus

 
 
 

Lourinhanosaurus

 
 
 

Allosaurus

 
Coelurosauria
 

Compsognathus

 
 
 

Stokesosaurus

 
Maniraptora
 

Richardoestesia

 
 
 
 

Euronychodon

 
 

Paronychodon

 
 
 

Aves

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ornithischia

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Ornithopods
Genus Species Member Material Notes Images
Ankylopollexia indet.[14] Indeterminate
  • Praia Azul Member
  • Santa Rita Member
  • Praia de Armoreia-Porto Novo member
 Appendicular, axial, and cranial elements The remains from Porto Novo pertain to a large ankylopollexian.[15] Some of the material was previously referred to Uteodon.[14][15]

The dorsal vertebrae and scapula from Praia Azul are larger than most ankylopollexian material from Lourinha, similar in size to Camptosaurus sp.[14]

Camptosaurus[16]

Intermediate[16]

Limb material[16]

Now referred to its own genus, Draconyx, along with some other material.[16]

Draconyx[16]

D. loureiroi[16]

Praia Azul Member[17]

A partial skeleton including teeth, caudal vertebrae, a chevron, a partial forelimb, and a partial right hindlimb[17]

An ankylopollexian
Dryosauridae indet.[14] Indeterminate Praia Azul Member

Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member

Appendicular, axial, and cranial elements Various remains of indeterminate dryosaurids.
Eousdryosaurus[18] E. nanohallucis[18] Praia Azul Member[19] A partial postcranial skeleton. A basal iguanodontian ornithopod.
Hesperonyx[11] H. martinhotomasorum Porto Novo Member Bones from the forelimbs and hindlimbs A dryomorphan iguanodontian with uncertain affinities

Ornithopoda indet.[20]

Intermediate[20]

Praia Azul Member[21]

A single track[20]

Gigantic track indicating an ornithopod with a hip height of 2.8 metres (9.2 ft).[5] No known Jurassic Ornithopod reaches this size; the only known evidence for such sizes in this group is at the time. Found alongside the Deltapodus print.[20]

Phyllodon[13]

P. henkelli.[13]

Two teeth
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Thyreophorans
Genus Species Member Material Notes Images

Dacentrurus[22]

D. sp.[23]

  • Santa Rita Member[23]
  • Praia Azul Member[23]
  • Praia de Armoreia-Porto Novo Member[23]
 A specimen consists of a collection of skeletal remains consisting of a nearly complete dorsal vertebra, three dorsal vertebral centra, nine dorsal neural arch fragments, an incomplete sacrum that preserves only four sacral vertebrae, two sacral ribs, fragments of the dorsal sacral plate, the anterior process of the right pubis, and numerous fragmentary remains belonging to the dermal armor, in addition to several indeterminate fragments. A stegosaurid; material referred to Miragaia may belong to this taxon. Fossils from Lourinha come from a particularly large animal.[23] Maidment et al. regard the material of Dacentrurus from Lourinha as diagnostic to the genus level.[23]
Dacentrurus armatus

Deltapodus[24]

D. brodricki[24]

Eleven tracks; Nine pes and two manus prints.[24]

The tracks can be separated into three different morphologies. However, all fall within the range of the ornithopod association of the pes and manus tracks to the same taxon, cannot be directly supported. Preserve various well-preserved skin impressions. The largest prints are larger than those from the type horizon. The tracks are individually represented and do not form any sort of trackway, though one print is associated with a giant ornithopod track,[20] potentially representing that the creatures were traveling together or were otherwise going to a similar location. Another is similarly associated with theropod and sauropod prints.[24]

Dracopelta[13] D. zbyszewskii[13] Assenta Member An ankylosaur.
Miragaia[25] M. longicollum[25]
  • Praia da Armoreira Porto Novo Member[26]
  • Santa Rita Member[23]
  • Praia Azul Member[23][27]
 Holotype, neck, partial skull, forelimbs, ribs. Tentative juvenile specimen assigned to this taxon.[25]
Stegosaurus S. cf. ungulatus[28][29] Partial skeleton It was discovered in the Casal Novo locality which was originally interpreted as coming from the Alcobaça Formation,[28] but recent studies reassign the locality to the Lourinha Formation.[30][31]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Other ornithischians
Genus Species Member Material Notes Images

Alocodon[13]

A. kuehnei[13]

Trimucrodon[13]

T. cuneatus[13]

Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[32]

Three isolated teeth

Saurischia

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Sauropods
Genus Species Member Material Notes Images

Dinheirosaurus[33]

D. lourinhanensis[33] Praia da Amoreira-Porta Novo Member[33]

Praia Azul Member[27]

One specimen. Vertebrae; potentially other parts of the body.[33] A diplodocid. Tschopp et al. (2015) sunk the genus into Supersaurus.[33] Found at the top of the Porto Novo Member.[19]

Diplodocidae indet.

Intermediate

Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[19]

Praia Azul Member [34][35]

Variety of skeletal remains

Remains of various indeterminate diplodocid specimens. Some are regarded as distinct taxa from Dinheirosaurus,[19] and one is regarded as a close relative of Diplodocus.[36] The unnamed diplodocine related to Diplodocus is also known from the Freixial Formation.[19][37]

Flagellicaudata indet. Indeterminate Praia Azul Member[38] Teeth; ML 2784 Teeth from an indeterminate flagellicaudatan, possibly a diplodocid. The tooth from the Praia Azul Member has a dental morphology similar to that reported from juvenile diplodocines.[38][39]

Lourinhasaurus[40]

L. alenquerensis[40]

Praia Azul Member

Praia de Armoreia-Porto Novo Member[27]

A partial postcranial skeleton Possibly a camarasaurid macronarian.[40] Possible specimens include SHN 002 from the Praia de Armoreia-Porto Novo Member.[19]

Lusotitan[41][42]

L. atalaiensis[41][42]

Praia Azul Member

Praia de Armoreia-Porto Novo Member[27]

Fragmentary material[41]

A large brachiosaurid; a close relative of Brachiosaurus[41]

Oceanotitan O. dantasi[43] Praia da Amoreira-Porta Novo Member scapula, almost all of the pelvis, a complete leg sans the toes, and nine caudals. A titanosauriform
Sauropoda indet. Indeterminate Praia da Amoreira-Porta Novo Member[44] Footprints Large footprints, possibly from a brachiosaurid or diplodocid
Turiasauria indet. Indeterminate Praia Azul Member [19]

Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[38]

Teeth Teeth referred to indeterminate turiasaurs. Possibly from Zby.
Zby[32] Z. atlanticus[32] Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[32] Tooth, cervical neutral arch, forelimb, various other fragments[32] A turiasaur[32]
Losillasaurus L. giganteus Amoreira-Porto Novo Member Caudal Vertebrae A giant turiasaur.[45]
Theropods
Genus Species Member Material Notes Images
Abelisauridae indet.[46] Intermediate[46] Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[1] Teeth; ML 966, Ml 327.[46] Potentially diagnostic abelisaur teeth[46] but these may represent allosauroid teeth instead.[47]

Allosaurus[48][49]

A. europaeus[48]

Praia Azul Member[1]

Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[50]

Two specimens, covering much of the body.[51]

Only European species of Allosaurus.

A. fragilis[49]

Praia Azul Member[1]

Two specimens, covering much of the body.[51]

Now thought to represent a specimen of A. europaeus.[48]

Ceratosaurus[48][52][53]

C. sp.[48][52]

Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[48][52][32]

Praia Azul Member[54][55]

Four specimens; teeth, a femur.[48][52]

Potentially a synonym of the type species, C. nasicornis. Sometimes referred to as C. sp., giving indication of possible distinctiveness or of being intermediate.[32] Remains also known from the Praia Azul Member. Remains come from Porto das Barcas, considered part of the Sobral Fm/Praia Azul Member.[19][56][1]

Ceratosaurus nasicornis
Dendroolithidae indet.[3] Indeterminate Fragments of multiple eggs in a clutch, with associated embryonic remains.[3] Probably eggs of Torvosaurus.[3]
Dromaeosauridae? indet. Indeterminate Praia Azul Member[57] Teeth Teeth pertaining to a possible dromaeosaur.
Elaphrosaurinae indet. Indeterminate Praia da Armoreia de-Porto Novo Member ML 2050; skeletal remains An indeterminate elaphrosaurine closely related to Elaphrosaurus.[58]

Lourinhanosaurus[13][59]

L. antunesi[13][59]

Praia Azul Member[59]

Three individuals, one largely complete; over 100 eggs with significant amount of skeletal material.[59]

Has come out in various places in the tree, erroneously said to be a megalosaur,[48] mostly accepted to be a carnosaur, probably allosauroid, or basal coelurosaur. Currently unstable on the tree.[59]

Lusovenator[60] L. santosi[60]
  • Praia de Amoreira Member[60]
 A partial postcranial skeleton[60] Earliest known carcharodontosaurian from Laurasia; also known from the Freixial Formation.[60]
Megalosauroidea indet. Indeterminate Praia da Armoreia de-Porto Novo Member[61]

Praia Azul Member [61]

Teeth Interpreted as being a non-megalosaurid megalosauroid, potentially related to Marshosaurus.[61]

Megalosaurus[46]

M. insignis[46]

Teeth.[46]

Invalid. Teeth belong to various other theropod taxa.[46]

M. pombali[46]

Teeth.[46]

Invalid. Teeth belong to various other theropod taxa[46]

