Astronomy:35 Sextantis

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Short description: Triple star system in Sextans
35 Sextantis
Sextans constellation map.svg
Red circle.svg
Location of 35 Sex on the map (circled)
Observation data
{{#ifeq:J2000.0 (ICRS)|J2000.0 (ICRS)|Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)| [[History:Epoch|Epoch J2000.0 (ICRS)]]      [[Astronomy:Equinox (celestial coordinates)|Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)}}
Constellation Sextans
A
Right ascension  10h 43m 20.92086s[1]
Declination +04° 44′ 51.6121″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 6.09±0.01[2]
B
Right ascension  10h 43m 20.52732s[3]
Declination +04° 44′ 48.2184″[3]
Apparent magnitude (V) 7.01±0.01[2]
Characteristics
U−B color index +1.09[4]
B−V color index +1.17[4]
A
Spectral type K2.5 III[5]
B
Spectral type K1 II-III[6]
Astrometry
A
Radial velocity (Rv)−3.15±0.16[7] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +22.430[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −33.285[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)4.6773 ± 0.1457[1] mas
Distance700 ± 20 ly
(214 ± 7 pc)
B
Radial velocity (Rv)−1.49±0.98[7] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +24.384 mas/yr
Dec.: −37.384 mas/yr
Parallax (π)4.5442 ± 0.15[3] mas
Distance720 ± 20 ly
(220 ± 7 pc)
Orbit[8]
PrimaryA
CompanionB
Period (P)23,302 yr
Semi-major axis (a)6.80"
(1,460 astronomical unit|AU)
Orbit[9]
PrimaryBa
CompanionBb
Period (P)1,568.7±2.2 d
Semi-major axis (a)0.021"
(4.64 astronomical unit|AU)
Eccentricity (e)0.388±0.057
Periastron epoch (T)2,451,911±27 JD
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		311.8±3.3°
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		5.55±0.15 km/s
Details
A
Mass2.45[8] M☉
Radius25.39+0.8−2.2[10] R☉
Luminosity240±7[10] L☉
Temperature4,512±122[11] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.17[12] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)3.7±0.3[7] km/s
Ba
Mass2.44[8] M☉
Radius10.15+0.34−0.30[13] R☉
Luminosity57.2±1.2[13] L☉
Temperature5,030±122[11] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)4.1±0.5[7] km/s
Bb
Mass0.58[8] M☉
Other designations
10 H. Sextantis,[14] 35 Sex, BD+05°2384, GC 14745, HD 92841, HIP 52452, HR 4193, SAO 118449, CCDM J10433+0443[15]
Database references
SIMBADThe system
A
B

35 Sextantis (68 G. Sextantis; HD 92841; HR 4193), or simply 35 Sex, is a triple star system located in the equatorial constellation Sextans. The primary has an apparent magnitude of 6.09,[2] making it barely visible to the naked eye, even under ideal conditions. The companion has an apparent magnitude of 7.01,[2] making it readily visible in binoculars, but not to the naked eye. The system is located relatively far at a distance of approximately 700 light-years but it is drifting closer with a combined heliocentric radial velocity of −2.18 km/s.[16]

The System

A
Separation = 6.8″
Period = 23,000 y
Ba
Seperation = 0.021″
Period = 1,580 d
Bb

Hierarchy of orbits in the 35 Sextantis system[9]

The system was first observed by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve in 1821.[17] The separation between the A and B component was initially 7.90 arcseconds,[17] but it has since decreased to 6.62".[18] Thanks to this separation, the components 35 Sextantis can be distinguished using a telescope. Observations from Tokovinin & Gorynya (2007) revealed that the B component is a single-lined spectroscopic binary.[9] The primary and secondary both take 23,302 years to orbit each other while the secondary and its close companion take 1,568 days to revolve around each other in a relatively eccentric orbit.[9]

Physical characteristic

35 Sextantis A has a stellar classification of K2.5 III,[5] indicating that it is an evolved K-type giant star that has exhausted hydrogen at its core and left the main sequence. 35 Sextantis B has a classification of K1 II-III,[6] indicating that it is a hotter, more evolved K-type star that has the luminosity class intermediate between a bright giant and giant star. The primary has 2.45 times the mass of the Sun[8] but it has expanded to 25.39 times the radius of the Sun.[10] It radiates 240 times the luminosity of the Sun[10] from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,512 K,[11] giving it an orange-hued when viewed in the night sky.

The secondary has a similar mass to the primary[8] but it is smaller, having a radius 10.15 times that of the Sun.[13] 35 Sextantis B radiates 57.2 times the luminosity of the Sun[13] from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5030 K.[11] Both stars are metal deficient with iron abundances of [Fe/H] = −0.17 and [Fe/H] = −0.16 respectively.[12] They spin modestly with projected rotational velocities of 3.7 km/s and 4.1 km/s.[7] The close companion has a mass 58% that of the Sun's,[8] suggesting that it may be a K-type main-sequence star.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P. et al. (March 2000). "The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics 355: L27–L30. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2000A&A...355L..27H. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Johnson, H. L.; Mitchell, R. I.; Iriarte, B.; Wisniewski, W. Z. (1966). "UBVRIJKL Photometry of the Bright Stars". Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 4: 99–110. Bibcode: 1966CoLPL...4...99J. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Abt, H. A. (March 1981). "Visual multiples. VII - MK classifications". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 45: 437. doi:10.1086/190719. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 1981ApJS...45..437A. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lutz, T. E.; Lutz, J. H. (1977). "Spectral classification and UBV photometry of bright visual double stars". The Astronomical Journal 82: 431. doi:10.1086/112066. Bibcode: 1977AJ.....82..431L. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Tokovinin, A. A.; Smekhov, M. G. (January 2002). "Statistics of spectroscopic sub-systems in visual multiple stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics 382 (1): 118–123. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011586. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2002A&A...382..118T. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Tokovinin, A. (September 11, 2008). "Comparative statistics and origin of triple and quadruple stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 389 (2): 925–938. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13613.x. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.389..925T. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Tokovinin, A. A.; Gorynya, N. A. (April 2007). "New spectroscopic components in multiple systems. V.". Astronomy & Astrophysics 465 (1): 257–261. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066888. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2007A&A...465..257T. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Brown, A. G. A. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G.  Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Stassun, Keivan G. et al. (9 September 2019). "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List". The Astronomical Journal 158 (4): 138. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467. Bibcode: 2019AJ....158..138S. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Anders, F. et al. (August 2019). "Photo-astrometric distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for Gaia DR2 stars brighter than G = 18". Astronomy & Astrophysics 628: A94. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935765. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2019A&A...628A..94A. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Brown, A. G. A. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G.  Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  14. ↑ Verbunt, F.; van Gent, R. H. (June 2010). "The star catalogue of Hevelius: Machine-readable version and comparison with the modern Hipparcos Catalogue". Astronomy and Astrophysics 516: A29. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014003. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2010A&A...516A..29V. 
  15. ↑ "* 35 Sex". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=%2A+35+Sex. 
  16. ↑ Famaey, B.; Jorissen, A.; Luri, X.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S.; Dejonghe, H.; Turon, C. (January 2005). "Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics 430: 165. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041272. Bibcode: 2005A&A...430..165F. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (December 2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal 122 (6): 3466–3471. doi:10.1086/323920. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2001AJ....122.3466M. 
  18. ↑ Heintz, W. D. (July 1975). "Micrometer observations of double stars.8.". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 29: 315. doi:10.1086/190345. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 1975ApJS...29..315H. 
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