Biology:List of trees of the Caribbean
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Prior to European settlement, the Caribbean was dominated by forested ecosystems. The insular Caribbean has been considered a biodiversity hotspot.[1] Although species diversity is lower than on mainland systems, endemism is high.
Species diversity is highest and endemism is lowest in Trinidad, which has a predominantly continental flora. Endemism is highest in Cuba and Hispaniola, the largest members of the Greater Antilles.
List of species
Native species
Acanthaceae
Anacardiaceae
Annonaceae
- Annona trinitensis [2]
- Duguetia
- Duguetia lucida
- Duguetia tobagensis[2]
- Rollinia
- Rollinia mucosa
- Rollinia exsucca[2]
Apocynaceae
Arecaceae
Araliaceae
- Aralia
- Dendropanax
- Dendropanax arboreus[5]
- Dendropanax blakeanus[6]
- Dendropanax cordifolius[7]
- Dendropanax cuneifolius[8]
- Dendropanax elongatus[9]
- Dendropanax filipes[10]
- Dendropanax grandiflorus[11]
- Dendropanax grandis[12]
- Dendropanax laurifolius[13]
- Dendropanax nervosus[14]
- Dendropanax nutans[15]
- Dendropanax oblanceatus[16]
- Dendropanax pendulus[17]
- Dendropanax portlandianus[18]
- Dendropanax selleanus[19]
- Dendropanax swartzii[20]
- Didymopanax
- Didymopanax morototoni[21] – Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands, and Trinidad. Introduced to Windward Islands
- Frodinia
- Frodinia gleasonii[22] – Puerto Rico
- Frodinia tremula[23] – Hispaniola
- Oreopanax
- Sciodaphyllum
- Sciodaphyllum attenuatum[27] – Leeward Islands and Windward Islands
- Sciodaphyllum glabratum[28] – Trinidad
- Sciodaphyllum brownei[29] – Jamaica
- Sciodaphyllum troyanum[30] – Jamaica
- Sciodaphyllum urbanianum[31] – Martinique
Bignoniaceae
- Catalpa longissima
- Crescentia
- Crescentia cujete (Calabash)
- Crescentia portoricensis
- Tabebuia
- Tecoma stans
Bombacaceae
- Ceiba pentandra (kapok tree)
- Ochroma pyramidale
Boraginaceae
- Bourreria succulenta
- Cordia
- Rochefortia acanthophora
Burseraceae
- Dacryodes excelsa (Tabonuco)
- Bursera simaruba
Buxaceae
- Buxus
- Buxus aneura
- Buxus brevipes
- Buxus crassifolia
- Buxus ekmanii
- Buxus excisa
- Buxus heterophylla
- Buxus imbricata
- Buxus muelleriana
- Buxus olivacea
- Buxus pilosula
- Buxus portoricensis
- Buxus rheedioides
- Buxus vahlii
Canellaceae
- Canella winteriana
Cannabaceae
- Celtis trinervia - Hispaniola
Capparidaceae
- Capparis
- Capparis baducca
- Capparis cynophallophora
- Capparis flexuosa
- Capparis hastata
- Capparis indica
Celastraceae
- Cassine xylocarpa
- Gyminda latifolia
- Maytenus
- Schaefferia frutescens
Clusiaceae
- Calophyllum
- Calophyllum calaba
- Calophyllum lucidum
- Clusia
- Clusia aripoensis[2]
- Clusia intertexta[2]
- Clusia minor
- Clusia rosea
- Clusia tocuchensis[2]
- Mammea americana
Combretaceae
- Buchenavia tetraphylla
- Bucida buceras
- Conocarpus erectus (Buttonwood)
- Laguncularia racemosa
- Terminalia amazonia
Cupressaceae
Cyrillaceae
- Cyrilla racemiflora
Dilleniaceae
- Curatella americana
Elaeocarpaceae
- Muntingia calabura
- Sloanea berteroana
- Sloanea caribaea
Erythroxylaceae
- Erythroxylum
- Erythroxylum areolatum
- Erythroxylum brevipes
- Erythroxylum rotundifolium
- Erythroxylum urbanii
Euphorbiaceae
- Adelia rincinella
- Alchornea latifolia
- Bernardia dichotoma
- Fluggea acidoton
- Gymnanthes lucida
- Hura crepitans
- Jatropha hernandiifolia
- Picrodendron baccatum
- Savia sessiliflora
Fabaceae
