Medicine:Trypanosomiasis vaccine
A Trypanosomiasis vaccine is a vaccine against trypanosomiasis. No effective vaccine currently exists, but development of a vaccine is the subject of current research. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has been involved in funding research conducted by the Sabin Vaccine Institute and others.[1]
There are many obstacles to development of such a vaccine. One obstacle is variant surface glycoprotein which makes it difficult for the immune system to recognize the infectious organism.[2] Also, Trypanosoma brucei has a direct inhibitory effect upon B cells.[3]
It has been suggested that these challenges could be overcome by a vaccine against the initial antigens,[4] or generating an immune response against the cysteine protease (for example, cruzipain).[5][6]
An effective vaccine was achieved in 2021 using a mouse model of infection with Trypanosoma vivax.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ "US Fraunhofer Center receives Grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-Intellectual Property". http://www.kooperation-international.de/en/countries/geistiges-eigentum/info/detail/data/6805.
- ↑ "T-Cell Responses to the Trypanosome Variant Surface Glycoprotein Are Not Limited to Hypervariable Subregions". Infect. Immun. 77 (1): 141–51. January 2009. doi:10.1128/IAI.00729-08. PMID 18936180.
- ↑ Riley, Eleanor M, ed (May 2008). "Trypanosomiasis-Induced B Cell Apoptosis Results in Loss of Protective Anti-Parasite Antibody Responses and Abolishment of Vaccine-Induced Memory Responses". PLOS Pathog. 4 (5): e1000078. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000078. PMID 18516300.
- ↑ "Trypanosomiasis". http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/trypanosomiasis.htm.
- ↑ "Congopain from Trypanosoma congolense: drug target and vaccine candidate". Biol. Chem. 383 (5): 739–49. May 2002. doi:10.1515/BC.2002.077. PMID 12108538.
- ↑ "Immunisation of cattle with cysteine proteinases of Trypanosoma congolense: targeting the disease rather than the parasite". Int. J. Parasitol. 31 (13): 1429–33. November 2001. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00266-1. PMID 11595229.
- ↑ Autheman, Delphine; Crosnier, Cécile; Clare, Simon; Goulding, David A.; Brandt, Cordelia; Harcourt, Katherine; Tolley, Charlotte; Galaway, Francis et al. (July 2021). "An invariant Trypanosoma vivax vaccine antigen induces protective immunity" (in en). Nature 595 (7865): 96–100. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03597-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34040257. Bibcode: 2021Natur.595...96A.
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