Astronomy:(143649) 2003 QQ47

Short description: Asteroid

(143649) 2003 QQ₄₇

Discovery
Discovered by	LINEAR
Discovery site	Lincoln Lab's ETS
Discovery date	24 August 2003
Designations
Minor planet category	NEO PHA APO
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	4285 days (11.73 yr)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}	1.28834 astronomical unit|AU (192.733 Gm)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}	0.882430 AU (132.0096 Gm)
Semi-major axis	1.08538 AU (162.371 Gm)
Eccentricity	0.18699
Orbital period	1.13 yr (413.02 d)
Average Orbital speed	28.34 km/s
Mean anomaly	264.755°
Mean motion	0° 52m 17.846s / day
Inclination	62.1021°
Longitude of ascending node	0.997990°
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}	104.999°
Known satellites	S/2021 (143649) 1
Earth MOID	0.00253637 AU (379,436 km)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	0.995±0.42 km (system) 0.94±0.40 km (primary) 0.31±0.13 km (secondary)
Mass	2.0×1012 kg
Rotation period	2.6446±0.0007 h
Absolute magnitude (H)	17.4

(143649) 2003 QQ₄₇, provisionally designated: 2003 QQ₄₇, is a kilometer-sized asteroid and synchronous binary system, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It became briefly notable upon its discovery in late August 2003, when media outlets played up a very preliminary report that it had a 1 in 250,000 chance of impacting into Earth on 21 March 2014. The discovery of a companion, approximately 310 meters (1,000 ft) in diameter, was announced in September 2021.

Description

2003 QQ₄₇ was discovered on 24 August 2003. It was added to the Sentry Risk Table on 30 August 2003. By 31 August 2003 (with an observation arc of 7 days) the odds of an impact on 21 March 2014 were already reduced to 1 in 1.7 million. The asteroid was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 14 September 2003, indicating there is no risk of an impact by it in the next 100 years.

2003 QQ₄₇ safely passed within 0.1283 astronomical unit|AU (19,190,000 km; 11,930,000 mi) of Earth on 26 March 2014. With an observation arc of 10 years and an orbital uncertainty of 0, its orbit and future close approaches are well-determined.

Preliminary reports

On 3 September 2003 a NASA press release wrote,

Newly discovered asteroid 2003 QQ₄₇ has received considerable media attention over the last few days because it had a small chance of colliding with the Earth in the year 2014 and was rated a "1" on the Torino Impact Hazard Scale, which goes from 0 to 10. The odds of collision in 2014, as estimated by JPL's Sentry impact monitoring system, peaked at 1 chance in 250,000, a result which was posted on our Impact Risk Page on Saturday, August 30, 2003. Impact events at the Torino Scale 1 level certainly merit careful monitoring by astronomers, but these events do not warrant public concern. In fact, each year several newly discovered asteroids reach Torino Scale 1 for a brief period after discovery; 2003 QQ₄₇ is the fourth such case this year.

On September 2, 2003, new measurements of 2003 QQ₄₇'s position allowed us to narrow our prediction of its path in 2014, and thus we could rule out any Earth impact possibilities for 2014.

2003 QQ₄₇ has a diameter of approximately 1.24 km, and a mass of approximately 2.0×10¹² kg . If it were to hit the Earth, it would be a major event, with an energy of approximately 350,000 megatons of TNT (1.5 ZJ), enough to cause global damage.

Sara Russell, a meteorite researcher at London's Natural History Museum, told the BBC on 2 September 2003 that she was not worried that 2003 QQ₄₇ would be a danger; "The odds are very, very low ... We have to keep some kind of perspective", she said.

As a result of the press coverage of asteroids such as 2003 QQ₄₇, astronomers are now planning to re-word the Torino scale, or to phase it out completely in favour of a scale that is less likely to generate false alarms that may reduce public confidence in genuine alerts.

Binary system

A minor-planet moon, provisionally designated S/2021 (143649) 1, was first detected on 29 August 2021, by Petr Pravec, Peter Kušnirák, Kamil Hornoch, and others using photometric data from ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile. The discovery was announced on 17 September 2021. The secondary measures a third the size of its primary (D_s/D_p-ratio of 0.33), resulting in a mean-diameter of approximately 310 meters. It is estimated to be tidally locked, orbiting 1.4 kilometers (4,600 ft) from the primary every 13.065 hours. The primary has a rotation period of 2.6446±0.0007 hours and a derived diameter of 0.94±0.40 kilometers, for a resulting effective diameter (system) of 0.995±0.42 kilometers.

In fiction

• The asteroid was mentioned in Anonymous Rex (Les Reptilians) (2004) as the asteroid which the dinosaurs were counting on to destroy human civilization.
• The Korean drama My Love from the Star also mentions it as the asteroid that will allow Do Min-joon to travel back to his home planet.

External links

• No, Asteroid 2003 QQ47 is NOT Going to Hit the Earth Next Week (Phil Plait 15 March 2014)
• (143649) 2003 QQ47 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemeris · Obs prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Obs info · Close · Physical info · NEOCC
• (143649) 2003 QQ47 at ESA–space situational awareness
  • Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical Properties · Summary
• (143649) 2003 QQ47 at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters