Astronomy:1080 Orchis

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1080 Orchis
Modelled shape of Orchis from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date30 August 1927
Designations
(1080) Orchis
Pronunciation/ˈɔːrkɪs/[5]
Named afterOrchis (flowering plant)[2]
1927 QB · 1955 DT
A906 BH
Minor planet categorymain-belt · (inner)[3]
background[4]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc111.76 yr (40,821 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}3.0452 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}1.7924 AU
2.4188 AU
Eccentricity0.2590
Orbital period3.76 yr (1,374 days)
Mean anomaly278.54°
Mean motion0° 15m 43.2s / day
Inclination4.5873°
Longitude of ascending node2.0437°
57.028°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter20.755±8.470 km[6]
21.797±0.130 km[7]
21.86±0.26 km[8]
22.918±0.241 km[9]
23.28±1.7 km[3][10]
23.53±6.59 km[11]
24.62±6.75 km[12]
Rotation period16.061±0.004 h[13]
16.0657±0.0005 h[14]
16.075±0.0207 h[15]
16.1±0.1 h[16]
Pole ecliptic latitude
  • (255.0°, 27.0°) (λ1/β1)[17]
  • (71.0°, 28.0°) (λ2/β2)[17]
Geometric albedo0.029±0.002[7]
0.03±0.02[11]
0.031±0.032[12]
0.0331±0.0028[9]
0.0430±0.007[3][10]
0.0508±0.0499[6]
0.051±0.001[8]
Tholen = F[1][3]
B–V = 0.624[1]
U–B = 0.206[1]
Absolute magnitude (H)12.133±0.002 (R)[15] · 12.20[1][3][8][9][10][11] · 12.32[6] · 12.43[12]


1080 Orchis, provisional designation 1927 QB, is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 30 August 1927, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[18] The carbonaceous F-type asteroid has a rotation period of 16.1 hours and measures approximately 22 kilometers (14 miles) in diameter. It was named after the flowering plant Orchis.[2]

Orbit and classification

Orchis is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,374 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid was first observed as A906 BH at Heidelberg in January 1906. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation in August 1927.[18]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the flowering plant Orchis, a genus in the orchid family. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).[2]

Reinmuth's flowers

Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[19]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Orchis is an uncommon F-type asteroid, a type which belongs to the wider C-complex of carbonaceous asteroids.[1][3]

Rotation period and poles

In 2010, three rotational lightcurves of Orchis were obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 16.061, 16.075 and 16.1 hours with a brightness amplitude of between 0.23 and 0.31 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[13][15][16] A modeled lightcurve based on optical data from a large collaboration network found a concurring period of 16.0657 hours and two spin axis of (255.0°, 27.0°) and (71.0°, 28.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[14]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Orchis measures between 20.755 and 24.62 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.029 and 0.051.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0430 and a diameter of 23.28 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.2.[3][10]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1080 Orchis (1927 QB)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001080. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1080) Orchis". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 92. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1081. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "LCDB Data for (1080) Orchis". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1080%7COrchis. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Asteroid 1080 Orchis – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1080. 
  5. ↑ orchis (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=orchis  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M. et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal 154 (4): 10. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..168M. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M. Retrieved 28 November 2017. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U.  (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 22 October 2019. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N. Retrieved 28 November 2017. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C. et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 759 (1): 5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...759L...8M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M. Retrieved 28 November 2017. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Strabla, Luca; Quadri, Ulisse; Girelli, Roberto (July 2011). "Minor Planet Lightcurve Analysis at Bassano Bresciano Observatory: 2010 October - 2011 March". The Minor Planet Bulletin 38 (3): 169–172. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2011MPBu...38..169S. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38..169S. Retrieved 28 November 2017. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M. et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics 586: 24. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. Bibcode: 2016A&A...586A.108H. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal 150 (3): 35. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Bibcode: 2015AJ....150...75W. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W. Retrieved 28 November 2017. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Ruthroff, John C. (April 2011). "Lightcurve Analysis of Eight Main-belt Asteroids and a Revised Period for 185 Eunike". The Minor Planet Bulletin 38 (2): 86–88. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2011MPBu...38...86R. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38...86R. Retrieved 28 November 2017. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Asteroid 1080 Orchis". Small Bodies Data Ferret. https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1080+Orchis. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "1080 Orchis (1927 QB)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1080. 
  19. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 



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