M. sp.[46]

Tooth fragment.[46]

Invalid; Dubious.[46]

Richardoestesia[46]

R. aff. gilmorei[46]

Tooth; ML 939[46]

Only definite record of this taxon is from the Late Cretaceous of North America, despite erroneous and referrals from other sites in Portugal. Probably a close relative of Richardoestesia and not an actual representation of the taxon.[46]

Torvosaurus[48][62]

T. gurneyi[62]

  • Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member[62]
  • Praia Azul Member[63][64]

Maxilla, Teeth, Femur; Egg clutch and embryos.[3][48][62][65]

Largest known European theropod. Previous known as Portugal populations of the type species, or as T. sp., before description in early 2014.[62]

Torvosaurus tanneri
Tyrannosauroidea indet.[66] Indeterminate Praia da Armoreia de-Porto Novo Member[66]

Praia Azul Member[66]

Teeth Teeth referred to an Indeterminate tyrannosauroid.[66]

Pterosaurs

Genus Species Member Material Notes Images
Dsungaripteroidea indet.[67] Indeterminate Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member Proximal right femur A very large femur of a basal dsungaripteroid
Rhamphorhynchidae indet.[68] Indeterminate Tooth
Lusognathus L. almadrava Praia Azul Member[69] Skull and cervical vertebrae A Ctenochasmatid pterosaur
Pteraichnus[70] Partial tracks

Mammaliaformes

Docodonta

Genus Species Member Material Notes

Haldanodon

H. expectatus

Partial skeleton and isolated bones

Semi-aquatic docodont

Cladotheria

Genus Species Member Material Notes

Drescheratherium

D. acutum

Upper jaw.

Paurodontidae; herbivore.

Guimarotodus

G. inflatus

Right mandible.

Dryolestidae; insectivore or omnivore.

Krebsotherium

K. lusitanicum

Left mandible.

Dryolestidae; insectivore or omnivore.

Nanolestes

N. drescherae

Right lower molar.

Amphitheriidae; small omnivore or insectivore.

Multituberculata

Genus Species Member Material Notes
Kuehneodon K. hahni A member of the family Paulchoffatiidae

Amphibians

Genus Species Member Material Notes
Celtedens C. sp. Porto Novo/Praia da Amoreira, Praia Azul Frontal bones,[71] along with other parts of the skull and limbs[68] An albanerpetontid
"Discoglossidae" indet.[68] Indeterminate Partial left humerus A primitive frog
Nabia[72] civiscientrix Porto Novo/Praia da Amoreira, Praia Azul. 468 bones including skull, vertebral, and limb elements. An albanerpetontid
Urodela indet.[68] Indeterminate Atlas vertebra A salamander, suggested to belong to Scapherpetontidae.

Squamates

Genus Species Member Material Notes
Paramacellodidae[68] Indeterminate Frontal and dentary bones Scincomorph lizard

Crocodyliformes

Genus Species Member Material Notes Images
Atoposauridae indet. Indeterminate Partial skull table and braincase[73]
Teeth[74]
Bernissartiidae indet. Indeterminate Tooth[74]
Goniopholididae indet. Indeterminate Teeth[74] and partial skeleton.[75] An aquatic neosuchian
Lusitanisuchus L. mitracostatus Teeth, and partial skull and jaw fragments[74] A mesoeucrocodylian of uncertain placement
Machimosaurus M. hugii Praia Azul Member Isolated teeth[76] A large thalattosuchian crocodylomorph. Widespread, only found in the Praia Azul Member due to the area's marine deposits.
Mesoeucrocodylia indet. Indeterminate Teeth[74] Distinct from Lusitanisuchus
Ophiussasuchus O. paimogonectes Praia Azul Member Partial skull Goniopholidid

Plesiosauria

Genus Species Member Material Notes
Plesiosauria indet.[77] Indeterminate Vertebra (ML813)

Fish

Genus Species Member Material Notes
Caturus[68] C. sp. An amiiform
Hybodus[78] H. cf. reticulatus Teeth A hybodontid shark
Lepidotes sensu lato[68] L. s. l. A ginglymodian
Pycnodontiformes indet.[68] Indeterminate

Flora

Genus Species Member Material Notes Images
Classopollis[1] Pollen of Cheirolepidiaceae conifers
Cupressinocladus[1] Conifer leaves
Protocupressinoxylon[79] Conifer wood
Prototaxoxylon[79]
Pterophyllum P. mondeguensis[80] Bennettitales leaf
Otozamites[1] Bennettitales leaf

