Astronomy:1928 Summa

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1928 Summa
Discovery[1]
Discovered byY. Väisälä
Discovery siteTurku Obs.
Discovery date21 September 1938
Designations
(1928) Summa
Named afterFinnish village
(Battle of Summa)[2]
1938 SO · 1969 PA
Minor planet categorymain-belt · (inner)[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc78.38 yr (28,628 days)
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}2.9797 AU
|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}1.9733 AU
2.4765 AU
Eccentricity0.2032
Orbital period3.90 yr (1,423 days)
Mean anomaly98.003°
Mean motion0° 15m 10.44s / day
Inclination4.5756°
Longitude of ascending node180.42°
157.80°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions8.34 km (derived)[3]
9.333±0.170 km[4][5]
Rotation period6.8549±0.0006 h[6]
6.855±0.001 h[7]
9.66 h (dated)[8]
Geometric albedo0.160±0.043[4][5]
0.20 (assumed)[3]
S[3][8]
B–V = 1.010[1]
Absolute magnitude (H)12.68[1] · 12.76[3][4][8] · 13.20±0.85[9]


1928 Summa, provisional designation 1938 SO, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 21 September 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland.[10] It was named for a Finnish village where the Battle of Summa took place.[2]

Orbit and classification

Summa is a S-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,423 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Turku one night after its official discovery observation, with no precoveries taken, and no prior identifications made.[10]

Rotation period

In March 1984, the first but poorly rated rotational lightcurve of Summa was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. It gave a rotation period of 9.66 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude ({{{1}}}).[8]

In August 2012, a refined yet ambiguous lightcurve with a period of 6.855 hours and an amplitude of 0.13 was obtained by Larry E. Owings at the Barnes Ridge Observatory in California ({{{1}}}). Lightcurve analysis also considered that Summa might be a binary system.[7] One month later, the so-far best rated lightcurve from British astronomer Kevin Hills using the remote controlled Riverland Dingo Observatory in Australia, gave a period of 6.8549 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.18 ({{{1}}}).[6]

Diameter an albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Summa measures 9.333 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.160,[4][5] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 8.34 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.76.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the village on the Karelian Isthmus, where the Battle of Summa took place during the Finnish Winter War (1939–1940).[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 (M.P.C. 5450).[11] Most of Yrjö Väisälä's discoveries have names that relate in one way or another to this military conflict between Finland and the Soviet Union during World War II.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1928 Summa (1938 SO)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001928. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1928) Summa". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1928) Summa. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 155. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "LCDB Data for (1928) Summa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1928%7CSumma. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal 741 (2): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...68M. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M. Retrieved 5 April 2017. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hills, Kevin (January 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Riverland Dingo Observatory (RDO): 501 Urhixidur, 1897 Hind, 1928 Summa, 6261 Chione, and (68216) 2001 CV 26.". The Minor Planet Bulletin 40 (1): 12–13. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40...12H. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013MPBu...40...12H. Retrieved 5 April 2017. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Owings, Larry E. (April 2013). "Lightcurves for 1560 Strattonia, 1928 Summa, 2763 Jeans, 3478 Fanale, 3948 Bohr, 5275 Zdislava, and 5369 Virgiugum". The Minor Planet Bulletin 40 (2): 104–106. ISSN 1052-8091. Bibcode: 2013MPBu...40..104O. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013MPBu...40..104O. Retrieved 5 April 2017. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus 72 (1): 135–208. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Bibcode: 1987Icar...72..135B. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1987Icar...72..135B. Retrieved 5 April 2017. 
  9. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus 261: 34–47. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Bibcode: 2015Icar..261...34V. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V. Retrieved 5 April 2017. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "1928 Summa (1938 SO)". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1928. 
  11. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html. 

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