Astronomy:1076 Viola

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1076 Viola
Discovery[1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date5 October 1926
Designations
(1076) Viola
Pronunciation/ˈvaɪ.ələ/[5]
Named afterViola (flowering plant)[2]
1926 TE
Minor planet categorymain-belt · (inner)
Nysa[3] · background[4]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc90.48 yr (33,048 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.8323 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.1164 AU
2.4744 AU
Eccentricity0.1447
Orbital period3.89 yr (1,422 days)
Mean anomaly70.608°
Mean motion0° 15m 11.52s / day
Inclination3.3195°
Longitude of ascending node143.71°
304.08°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions21.412±7.130 km[6]
21.43±6.81 km[7]
22.0±2.2 km[8]
22.273±0.069 km[9]
22.298±0.117 km[10]
22.63±2.7 km[11]
23.57±7.70 km[12]
24±2 km[13]
26.39±0.61 km[14]
Rotation period7.336 h[15]
Geometric albedo0.032±0.002[14]
0.0375±0.0535[6]
0.04±0.01[8][13]
0.04±0.02[12]
0.04±0.05[7]
0.041±0.004[10]
0.0415±0.012[11]
0.0428±0.0046[9]
Tholen = F[1]
SMASS = C[1][3]
B–V = 0.629[1]
U–B = 0.250[1]
Absolute magnitude (H)12.21[12] · 12.30[1][3][6][7][8][9][11][13][14]


1076 Viola /ˈvaɪ.ələ/,[16] provisional designation 1926 TE, is a Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 October 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[17] The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Viola.[2]

Orbit and classification

Viola is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements.[4] The asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Nysa family (405),[3] the largest asteroid family of the main belt, consisting of stony and carbonaceous subfamilies. The family, named after 44 Nysa, is located near the Kirkwood gap (3:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter), a depleted zone that separates the central main belt.

Viola orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,422 days; semi-major axis of 2.47 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in January 1951, or more than 24 years after its official discovery observation.[17]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Viola is a rare F-type asteroid, while in the SMASS taxonomy, it is classified as a common, carbonaceous C-type.[1][3]

Rotation period

In the 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of Viola was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.336 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.12 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[15] A tentative period of 14.4 hours was measured by French amateur astronomer René Roy in January 2009, but later retracted from the LCDB ({{{1}}}).[3][18]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Viola measures between 21.412 and 26.39 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.032 and 0.0428.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0415 and a diameter of 22.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.30.[3][11]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Viola, a genus of flowering plants within the violet family. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).[2]

Reinmuth's flowers

Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[19]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1076 Viola (1926 TE)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001076. Retrieved 6 December 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1076) Viola". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1076) Viola. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 92. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1077. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "LCDB Data for (1076) Viola". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1076%7CViola. Retrieved 6 December 2017. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Asteroid 1076 Viola – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1076+Viola#Asteroid%201076%20ViolaEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0. Retrieved 26 October 2019. 
  5. ↑ viola (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=viola  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M. et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal 154 (4): 10. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..168M. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N. Retrieved 6 December 2017. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Alí-Lagoa, V.; Licandro, J.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cañ; ada-Assandri, M.; Delbo', M. et al. (June 2016). "Differences between the Pallas collisional family and similarly sized B-type asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics 591: 11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527660. Bibcode: 2016A&A...591A..14A. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 22 October 2019. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T. et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal 152 (3): 12. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Bibcode: 2016AJ....152...63N. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Alí-Lagoa, V.; de León, J.; Licandro, J.; Delbó, M.; Campins, H.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. et al. (June 2013). "Physical properties of B-type asteroids from WISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics 554: 16. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220680. Bibcode: 2013A&A...554A..71A. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...554A..71A. Retrieved 6 December 2017. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U.  (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Binzel, R. P.; Mulholland, J. D. (December 1983). "A photoelectric lightcurve survey of small main belt asteroids". Icarus 56 (3): 519–533. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(83)90170-7. ISSN 0019-1035. Bibcode: 1983Icar...56..519B. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1983Icar...56..519B. Retrieved 6 December 2017. 
  16. ↑ /vaɪˈoʊlə/ is the pronunciation of the musical instrument, rather than the flower that this asteroid is named after.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "1076 Viola (1926 TE)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1076. Retrieved 6 December 2017. 
  18. ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1076) Viola". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001076. Retrieved 6 December 2017. 
  19. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 

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