Correlation

Template:Early Cretaceous stratigraphy of Iberia

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 Mateus, O.; Dinis, J.; Cunha, P. P. (2017-09-28). "The Lourinhã Formation: the Upper Jurassic to lower most Cretaceous of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal – landscapes where dinosaurs walked" (in en-US). Ciências da Terra / Earth Sciences Journal 19 (1): 75–97. doi:10.21695/cterra/esj.v19i1.355. ISSN 2183-4431. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320411961. 
  2. ↑ Milàn, J; Christiansen, P; Mateus, O. "A three-dimensionally preserved sauropod manus impression from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal: implications for sauropod manus shape and locomotor mechanics". Kaupia 14: 47–52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40661917. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Araújo, R., Castanhinha R., Martins R. M. S., Mateus O., Hendrickx C., Beckmann F., Schell N., & Alves L. C. (2013). "Filling the gaps of dinosaur eggshell phylogeny: Late Jurassic Theropod clutch with embryos from Portugal". Scientific Reports 3. doi:10.1038/srep01924. PMID 23722524. PMC 3667465. Bibcode: 2013NatSR...3.1924A. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/araujo_et_al_2013_filling_the_gaps_of_dinosaur_eggshell_phylogeny_late_jurassic_theropod_clutch_with_embryos_from_portugal.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Weishampel, David B. et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd ed., Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 545–549. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison formation (USA), the Lourinha and Alcobaca Formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison" (in en). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40662981. 
  6. ↑ Paul, Gregory (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs: Second Edition (2nd ed.). Princeton University. pp. 84. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Pierce, Colm (2022). "Life at the continental–marine interface: palaeoenvironments and biota of the Alcobaça Formation (Late Jurassic, Central Portugal), with a formal definition of the unit appended". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 102 (2): 265–329. doi:10.1007/S12549-021-00496-X. Bibcode: 2022PdPe..102..265F. https://www.academia.edu/55876598. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Carvalho, Victor F.; Camilo, Bruno; Araújo, Ricardo; Castro, Lígia; Kullberg, José C.; Desmet, Hilde G. B.; Nerinckx, Ignace; Leite, Marco et al. (March 2025). "Cambelodon torreensis, a new pinheirodontid multituberculate from the Upper Jurassic of western Portugal" (in en). Papers in Palaeontology 11 (2). doi:10.1002/spp2.70012. ISSN 2056-2799. Bibcode: 2025PPal...11OA.R2C. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.70012. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ogg, J. G.; Hinnov, L. A.; Huang, C. (2012-01-01), "Chapter 26 – Jurassic", in Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Schmitz, Mark D. et al. (in en), The Geologic Time Scale, Boston: Elsevier, pp. 731–791, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444594259000263, retrieved 2021-12-17 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Ezquerro, L.; Coimbra, R.; Bauluz, B.; Núñez-Lahuerta, C.; Román-Berdiel, T.; Moreno-Azanza, M. (2024-09-01). "Large dinosaur egg accumulations and their significance for understanding nesting behaviour". Geoscience Frontiers 15 (5). doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101872. ISSN 1674-9871. Bibcode: 2024GeoFr..1501872E. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987124000963. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Rotatori, F. M.; Ferrari, L.; Sequero, C.; Camilo, B.; Mateus, O.; Moreno-Azanza, M. (2024). "An unexpected early-diverging iguanodontian dinosaur (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 43 (4): e2310066. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2310066. 
  12. ↑ Ribeiro, Cátia; Mateus, Octávio (2018). "Stratigraphic position of the Late Jurassic tetrapods from Porto Dinheiro (Lourinhã, Portugal)". ResearchGate. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.13524.65929. https://www.researchgate.net/doi/10.13140/RG.2.2.13524.65929. 
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 Antunes, M.T.; Mateus, O. (2003). "Dinosaurs of Portugal". Comptes Rendus Palevol 2 (1): 77–95. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(03)00003-4. Bibcode: 2003CRPal...2...77A. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/antunes_mateus_2003_dinosaurs_of_portugal.pdf. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Rotatori, Filippo Maria; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel; Mateus, Octávio (2020). "New information on ornithopod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Portugal". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65. doi:10.4202/app.00661.2019. ISSN 0567-7920. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Rotatori, Filippo Maria; Escaso, Fernando; Camilo, Bruno; Bertozzo, Filippo; Malafaia, Elisabete; Mateus, Octávio; Mocho, Pedro; Ortega, Francisco et al. (2025-12-31). "Evidence of large-sized ankylopollexian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) in the Upper Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 23 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2470789. ISSN 1477-2019. Bibcode: 2025JSPal..2370789R. http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/164987. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Mateus, O., & Antunes T. M. (2001). "Draconyx loureiroi, a new camptosauridae (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Late Jurassic of Lourinhã, Portugal". Annales de Paléontologie 87 (1): 61–73. doi:10.1016/s0753-3969(01)88003-4. Bibcode: 2001AnPal..87...61M. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/draconyx-loureiroi-new-camptosauridae-dinosauria-ornithopoda-late-jurassic-lour. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Rotatori, Filippo Maria; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel; Mateus, Octávio (2022-05-07). "Reappraisal and new material of the holotype of Draconyx loureiroi (Ornithischia: Iguanodontia) provide insights on the tempo and modo of evolution of thumb-spiked dinosaurs" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (1): 125–156. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab113. ISSN 0024-4082. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/125/6535466. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Escaso, Fernando; Ortega, Francisco; Dantas, Pedro; Malafaia, Elisabete; Silva, Bruno; Gasulla, José M.; Mocho, Pedro; Narváez, Iván et al. (2014-07-29). "A new dryosaurid ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (5): 1102–1112. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.849715. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34.1102E. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Malafaia, Elisabeth (June 2017). "Upper Jurassic Sauropod record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal): Geographical and Lithostratigraphical distribution" (in en). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317604925. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Mateus, O., & Milan J. (2008). "Ichnological evidence for giant ornithopod dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation, Portugal". Oryctos 8: 47–52. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/ichnological-evidence-giant-ornithopod-dinosaurs-upper-jurassic-lourinha-format. 
  21. ↑ Burigo, André; Mateus, Octávio (2024-12-30). "Allosaurus europaeus (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) Revisited and Taxonomy of the Genus" (in en). Diversity 17 (1): 29. doi:10.3390/d17010029. ISSN 1424-2818. Bibcode: 2024Diver..17...29B. 
  22. ↑ Escaso, F.; Ortega, F.; Dantas, P.; Malafaia, E.; Silva, B.; Sanz, J.L. (2007). "Elementos postcraneales de Dacentrurus (Dinosauria: Stegosauria) del Jurásico Superior de Moçafaneira (Torres Vedras, Portugal)". Libro de resúmenes V Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología: 157–172. https://www.dfmf.uned.es/~fortega/uned_fo_pdf/2007_escaso_etal_EJIP07.pdf. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 Costa, Francisco; Mateus, Octávio (2019-11-13). "Dacentrurine stegosaurs (Dinosauria): A new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America". PLOS ONE 14 (11). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224263. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 31721771. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1424263C. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Mateus, O., Milàn J., Romano M., & Whyte M. A. (2011). "New finds of stegosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation, Portugal". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (3): 651–658. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0055. Bibcode: 2011AcPaP..56..651M. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/new-finds-stegosaur-tracks-upper-jurassic-lourinha-formation-portugal. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Mateus, O., Maidment S., & Christiansen N. (2009). "A new long-necked 'sauropod-mimic' stegosaur and the evolution of the plated dinosaurs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276 (1663): 1815–21. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1909. PMID 19324778. PMC 2674496. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/new-long-necked-sauropod-mimic-stegosaur-and-evolution-plated-dinosaurs. 
  26. ↑ Costa Pinto, Francisco; Maidment, Susannah; Sequero López, Cristina; Crespo, Vicente D. (2025). "Miragaia longicollum MG 4863: new fossil and historical evidence from the most complete stegosaur from Europe". Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia. doi:10.34637/XS1N-3D27. ISSN 0873-948X. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/133701. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Mateus, O.; Dinis, J.; Cunha, P. P. (2017-09-28). "The Lourinhã Formation: the Upper Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal – landscapes where dinosaurs walked". Ciências da Terra – Earth Sciences Journal 19 (1): 75–97. doi:10.21695/cterra/esj.v19i1.355. http://cienciasdaterra.novaidfct.pt/index.php/ct-esj/article/view/355. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Escaso, Fernando; Ortega, Francisco; Dantas, Pedro; Malafaia, Elisabete; Pimentel, Nuno L.; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Sanz, José Luis; Kullberg, José Carlos et al. (2007-05-01). "New evidence of shared dinosaur across Upper Jurassic Proto-North Atlantic: Stegosaurus from Portugal" (in en). Naturwissenschaften 94 (5): 367–374. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0209-8. ISSN 1432-1904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0209-8. 
  29. ↑ Guillaume (2022). "Stegosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal: new occurrences and perspectives". Ciências da Terra / Earth Sciences Journal 20 (1): 37–60. https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/stegosaur-tracks-upper-jurassic-portugal-new-occurrences-and-perspectives. 
  30. ↑ Malafaia, E.; Mocho, P.; Escaso, F.; Narváez, I.; Gasulla, J.M.; Pérez-García, A.; Marcos-Fernândez, F.; Ortega, F. (2025). "The continental vertebrate fossil record from Pombal". Comunicações Geológicas 112 (1): 87–90. https://www.lneg.pt/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/15_Malafaia-et-al.pdf. 
  31. ↑ Fürsich, Franz T.; Schneider, Simon; Werner, Winfried; Lopez-Mir, Berta; Pierce, Colm S. (2021-09-13). "Life at the continental–marine interface: palaeoenvironments and biota of the Alcobaça Formation (Late Jurassic, Central Portugal), with a formal definition of the unit appended". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 102 (2): 265–329. doi:10.1007/s12549-021-00496-x. ISSN 1867-1608. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 Mateus, O.; Mannion P. D.; Upchurch P. (2014). "Zby atlanticus, a new turiasaurian sauropod (Dinosauria, Eusauropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (3): 618–634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.822875. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34..618M. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/zby-atlanticus-new-turiasaurian-sauropod-dinosauria-eusauropoda-late-jurassic-p. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O. V.; Benson, R. B. J. (2015). "A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)". PeerJ 3. doi:10.7717/peerj.857. PMID 25870766. open access
  34. ↑ Silva, Bruno (2015). "Sociedade de História Natural_Escavação paleontológica de um dinossauro saurópode, Parte 2.". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Er3bbRmRtpE. 
  35. ↑ Silva, Bruno (2014). "Sociedade de História Natural_Escavações Paleontológicas na Praia Azul, Parte 1". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8I8-sGvfOQ. 
  36. ↑ Mocho, Pedro (2016). "Evolutionary History of Upper Jurassic Sauropods from the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)". https://repositorio.uam.es/entities/publication/b19e1232-91c8-431b-adf5-d2974ad29025. 
  37. ↑ Malafaia, Elisabete (2014). "A preliminary evaluation of Diplodocidae record from the Upper Jurassic of Lusitanian Basin (W, Portugal)". Academia. https://www.academia.edu/25449746/A_preliminary_evaluation_of_Diplodocidae_record_from_the_Upper_Jurassic_of_Lusitanian_Basin_W_Portugal_. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Saleiro, André; Tschopp, Emanuel (2025). "New sauropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal and their implications for sauropod dental evolution" (in en). Papers in Palaeontology 11 (1). doi:10.1002/spp2.70001. ISSN 2056-2802. Bibcode: 2025PPal...11E0001S. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.70001. 
  39. ↑ Woodruff, D. Cary; Carr, Thomas D.; Storrs, Glenn W.; Waskow, Katja; Scannella, John B.; Nordén, Klara K.; Wilson, John P. (2018-10-11). "The Smallest Diplodocid Skull Reveals Cranial Ontogeny and Growth-Related Dietary Changes in the Largest Dinosaurs" (in en). Scientific Reports 8 (1): 14341. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32620-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 30310088. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...814341W. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Mocho, Pedro; Royo-Torres, Rafael; Ortega, Francisco (2014-04-01). "Phylogenetic reassessment of Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis, a basal Macronaria (Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170 (4): 875–916. doi:10.1111/zoj.12113. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260419725. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Barnes, Rosie N.; Mateus, Octávio (2013). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/omateus/files/mannion_et_al_2013_sauropod_lusotitan_portugal.pdf. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Mocho, P.; Royo-Torres, R.; Ortega, F. (2016-11-03). "New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid Lusotitan atalaiensis (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic)". Historical Biology 29 (6): 789–817. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1247447. ISSN 0891-2963. 
  43. ↑ Mocho, Pedro; Royo-Torres, Rafael; Ortega, Francisco (2019). "A new macronarian sauropod from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1578782 (1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1578782. Bibcode: 2019JVPal..39E8782M. 
  44. ↑ Mateus, Octavio (2009). "A diverse Upper Jurassic dinosaur ichnofauna from central-west Portugal". https://doc.rero.ch/record/209161/files/PAL_E4024.pdf. 
  45. ↑ Royo-Torres, Rafael; Cobos, Alberto; Mocho, Pedro; Alcalá, Luis (2021-01-01). "Origin and evolution of turiasaur dinosaurs set by means of a new 'rosetta' specimen from Spain". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (1): 201–227. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa091. ISSN 0024-4082. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa091. 
  46. ↑ 46.00 46.01 46.02 46.03 46.04 46.05 46.06 46.07 46.08 46.09 46.10 46.11 46.12 46.13 46.14 46.15 46.16 46.17 Hendrickx, C., & Mateus O. (2014). "Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth". Zootaxa 3759: 1–74. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3759.1.1. PMID 24869965. Bibcode: 2014Zoot.37599.1.1H. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/abelisauridae-dinosauria-theropoda-late-jurassic-portugal-and-dentition-based-p. 
  47. ↑ Hendrickx, C.; Soto Núñez, M.; Araújo, R.; Meso, J. G.; Maganuco, S.; Ben-Salahuddin, A. (2025). "Isolated abelisaurid teeth from Gondwana and dental evolution in Abelisauridae". Ameghiniana 62 (6). doi:10.5710/AMGH.17.09.2025.3654. https://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/145. 
  48. ↑ 48.00 48.01 48.02 48.03 48.04 48.05 48.06 48.07 48.08 48.09 Mateus, O., Walen A. and Antunes M. T. (2006). "The large theropod fauna of the Lourinhã Formation (Portugal) and its similarity to the Morrison Formation, with a description of a new species of Allosaurus". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36: 123–129. http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/large-theropod-fauna-lourinha-formation-portugal-and-its-similarity-morrison-fo. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Malafaia, E.; Ortega, F.; Escaso, F.; Dantas, P.; Pimentel, N.; Gasulla, J. M.; Ribeiro, B.; Barriga, F. et al. (2010-12-10). "Vertebrate fauna at the Allosaurus fossil-site of Andrés (Upper Jurassic), Pombal, Portugal" (in en). Journal of Iberian Geology 36 (2): 193–204. doi:10.5209/rev_jige.2010.v36.n2.7. Bibcode: 2010JIbG...36..193M. http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/JIGE/article/view/JIGE1010220193A. 
  50. ↑ Malafaia, Elisabete; Mocho, Pedro; Escaso, Fernando; Narvaéz, Ivan; Ortega, Francisco (2024). "Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal" (in en). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 69. doi:10.4202/app.01113.2023. ISSN 0567-7920. https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app011132023.html. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Allosauruseuropaeus. archosaur.us
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 Mateus, O. and Antunes M. T. (2000). Ceratosaurus sp. (Dinosauria: Theropoda) in the Late Jurassic of Portugal. Abstract volume of the 31st International Geological Congress. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  53. ↑ Malafaia, Elisabete; Ortega, Francisco; Escaso, Fernando; Silva, Bruno (2015-10-03). "New evidence of Ceratosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal". Historical Biology 27 (7): 938–946. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.915820. Bibcode: 2015HBio...27..938M. 
  54. ↑ Mateus (2006). "The large theropod fauna of the Lourinhã Formation (Portugal) and its similarity to the Morrison Formation, with a description of a new species of Allosaurus". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36: 123–129. https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/large-theropod-fauna-lourinha-formation-portugal-and-its-similarity-morrison-fo. 
  55. ↑ Mocho, Pedro (2024). "Taxonomic and stratigraphic update of the material historically attributed to Megalosaurus from Portugal". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 69. doi:10.4202/app.01113.2023. 
  56. ↑ Mocho, Pedro (2016-01-01). "Systematic review of Late Jurassic sauropods from the Museu Geológico collections (Lisboa, Portugal)". Journal of Iberian Geology. doi:10.5209/REV_JIGE.2016.V42.N2.52177. https://www.academia.edu/77076946. 
  57. ↑ "14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota" (in en). The Anatomical Record 306 (S1): 3–267. 2023. doi:10.1002/ar.25219. ISSN 1932-8494. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ar.25219. 
  58. ↑ Ribeiro, Cátia Fernandes (2021). "The first noasaurid theropod (Dinosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal (Lourinhã Formation, Porto Dinheiro, Lourinhã)". https://www.oasisbr.ibict.br/vufind/Record/RCAP_0829735260e155916dd3da87ecef0d07?lng=en. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 Lourinhanosaurusantunesi. archosaur.us
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 Elisabete Malafaia; Pedro Mocho; Fernando Escaso; Francisco Ortega (2020). "A new carcharodontosaurian theropod from the Lusitanian Basin: evidence of allosauroid sympatry in the European Late Jurassic". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 (1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1768106. Bibcode: 2020JVPal..40E8106M. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 Malafaia, Elisabete (2017). "Phylogenetic analysis, paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographic interpretation of theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin". https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/entities/publication/afff4694-36b6-4377-b751-890741079dde. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 Hendrickx, Christophe; Mateus, Octávio (2014). "Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp., the Largest Terrestrial Predator from Europe, and a Proposed Terminology of the Maxilla Anatomy in Nonavian Theropods". PLOS ONE 9 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088905. PMID 24598585. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...988905H. 
  63. ↑ Malafaia, E.; Mocho, P.; Escaso, F.; Ortega, F. (2017-03-01). "New data on the anatomy of Torvosaurus and other remains of megalosauroid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal" (in en). Journal of Iberian Geology 43 (1): 33–59. doi:10.1007/s41513-017-0003-9. ISSN 1886-7995. Bibcode: 2017JIbG...43...33M. 
