Astronomy:70 Panopaea
 Orbital diagram | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt |
| Discovery site | Paris Observatory |
| Discovery date | 5 May 1861 |
| Designations | |
| (70) Panopaea | |
| Pronunciation | /pænəˈpiːə/[3] |
| Named after | Panopea |
| Minor planet category | main belt[2] |
| Adjectives | Panopaean |
| Orbital characteristics[4] | |
| Epoch 30 November 2008 | |
| |{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | 3.0903 AU |
| |{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | 2.1402 AU |
| 2.61526 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.181641 |
| Orbital period | 1544.79 days (4.23 years) |
| Mean anomaly | 264.193° |
| Inclination | 11.584° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 47.783° |
| 256.016° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 122.17±2.3 km (mean)[5] |
| Mass | (4.33 ± 1.09) × 1018 kg[6] |
| Mean density | 3.48 ± 1.05[6] g/cm3 |
| Rotation period | 15.87 ± 0.04 hours[7] |
| Geometric albedo | 0.0675 ± 0.003[5] |
| C[8] | |
| Absolute magnitude (H) | 8.11[9] |
Panopaea (minor planet designation: 70 Panopaea) is a large main belt asteroid. Its orbit is close to those of the Eunomia asteroid family; however, Panopaea is a dark, primitive carbonaceous C-type asteroid in contrast to the S-type asteroids of the Eunomian asteroids. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.[10] Photometric studies give a rotation period of 15.797 hours and an amplitude of 0.11±0.01 in magnitude. Previous studies that suggested the rotation period may be twice this amount were rejected based upon further observation.[11]
Panopaea was discovered by Hermann Goldschmidt on 5 May 1861.[1] It was his fourteenth and last asteroid discovery. It is named after Panopea, a nymph in Greek mythology; the name was chosen by Robert Main, President of the Royal Astronomical Society.[12] In 1862, Swedish astronomer Nils Christoffer Dunér gave a doctoral thesis on the orbital elements of this asteroid.[13]
The orbit of 70 Panopaea places it in a mean motion resonance with the planets Jupiter and Saturn. The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is 24,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets.[14]
The asteroid frequently makes close approaches with 16 Psyche, such as on 12 June 2040 when it will make a close approach of 0.00602 AU (2.34 Lunar distances, or approx. 770,000 km, 478,455 mi) to the asteroid, and on 2 June 2095 when it will come only 0.003372 AU (1.31 LD) to the asteroid.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)". IAU: Minor Planet Center. http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "70 Panopaea". JPL Small-Body Database. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=70+Panopaea;cad=1.
- ↑ 'Panopea' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
- ↑ "(70) Panopaea". AstDyS. Italy: University of Pisa. https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.0&n=70.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tedesco (2004). "Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey (SIMPS)". IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Planetary Data System. http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/imps.html.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science 73 (1): 98–118, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009, Bibcode: 2012P&SS...73...98C. See Table 1.
- ↑ Schroll; Schober (1983). "Lightcurves and rotation periods for the asteroids 70 Panopaea and 235 Carolina". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 53: 77–79. Bibcode: 1983A&AS...53...77S.
- ↑ Neese (2005). "Asteroid Taxonomy". EAR-A-5-DDR-TAXONOMY-V5.0. Planetary Data System. http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/taxonomy.html.
- ↑ Tholen (2007). "Asteroid Absolute Magnitudes". EAR-A-5-DDR-ASTERMAG-V11.0.. Planetary Data System. http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/astermag.html.
- ↑ Fornasier, S. et al. (February 1999), "Spectroscopic comparison of aqueous altered asteroids with CM2 carbonaceous chondrite meteorites", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 135: 65−73, doi:10.1051/aas:1999161, Bibcode: 1999A&AS..135...65F.
- ↑ Marciniak, Anna et al. (June 2016), "Difficult cases in photometric studies of asteroids", 37th Meeting of the Polish Astronomical Society, held 7-10 September, 2015 at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland. Proceedings of the Polish Astronomical Society, 3, pp. 84−87, Bibcode: 2016pas..conf...84M.
- ↑ Schmadel, Lutz (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names (fifth ed.). Germany: Springer. p. 22. ISBN 3-540-00238-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA22.
- ↑ Plicht, Christof A. (24 December 2016), "Dunér, Nils Christoffer", Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_388.
- ↑ Šidlichovský, M. (1999), Svoren, J.; Pittich, E. M.; Rickman, H., eds., "Resonances and chaos in the asteroid belt", Evolution and source regions of asteroids and comets : proceedings of the 173rd colloquium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Tatranska Lomnica, Slovak Republic, August 24–28, 1998: pp. 297–308, Bibcode: 1999esra.conf..297S.
External links
- 70 Panopaea at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 70 Panopaea at the JPL Small-Body Database
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