Astronomy:1768 Appenzella

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1768 Appenzella
001768-asteroid shape model (1768) Appenzella.png
Shape model of Appenzella from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byP. Wild
Discovery siteZimmerwald Obs.
Discovery date23 September 1965
Designations
(1768) Appenzella
Named afterAppenzell (canton)[2]
1965 SA · 1934 PM
1942 TH
Minor planet categorymain-belt · Nysa[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc74.56 yr (27,232 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.8899 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.0141 AU
2.4520 AU
Eccentricity0.1786
Orbital period3.84 yr (1,402 days)
Mean anomaly175.69°
Mean motion0° 15m 24.12s / day
Inclination3.2582°
Longitude of ascending node12.423°
19.718°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions19.0±1.9 km[4]
19.30±0.17 km[5]
20.221±0.129 km[6][7]
20.86±2.3 km (IRAS:2)[8]
21±2 km[9]
Rotation period5.18335±0.00001 h[10]
5.1839±0.0001 h[11]
Geometric albedo0.03±0.01[9]
0.032±0.007[6][7]
0.0338±0.009 (IRAS:2)[8]
0.039±0.008[5]
0.04±0.01[4]
F (Tholen)[1]
C (SMASS)[1]
B–V = 0.615[1]
U–B = 0.230[1]
Absolute magnitude (H)12.70[1][3][4][5][6][9]


1768 Appenzella (prov. designation: 1965 SA) is a rare-type Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 September 1965, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland.[12] It was later named after the Swiss canton of Appenzell.[2]

Classification and orbit

Appenzella is a dark carbonaceous asteroid and a member of the Polanian subgroup of the Nysa family. On the Tholen taxonomic scheme, it belongs to the small group of 28 bodies known to have a F-type spectrum.[13]

It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,402 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The first used[clarification needed] observation was made at the Finnish Turku Observatory in 1942, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 23 years prior to its discovery.[12]

Lightcurve

In November 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Appenzella was obtained by French astronomer René Roy at his Blauvac Observatory (627) in southeastern France. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.1839 hours with a brightness variation of 0.53 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[11] In 2016, remodeled photometric data from the Lowell database gave in a very similar period of 5.18335 hours.[10]

Diameter and albedo

Based on the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 19.0 and 21 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.03 and 0.04.[4][5][6][7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with the results obtained by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, IRAS, which found an albedo of 0.034 and a mean diameter of 20.9 kilometers, with an absolute magnitude of 12.7.[1][3]

Naming

In 1971, Appenzella was named by the discoverer in honor of the rural Swiss canton of Appenzell, during the celebration of the 150th anniversary of the public middle school "Kantonsschule Trogen", Appenzell Ausserrhoden, founded in 1821.[2][14] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 July 1972 (M.P.C. 3297).[15]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1768 Appenzella (1965 SA)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001768. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1768) Appenzella". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1768) Appenzella. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 141. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1769. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "LCDB Data for (1768) Appenzella". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1768%7CAppenzella. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Alí-Lagoa, V.; Licandro, J.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cañ; ada-Assandri, M.; Delbo', M. et al. (June 2016). "Differences between the Pallas collisional family and similarly sized B-type asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics 591: 11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527660. Bibcode: 2016A&A...591A..14A. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016A&A...591A..14A. Retrieved 10 August 2016. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C. et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 759 (1): 5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...759L...8M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M. Retrieved 10 August 2016. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M. Retrieved 8 December 2016. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode: 2004PDSS...12.....T. https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab. Retrieved 22 October 2019. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Alí-Lagoa, V.; de León, J.; Licandro, J.; Delbó, M.; Campins, H.; Pinilla-Alonso, N. et al. (June 2013). "Physical properties of B-type asteroids from WISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics 554: 16. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220680. Bibcode: 2013A&A...554A..71A. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...554A..71A. Retrieved 10 August 2016. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Durech, J.; Hanus, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vanco, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics 587: 6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573. Bibcode: 2016A&A...587A..48D. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016A&A...587A..48D. Retrieved 10 August 2016. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1768) Appenzella". Geneva Observatory. http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001768. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "1768 Appenzella (1965 SA)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1768. 
  13. ↑ "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: [ spec. type = F (Tholen)"]. JPL Solar System Dynamics. http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=OR;c1_group=OBJ;c1_item=Ay;c1_op=%3D;c1_value=F;c2_group=OBJ;c2_item=Ax;c2_op=%3D;c2_value=F;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBiBnBsAiArApAxAy;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcA. 
  14. ↑ "Kanstonsschule Trogen" (in German). Kantonsschule Trogen. 2014. http://www.kst.ch/startseite.html. 
  15. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D.. "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7. 

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