- Andira inermis
- Caesalpinia coriaria
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum
- Hymenaea courbaril
- Inga
- Inga fagifolia
- Inga vera
- Mora excelsa
- Ormosia krugii
- Pictetia aculeata
- Piscidia carthagenensis
- Pithecellobium unguis-cati
- Pterocarpus officinalis
Flacourtiaceae
- Samyda dodecandra
- Xylosoma buxifolia
Garryaceae
Hernandiaceae
- Hernandia sonora
Juglandaceae
Lecythidaceae
- Eschweilera subglandulosa
Malpighiaceae
- Byrsonima
- Byrsonima crassifolia
- Byrsonima spicata
Malvaceae
- Talipariti elatum (Blue Mahoe)
- Thespesia grandiflora
- Hildegardia cubensis
Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia
- Magnolia cristalensis [32]
- Magnolia cubensis [33]
- Magnolia dealbata [34]
- Magnolia domingensis [35]
- Magnolia ekmanii [36]
- Magnolia emarginata [37]
- Magnolia hamorii [38]
- Magnolia minor [39]
- Magnolia pallescens [40]
- Magnolia portoricensis [41]
- Magnolia splendens [42]
Meliaceae
- Carapa
- Cedrela odorata
- Guarea
- Swietenia mahagoni (West Indian Mahogany)
- Trichilia
- Trichilia hirta
- Trichilia triacantha
Moraceae
- Cecropia
- Cecropia peltata
- Cecropia schreberiana
- Ficus
- Maclura tinctoria
Myrtaceae
- Eugenia
- Eugenia axillaris
- Eugenia biflora
- Eugenia cruegeri[2]
- Eugenia foetida
- Eugenia lingustrina
- Eugenia monticola
- Eugenia procera
- Eugenia rhombea
- Eugenia woodburyana
- Eugenia xerophytica
- Myrciaria floribunda
- Psidium
- Psidium amplexicaule
- Psidium guajava (Guava)
Nyctaginaceae
- Guapira fragrans
- Neea buxifolia
- Pisonia
- Pisonia aculeata
- Pisonia albida
- Pisonia subcordata
Oleaceae
Pinaceae
Podocarpaceae
Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba
- Coccoloba diversifolia
- Coccoloba krugii
- Coccoloba microstachya
- Coccoloba swartzii
- Coccoloba uvifera (Sea grape)
Rhamnaceae
- Colubrina
- Colubrina arborescens
- Colubrina elliptica
- Reynosia
- Reynosia guama
- Reynosia uncinata
- Krugiodendron ferreum
- Ziziphus reticulata
Rhizophoraceae
Rosaceae
Rubiaceae
- Antirhea
- Antirhea acutata
- Antirhea lucida
- Erithalis fruticosa
- Exostema caribaeum
- Genipa americana
- Guettarda
- Guettarda elliptica
- Guettarda krugii
- Guettarda odorata
- Randia
- Randia aculeata
- Randia portoricensis
- Rondelita inermis
Rutaceae
- Amyris
- Amyris balsamifera
- Amyris elemifera
- Zanthoxylum
- Zanthoxylum flavum
- Zanthoxylum martinicense
- Zanthoxylum monophyllum
- Zanthoxylum spinifex
- Zanthoxylum thomasianum
Sapindaceae
- Cupania americana
- Melicoccus bijugatus
- Thouinia striata
Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum
- Chrysophyllum argenteum[45]
- Chrysophyllum cainito[46]
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme[47]
- Chrysophyllum pauciflorum[48]
- Manilkara
- Micropholis
- Micropholis chrysophylloides
- Pouteria
- Pouteria multiflora
- Pouteria sapota–Mamey sapote
- Pradosia
- Sideroxylon
- Sideroxylon obovatum
- Sideroxylon salicifolium
Sterculiaceae
Theophrastaceae
- Jacquinia
- Jacquinia armillaris
- Jacquinia berteroi
- Jacquinia umbellata
Verbenaceae
- Citharexylum fruticosa
- Petitia domingensis
Zamiaceae
- Zamia
- Zamia amblyphyllidia
- Zamia portoricensis
- Zamia pumila (Coontie)
Zygophyllaceae
- Guaiacum
- Guaiacum officinale (Lignum vitae)
- Guaiacum sanctum
Non-native species
Anacardiaceae
- Mango (Mangifera indica)
Arecaceae
- Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
Bignoniaceae
- Jacaranda (Jacaranda spp.)
