Astronomy:Abell 402 BCG
| Abell 402 BCG | |
|---|---|
 DESI Legacy Surveys image of Abell 402 BCG | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Eridanus |
| Right ascension | 02h 57m 41.06s[1] |
| Declination | −22° 09′ 17.76″[1] |
| Redshift | 0.306100[1] |
| Helio radial velocity | 91,766 ± 5783 km/s[1] |
| Distance | 4,411.3 ± 500.1 Mly (1,352.51 ± 153.34 Mpc)[1] |
| Group or cluster | Abell 402 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | BrClG[1] |
| Size | ~706,000 ly (216.4 kpc) (estimated)[1] |
| Other designations | |
| 2MASX J02574108−2209179, APMUKS(BJ) B025526.38−222116.2, 2CXO J025741.0−220918, MACS J0257.6−2209 BCG[1], LEDA 3648368 | |
Abell 402 BCG (Short for Abell 402 Brightest Cluster Galaxy) is a massive elliptical galaxy residing in the center as the brightest cluster galaxy of the galaxy cluster, Abell 402 also known as MACS J0257.6-2209.[2] The redshift of the galaxy is estimated to be (z) 0.306[1] and it is located in the constellation of Eridanus.
Description
Abell 402 BCG is the central galaxy of Abell 402.[3] There is a presence of a bright point-like source depicted to have a wavelength dependence that has characteristics of a typical active galactic nucleus (AGN). A dark region is also found in the east direction from the source thought to be a region of dust that is located near the BCG's center. A large diffused core is present, suggesting it hosts an ultramassive black hole whose mass is estimated to be 1010 Mʘ.[4] The total stellar mass of the BCG is estimated to be 0.74 × 1012 Mʘ.[5]
The cavity region of the BCG has two sets of emission lines that are kinematically distinctive to each other and separated by 370 kilometers per seconds, along the line of sight. There also other emission lines rich in h-alpha, h-beta and doubly ionized oxygen elements, but however the emission lines are categorized as narrow, suggesting no broad-line AGN lies in the BCG. The components are also offset with the redshifted source displaying doubly ionized oxygen emission without detections of singly ionized nitrogen whereas the blueshifted source shows more of a LINER-type emission-line ratios.[4] Further evidence also suggests the cavity region may also contain a binary pair of supermassive black holes, making them the largest ever pair found, with a combined binary mass of 6 ± 2 × 1010 Mʘ suggesting a recent galaxy merger.[4][6]
A study found faint traces of radio emission centering on the BCG with presence of discrete sources that are possibly associated with other cluster galaxies.[7] The BCG is also found to have an X-ray peak offset of 28 kiloparsecs.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "NED Search results for Abell 402 BCG". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=MACS+J0257.6-2209+BCG&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1.
- ↑ Ebeling, H.; Edge, A. C.; Mantz, A.; Barrett, E.; Henry, J. Patrick; Ma, C. J.; Van Speybroeck, L. (2010-06-22). "The X-ray brightest clusters of galaxies from the Massive Cluster Survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 407 (1): 83–93. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16920.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.407...83E.
- ↑ Hensley, Kerry (2026-05-11). "Into the Void: Investigating the Heart of a Giant Elliptical Galaxy" (in en-US). https://aasnova.org/2026/05/11/into-the-void-investigating-the-heart-of-a-giant-elliptical-galaxy/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 McDonald, Michael; Khullar, Gourav; Lagattuta, David; Mahler, Guillaume; Dattathri, Shashank; Diego, Jose M.; Edge, Alastair C.; Floyd, Benjamin et al. (2026-04-23). "A Kiloparsec-scale Stellar Cavity in the Center of A402-BCG May Be Caused by Dynamic Interactions with an Ultramassive Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 (1): L19. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae5bbe. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2026ApJ..1002L..19M.
- ↑ Lidman, C.; Suherli, J.; Muzzin, A.; Wilson, G.; Demarco, R.; Brough, S.; Rettura, A.; Cox, J. et al. (2012-11-01). "Evidence for significant growth in the stellar mass of brightest cluster galaxies over the past 10 billion years". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 427 (1): 550–568. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21984.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.427..550L.
- ↑ Johnson-Groh, Mara (2026-05-11). "Astronomers may have found a record-breaking pair of black holes" (in en-US). https://www.sciencenews.org/article/largest-pair-black-holes-collision.
- ↑ Giovannini, G.; Cau, M.; Bonafede, A.; Ebeling, H.; Feretti, L.; Girardi, M.; Gitti, M.; Govoni, F. et al. (2020-08-01). "Diffuse radio sources in a statistically complete sample of high-redshift galaxy clusters" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 640: A108. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038263. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...640A.108G. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/08/aa38263-20/aa38263-20.html.
- ↑ Véliz Astudillo, S.; Carrasco, E. R.; Nilo Castellón, J. L.; Zenteno, A.; Cuevas, H. (January 2025). "The effect of dynamical states on galaxy cluster populations". Astronomy & Astrophysics 693: A106. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451679. ISSN 0004-6361.
External links
- Abell 402 BCG on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
- Abell 402 BCG on HyperLeda
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