Astronomy:G 196-3
| Observation data Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Ursa Major[1] |
| Right ascension | 10h 04m 21.4627s[2] |
| Declination | 50° 23′ 13.386″[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.7[3] |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | main sequence[4] |
| Spectral type | M3.0V[5] |
| U−B color index | +1.67[citation needed] |
| B−V color index | +1.16[citation needed] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | 11.7[2] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −141.079[2] mas/yr Dec.: −202.336[2] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 45.8541 ± 0.0188[2] mas |
| Distance | 71.13 ± 0.03 ly (21.808 ± 0.009 pc) |
| Details | |
| Mass | 0.525[6] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.52[7] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.00431[6] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 5.0[4] cgs |
| Temperature | 3,485[6] K |
| Rotation | 1.315 days[7] |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 16.6[7] km/s |
| Age | 38[3] Myr |
| Other designations | |
TYC 3440-13-1, NLTT 23293 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
G 196-3 is a young low-mass M dwarf type star which is about 100 million years old. The star is located within the Ursa Major constellation about 71.1 light years away[2] from the Earth. During observations by Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, Spain in 1998, a substellar-mass object was discovered to orbit approximately 300 astronomical units (AU) from the star. It was detected using direct imaging.[8][9][10][11]
Substellar companion
Observations of the substellar object were performed on January 25, 1998 where a faint red companion was present 16.2 arc seconds southwest of the star. A comparison of images taken at different wavelengths was done using low-intermediate-resolution spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a substellar object which was named G 196-3B. The Further observations confirmed the discovery when the team of Rafael Rebolo obtained R & I broadband photometry on March 19, 1998. The TCS Telescope showed its very cool nature in near-infrared (K Band). The comparison of the optical and infrared magnitudes including dust condensation has allowed astronomers to conclude that the substellar object was 25–10+15 Jupiter masses or simply 25 masses that of the Jovian-planet Jupiter. This was the second[12][13] discovery of a brown dwarf that was found around a low-mass star whose age[14] was relatively young. The separation of the star and the substellar object has suggested that both were parts of a fragment from a collapsing cloud although another possible scenario suggests that it originated from a dissipated protoplanetary disk.[15][8][16][17][18][19]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 26±1 MJ | 350±1 | — | — | — | 1.36±0.23 RJ |
See also
References
- ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 99 (617): 695. doi:10.1086/132034. Bibcode: 1987PASP...99..695R Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Meshkat, Tiffany; Mawet, Dimitri; Bryan, Marta L.; Hinkley, Sasha; Bowler, Brendan P.; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Batygin, Konstantin; Padgett, Deborah et al. (2017). "A Direct Imaging Survey of Spitzer-detected Debris Disks: Occurrence of Giant Planets in Dusty Systems". The Astronomical Journal 154 (6): 245. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa8e9a. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..245M.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lépine, Sébastien; Hilton, Eric J.; Mann, Andrew W.; Wilde, Matthew; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gaidos, Eric (2013). "A Spectroscopic Catalog of the Brightest (J < 9) M Dwarfs in the Northern Sky". The Astronomical Journal 145 (4): 102. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/4/102. Bibcode: 2013AJ....145..102L.
- ↑ Shkolnik, Evgenya; Liu, Michael C.; Reid, I. Neill (2009). "Identifying the Young Low-mass Stars within 25 pc. I. Spectroscopic Observations". The Astrophysical Journal 699 (1): 649. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/1/649. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...699..649S.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Apai, Dániel; Bergsten, Galen J.; Pascucci, Ilaria; López-Morales, Mercedes (2023). "Bioverse: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Capabilities of Extremely Large Telescopes to Probe Earth-like O2 Levels in Nearby Transiting Habitable-zone Exoplanets". The Astronomical Journal 165 (6): 267. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd1ec. Bibcode: 2023AJ....165..267H.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Bowler, Brendan P.; Tran, Quang H.; Zhang, Zhoujian; Morgan, Marvin; Ashok, Katelyn B.; Blunt, Sarah; Bryan, Marta L.; Evans, Analis E. et al. (2023). "Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments Are Common". The Astronomical Journal 165 (4): 164. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acbd34. Bibcode: 2023AJ....165..164B.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Rafael Rebolo (1998). "Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G 196-3". Science 282 (5392): 1309–1312. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1309. PMID 9812893. Bibcode: 1998Sci...282.1309R.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Wilson, John C.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James (2001). "Low-Luminosity Companions to Nearby Stars: Status of the 2MASS Data Search". Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 125. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56672-1_12. ISBN 978-3-642-56672-1. Bibcode: 2001udns.conf..125K.
- ↑ "G 196-3". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=G+196-3.
- ↑ "Lowell Proper Motion Survey 8991 Northern Stars (Giclas 1971) ReadMe". Centre de Donnes Astronomiques. http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?G%20196-3A.
- ↑ "G196-3B : the second discovery of a brown dwarf around a low-mass star". Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). http://www.iac.es/telescopes/cain/cain_resultados.html#G196-3B%20:%20the%20second%20discovery%20of%20a%20brown%20dwarf%20around%20a%20low-ma.
- ↑ R. Rebolo (2000). "Lithium in Brown Dwarfs". The Light Elements and Their Evolution, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 198, Held 22-26 Nov 1999, Natal, Brazil. Edited by L. Da Silva, R. De Medeiros, & M Spite, 2000 198: 299. Bibcode: 2000IAUS..198..299R.
- ↑ "ING Scientific Highlights in 1998". Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes. http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/AR1998/high_98.html.
- ↑ "Resultados más relevantes". IAC. http://www.iac.es/telescopes/cain/cain_resultados.html.
- ↑ "196-3B". ExtraSolar.net. http://www.extrasolar.net/planettour.asp?StarCatID=browndwarf&PlanetID=98.
- ↑ McGovern, Mark R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; McLean, Ian S.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, L.; Lowrance, Patrick J. (2004). "Identifying Young Brown Dwarfs Using Gravity-Sensitive Spectral Features". The Astrophysical Journal 600 (2): 1020–1024. doi:10.1086/379849. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...600.1020M. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/600/2/1020/17726.text.html.
- ↑ Allers; Liu; Dupuy; Cushing (2009). "Discovery of Young Dwarf L Binary". Astrophysical Journal 715 (561): 561–571. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...715..561A.
- ↑ "2MASSW J1004207+502300". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=2MASSW+J1004207%2B502300.
- ↑ "G 196-3 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/G%20196-3.
- ↑ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal 810 (2): 158. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357.
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