Casuarinaceae
Combretaceae
- Indian almond (Terminalia catappa)
Fabaceae
- Samaan tree (Albizia saman)
- Flamboyant (Delonix regia)
- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
Moraceae
- Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
- Ficus benjamina
Sapindaceae
- Ackee (Blighia sapida)
Sapotaceae
Verbenaceae
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- Teak (Tectona grandis)
References
- ↑ Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, and J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Van den Eynden, V. 2006. Review of endemic plants of Trinidad and Tobago.
- ↑ "Aralia excelsa". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=220782&repSynonym_id=188493&name_id=220782&status=true.
- ↑ "Aralia rex". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=14238&repSynonym_id=123373&name_id=14238&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax arboreus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60019&repSynonym_id=13960&name_id=60019&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax blakeanus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60022&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60022&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax cordifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60038&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60038&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax cuneifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60040&repSynonym_id=96625&name_id=60040&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax elongatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60043&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60043&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax filipes". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60048&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60048&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax grandiflorus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60053&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60053&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax grandis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60054&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60054&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax laurifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60074&repSynonym_id=89829&name_id=60074&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax nervosus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60090&repSynonym_id=89843&name_id=60090&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax nutans". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60091&repSynonym_id=96770&name_id=60091&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax oblanceatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60094&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60094&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax pendulus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60112&repSynonym_id=96780&name_id=60112&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax portlandianus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60116&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=60116&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax selleanus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60127&repSynonym_id=89865&name_id=60127&status=true.
- ↑ "Dendropanax swartzii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=60133&repSynonym_id=89872&name_id=60133&status=true.
- ↑ "Didymopanax morototoni(Aubl.) Decne. & Planch.". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:90355-1.
- ↑ "Frodinia gleasonii (Britton & P.Wilson) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77234124-1.
- ↑ "Frodinia tremula (Krug & Urb.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77234125-1.
- ↑ "Oreopanax capitatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=143490&repSynonym_id=13987&name_id=143490&status=true.
- ↑ "Oreopanax dussii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=143517&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=143517&status=true.
- ↑ "Oreopanax ramosissimus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=143612&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=143612&status=true.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum attenuatum (Sw.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & M.M.Mora". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77210452-1=true.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum glabratum (Kunth) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & M.M.Mora". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77210495-1.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum brownei Spreng.". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:92495-1.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum troyanum Urb.". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:230168-2.
- ↑ "Sciodaphyllum urbanianum (Marchal ex Urb.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & M.M.Mora". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77210551-1.
- ↑ Magnolia cristalensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia cubensis Magnolia cubensis subsp. cacuminicola Magnolia cubensis subsp. cubensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia dealbata WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia domingensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia ekmanii WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia emarginata WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia hamorii WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia minor WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia pallescens WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia portoricensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ Magnolia splendens WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Berg, C.C. (2007). "Proposals for treating four species complexes in Ficus subgenus Urostigma section Americanae (Moraceae)". Blumea 52 (2): 295–312. doi:10.3767/000651907x609034.
- ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Ficus maxima | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?403471 | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2008-06-28 }}
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum argenteum". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=39960&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=39960&status=true.
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum cainito". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=40005&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=40005&status=true.
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum oliviforme". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=40216&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=40216&status=true.
- ↑ "Chrysophyllum pauciflorum". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=40235&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=40235&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara bidentata". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120114&repSynonym_id=128403&name_id=120114&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara excisa". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120160&repSynonym_id=128468&name_id=120160&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara gonavensis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120167&repSynonym_id=128479&name_id=120167&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara jaimiqui". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120176&repSynonym_id=128496&name_id=120176&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara mayarensis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120198&repSynonym_id=128530&name_id=120198&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara pleeana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120229&repSynonym_id=128568&name_id=120229&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara sideroxylon". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120245&repSynonym_id=184572&name_id=120245&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara valenzuelana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120266&repSynonym_id=115473&name_id=120266&status=true.
- ↑ "Manilkara zapota". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=120271&repSynonym_id=1789&name_id=120271&status=true.
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