Astronomy:1294 Antwerpia

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1294 Antwerpia
001294-asteroid shape model (1294) Antwerpia.png
Shape model of Antwerpia from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byE. Delporte
Discovery siteUccle Obs.
Discovery date24 October 1933
Designations
(1294) Antwerpia
Named afterAntwerp (Belgian city)[2]
1933 UB1 · 1930 AF
1932 LC · 1964 VA2
1964 XF · A917 DB
Minor planet category
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc99.63 yr (36,391 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}3.3156 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.0572 AU
2.6864 AU
Eccentricity0.2342
Orbital period4.40 yr (1,608 days)
Mean anomaly16.166°
Mean motion0° 13m 25.68s / day
Inclination8.7271°
Longitude of ascending node81.133°
313.22°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter27.82±7.33 km[6]
34.71±3.0 km[7]
34.80±0.66 km[8]
37.199±0.134 km[9]
40.717±0.350 km[10]
Rotation period6.63±0.01 h[11][12]
Pole ecliptic latitude
  • (128.0°, −66.0°) (λ1/β1)[5]
  • (246.0°, −76.0°) (λ2/β2)[5]
Geometric albedo0.0887±0.0283[10]
0.10±0.09[6]
0.117±0.024[9]
0.1220±0.024[7]
0.125±0.005[8]
Absolute magnitude (H)10.20[7][8][10] · 10.549±0.003 (R)[14] · 10.60[6] · 10.7[1][11]


1294 Antwerpia (prov. designation: 1933 UB1) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 24 October 1933, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle.[3] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 6.6 hours and measures approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) in diameter. It was named for the Belgian city of Antwerp.[2]

Orbit and classification

Antwerpia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the central main belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,608 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] the asteroid was first observed as A917 DB at Heidelberg Observatory in February 2017, where the body's observation arc begins one month later in March 1917.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the city of Antwerp in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 118).[2]

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Antwerpia is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[1] It is also a C-type in both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2).[5][13]

Rotation period and poles

Several rotational lightcurves of Antwerpia have been obtained from photometric observations since 2005. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 6.63 hours with a brightness variation of 0.42 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[15][16][17][14][18][12][lower-alpha 1]

A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD), gave a concurring period of 6.62521 hours ({{{1}}}), as well as two spin axis of (128.0°, −66.0°) and (246.0°, −76.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[19]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Antwerpia measures between 27.82 and 40.717 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0887 and 0.125.[6][7][8][9][10] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0783 and a diameter of 34.40 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.7.[11]

Notes

  1. ↑ Lightcurve plot of (1297) Quadea with a rotation period 6.62 hours and a brightness amplitude of 0.42 mag. Quality Code of 3. Taken by Robert Stephens (2014) at U81/CS3. Summary figures at LCDB

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1294 Antwerpia (1933 UB1)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001294. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1294) Antwerpia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 106. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1295. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "1294 Antwerpia (1933 UB1)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1294. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Asteroid 1294 Antwerpia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1294. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Asteroid 1294 Antwerpia". Small Bodies Data Ferret. https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1294+Antwerpia. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 814 (2): 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...814..117N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N. Retrieved 14 September 2017. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 22 October 2019. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 (5): 1117–1138. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U.  (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R. et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 11. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M. Retrieved 14 September 2017. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "LCDB Data for (1294) Antwerpia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1294%7CAntwerpia. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lecrone, Crystal; Addleman, Don; Butler, Thomas; Hudson, Erin; Mulvihill, Alex; Reichert, Chris et al. (September 2005). "2004-2005 winter observing campaign at Rose-Hulman Institute: results for 1098 Hakone, 1182 Ilona, 1294 Antwerpia, 1450 Raimonda, 2251 Tikhov, and 2365 Interkosmos". Minor Planet Bulletin 32 (3): 46–48. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2005MPBu...32...46L. http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_32-3.pdf. Retrieved 16 March 2020. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids". Icarus 172 (1): 179–220. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Bibcode: 2004Icar..172..179L. http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/yarko-site/tmp/eos/NEW/spectral_type_figure/s3os2.pdf. Retrieved 16 March 2020. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal 150 (3): 35. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Bibcode: 2015AJ....150...75W. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W. Retrieved 14 September 2017. 
  15. ↑ Almeida, R.; Angeli, C. A.; Duffard, R.; Lazzaro, D. (February 2004). "Rotation periods for small main-belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics 415: 403–406. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034585. Bibcode: 2004A&A...415..403A. 
  16. ↑ Stephens, Robert D. (July 2014). "Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 January - March". Minor Planet Bulletin 41 (3): 171–175. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2014MPBu...41..171S. http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_41-3.pdf. Retrieved 16 March 2020. 
  17. ↑ Klinglesmith, Daniel A. III; Hanowell, Jesse; Risley, Ethan; Turk, Janek; Vargas, Angelica; Warren, Curtis Alan (July 2014). "Lightcurves for Inversion Model Candidates". Minor Planet Bulletin 41 (3): 139–143. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2014MPBu...41..139K. http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_41-3.pdf. Retrieved 16 March 2020. 
  18. ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1294) Antwerpia". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001294. 
  19. ↑ Ďurech, J.; Hanuš, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vančo, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics 587: A48. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2016A&A...587A..48D. 

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