Astronomy:1130 Skuld

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1130 Skuld
001130-asteroid shape model (1130) Skuld.png
Modelled shape of Skuld from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date2 September 1929
Designations
(1130) Skuld
Named afterSkuld (Norse mythology)[2]
1929 RC · 1928 FJ
1949 UD · 1962 LA
A906 VC
Minor planet categorymain-belt · Flora[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc110.38 yr (40,316 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.6701 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}1.7864 AU
2.2282 AU
Eccentricity0.1983
Orbital period3.33 yr (1,215 days)
Mean anomaly173.35°
Mean motion0° 17m 46.68s / day
Inclination2.1677°
Longitude of ascending node216.13°
113.81°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions9.63±0.44 km[4]
9.99 km (derived)[3]
10.125±0.092 km[5]
10.24±0.64 km[6]
11.009±0.091 km[7]
Rotation period4.73±0.02 h[8]
4.807±0.002 h[9]
4.8079±0.0005 h[10]
4.810 h[lower-alpha 1]
Geometric albedo0.1995±0.0461[7]
0.24 (assumed)[3]
0.244±0.033[6]
0.302±0.031[4]
S[3]
Absolute magnitude (H)12.0[1][4] · 12.10[6] · 12.17[3][7] · 12.17±0.02[9]


1130 Skuld, provisional designation 1929 RC, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Skuld from Norse mythology.[2]

Discovery

Skuld was discovered on 2 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[11] The body was independently discovered by astronomers and fellow countrymen Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Wachmann at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory ten nights later.[2]

It was first identified as A906 VC at Heidelberg in 1906, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation.[11]

Orbit and classification

Skuld is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony S-type asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,215 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Skuld, one of the three Norns in Norse mythology. The asteroids 167 Urda and 621 Werdandi are named after the other two Norns.[2] Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 110).[2]

Physical characteristics

Rotation period

In January 2004, the first rotational lightcurves of Skuld were obtained by Henk de Groot and by a group of Polish and French astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.73 and 4.8079 hours with a brightness variation of 0.46 and 0.40 magnitude, respectively ({{{1}}}).[8][10]

In 2009 and 2011, astronomers Robert Buchheim and Larry Robinson obtained two well-defined lightcurves from photometric observations. They gave a refined period of 4.810 and 4.807 hours with an amplitude of 0.50 and 0.26 magnitude, respectively ({{{1}}}).[9][lower-alpha 1]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Skuld measures between 9.63 and 11.009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1995 and 0.302.[4][5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this orbital family – and calculates a diameter of 9.99 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.17.[3]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Robinson (2011) web: rotation period 4.810 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.5 mag. Summary figures for (1130) Skuld at 2=Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1130 Skuld (1929 RC)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001130. Retrieved 26 July 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1130) Skuld". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 96. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1131. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "LCDB Data for (1130) Skuld". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1130%7CSkuld. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C. et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 759 (1): 5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...759L...8M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U.  (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1130) Skuld". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001130. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Buchheim, Robert K. (April 2010). "Lightcurve and Phase Curve of 1130 Skuld". The Minor Planet Bulletin 37 (2): 41–42. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2010MPBu...37...41B. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2010MPBu...37...41B. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G. et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics 546: 51. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219199. Bibcode: 2012A&A...546A..72K. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012A&A...546A..72K. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "1130 Skuld (1929 RC)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1130. Retrieved 12 February 2017. 

External links



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