  64. ↑ Araújo, Ricardo; Castanhinha, Rui; Martins, Rui M. S.; Mateus, Octávio; Hendrickx, Christophe; Beckmann, F.; Schell, N.; Alves, L. C. (2013). "Filling the gaps of dinosaur eggshell phylogeny: Late Jurassic Theropod clutch with embryos from Portugal". Scientific Reports 3. doi:10.1038/srep01924. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 23722524. Bibcode: 2013NatSR...3.1924A. 
  65. ↑ Torvosaurusgurneyi. archosaur.us
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 Malafaia, Elisabete; Escaso, Fernando; Mocho, Pedro; Serrano-Martínez, Alejandro; Torices, Angelica; Cachão, Mário; Ortega, Francisco (2017-06-01). "Analysis of diversity, stratigraphic and geographical distribution of isolated theropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal" (in en). Journal of Iberian Geology 43 (2): 257–291. doi:10.1007/s41513-017-0021-7. ISSN 1886-7995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-017-0021-7. 
  67. ↑ Bertozzo, Filippo; Camilo da Silva, Bruno; Martill, David; Vorderwuelbecke, Elsa; Aureliano, Tito; Schouten, Remmert; Aquino, Pedro (2021). "A large pterosaur femur from the Upper Jurassic (Lusitanian Basin) of Portugal" (in en). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66. doi:10.4202/app.00858.2020. ISSN 0567-7920. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.6 68.7 Guillaume, Alexandre Renaud Daniel Microvertebrates of the Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Portugal) (2018) PhD thesis https://run.unl.pt/handle/10362/58236
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  70. ↑ Mateus (2010). "First records of crocodyle and pterosaur tracks in the Upper Jurassic of Portugal.". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 51: 83–87. https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/publications/first-records-crocodyle-and-pterosaur-tracks-upper-jurassic-portugal?page=1. 
  71. ↑ Guillaume, Alexandre R. D.; Natário, Carlos; Mateus, Octávio; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel (2023-04-03). "Plasticity in the morphology of the fused frontals of Albanerpetontidae (Lissamphibia; Allocaudata)" (in en). Historical Biology 35 (4): 537–554. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2054712. ISSN 0891-2963. Bibcode: 2023HBio...35..537G. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2022.2054712. 
  72. ↑ Guillaume, Alexandre R. D.; Evans, Susan E.; Jones, Marc E. H.; Puértolas-Pascual, Eduardo; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel (2026-01-02). "New albanerpetontid species (Lissamphibia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 24 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2580623. ISSN 1477-2019. Bibcode: 2026JSPal..2480623G. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2025.2580623. 
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  75. ↑ Puértolas-Pascual, E; Mateus, O (2020-06-11). "A three-dimensional skeleton of Goniopholididae from the Late Jurassic of Portugal: implications for the Crocodylomorpha bracing system" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189 (2): 521–548. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz102. ISSN 0024-4082. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/189/2/521/5610606. 
  76. ↑ Young, M. T., Hua S., Steel L., Foffa D., Brusatte S. L., Thüring S., Mateus O., Ignacio-Ruiz Omeñaca J., Lepage Y., Havilk P., & Andrade M. B. (2014). Revision of the Late Jurassic teleosaurid genus Machimosaurus (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia). Royal Society Open Science. 1(140222), 1-42.
  77. ↑ Castanhinha, R.; Mateus, O. (2007). "A review on the marine reptiles of Portugal: Ichthyosaurs, Plesiosaurs and Mosasaurs". Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 67th Annual Meeting. p. 57A. https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/omateus/files/castanhinha_mateus_2007_marine_reptiles_of_portugal_plesiosaurs_ichthyosaurs_and_mosasaurs_svp.pdf. 
  78. ↑ Costa, B. L. P.; Camilo, B.; Antunes, Miguel Telles; Balbino, A. C. (2021). "The hybodontiform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii) from the Upper Jurassic of Torres Vedras, Portugal". Comunicações Geológicas 108: 49–52. doi:10.34637/RX8A-5283. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.9/3830. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 Gowland, Stuart; Taylor, Andrew M.; Martinius, Allard W. (February 2018). Fielding, Chris. ed. "Integrated sedimentology and ichnology of Late Jurassic fluvial point-bars – facies architecture and colonization styles (Lourinhã Formation, Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal)" (in en). Sedimentology 65 (2): 400–430. doi:10.1111/sed.12385. ISSN 0037-0746. Bibcode: 2018Sedim..65..400G. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.12385. 
  80. ↑ J. Pais Upper Jurassic Plants from Cabo Mondego (Portugal) Separata do Boletim da Sociedade Geologica da Portugala, 19 (1974), pp. 19-45

Bibliography

  • Antunes, M.T. and Mateus, O. (2003). Dinosaurs of Portugal. C. R. Palevol, 2:77–95
  • Mateus, O. (2006). "Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation, the Lourinhã and Alcobaça Formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison," in Foster, J.R. and Lucas, S. G. R.M., eds., 2006, "Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation." New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36
  • Mateus, O (2007). "Notes and review of the ornithischian dinosaurs of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 1–182. doi:10.1080/02724634.2007.10010458. 



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