Astronomy:Graphical timeline of the universe
From HandWiki
Short description: Visual timeline of the universe
 | This article duplicates the scope of other articles. (September 2020) |
This more than 20-billion-year timeline of our universe shows the best estimates of major events from the universe's beginning to anticipated future events. Zero on the scale is the present day. A large step on the scale is one billion years; a small step, one hundred million years. The past is denoted by a minus sign: e.g., the oldest rock on Earth was formed about four billion years ago and this is marked at -4e+09 years, where 4e+09 represents 4 times 10 to the power of 9. The "Big Bang" event most likely happened 13.8 billion years ago; see age of the universe.
Timeline
<timeline> ImageSize = width:773 height:2000 PlotArea = left:60 right:60 bottom:45 top:45 AlignBars = early
Colors =
id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0.7) # light yellow id:period2 value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # light blue id:events value:rgb(1,0.7,1) # light purple id:time1 Value:yellowgreen id:time2 value:lightorange id:elapse1 Value:coral id:elapse2 Value:lavender id:grayKindOf Value:gray(0.93) id:WhiteDwarf Value:rgb(0.92,0.92,1) id:phanerozoic value:rgb(0.435,0.854,0.929) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.964,0.925,0.223) id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.027,0.792,0.917) id:paleozoic value:rgb(0.572,0.764,0.627) id:precambrian value:rgb(0.996,0.356,0.443) id:proterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.298,0.407) id:neoproterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.717,0.341) id:mesoproterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.721,0.446) id:paleoproterozoic value:rgb(0.996,0.356,0.443) id:archean value:rgb(0.996,0,0.486) id:neoarchean value:rgb(0.996,0.65,0.729) id:mesoarchean value:rgb(0.996,0.486,0.639) id:paleoarchean value:rgb(0.996,0.356,0.592) id:eoarchean value:rgb(0.933,0,0.490) id:hadean value:rgb(0.796,0.011,0.505) id:prenectarian value:rgb(0.561,0.098,0.149) id:nectarian value:rgb(0.898,0.329,0.071) id:imbrian value:rgb(0,0.481,0.811) id:earlyimbrian value:rgb(0,0.404,0.741) id:lateimbrian value:rgb(0,0.557,0.882) id:eratosthenian value:rgb(0.655,0.839,0.027) id:copernican value:rgb(1,0.961,0) id:sidericol value:rgb(1,0.4,0.3) id:theiicol value:rgb(1,0.2,0.5) id:phyllocol value:rgb(0.7,0.4,1)
Period = from:-13700000000 till:8000000000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000000000 start:-13000000000 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100000000 start:-13700000000
TextData =
fontsize:M
- tabs:(210-left)
pos:(10,1990) text:"Years from now"
LineData =
layer:front at: 7500000000 frompos:60 tillpos:71 width:0.5 color:teal # Helium flash points:(71,1910)(104,1832) width:0.5 color:teal points:(104,1832)(115,1832) width:0.5 color:teal at: 0 width:10 color:tan1 layer:back # This present day at:-4670000000 frompos:60 tillpos:74 width:0.5 color:teal # Giant planets formed points:(74,839)(104,811) width:0.5 color:teal points:(104,811)(115,811) width:0.5 color:teal at:-4730000000 frompos:60 tillpos:71 width:0.5 color:teal # Ancient supernova points:(71,833)(104,795) width:0.5 color:teal points:(104,795)(115,795) width:0.5 color:teal
BarData =
bar:Bar1 bar:Dummy1 bar:Dummy2 bar:Dummy3 bar:GalaxyBar bar:SunBar bar:LifeBar bar:SuperEonBar bar:EonBar bar:EraBar bar:LunarBar bar:MarsBar
PlotData=
width:53 textcolor:black fontsize:M
bar:Bar1 mark:(line,teal) color:events align:left shift:(40,-5) from:-13700000000 till:-13300000000 mark:(line,white) text:"10-17 million years - Habitable epoch begins" shift:(290,2) at:-13700000000 text:"Origin of our universe, Big Bang theory" shift:(240,4) from:-13600000000 till:-13300000000 mark:(line,white) text:"Reionization, first stars began to shine" at:-13600000000 text: "Oldest stars in the Universe" at:-13100000000 text:"Formation of the first galaxies" shift:(40,0) at:-10000000000 text:"Earliest Population I stars" at: -4730000000 text:"Ancient supernova possibly~triggers formation of the Sun" shift:(40,-44) mark:(line,white) at: -4670000000 text:"Giant planets formed" shift:(40,-32) mark:(line,white) at: -4630000000 text:"Sun ignites hydrogen fusion~4.63 billion years ago (or 4.57)" shift:(40,-4) at: -4570000000 text:"Formation of the Earth, 4.57 billion~years ago (or 4.54)" mark:(line,white) shift:(357,-12) at: -4400000000 text:"Zircon, oldest mineral" shift:(40,-5) at: -4030000000 text:"Oldest rock~formation on Earth" from:-600000000 till:-500000000 mark:(line,white) text:"Evolution of multicellular life" at: -220000000 text:"Evolution of mammals" at: 0 text:"The present day" mark:(line,tan1) fontsize:L at: 1000000000 text:"Sun becomes too hot for life~on Earth's surface" at: 1900000000 text:"Earth's oceans have evaporated" at: 3500000000 text:"Sun has increased~its emitted power by 40%" at: 3600000000 text:"Moon Triton crashes into~its planet Neptune" shift:(40,15) at: 5000000000 text:"Collision risk~Earth - Mars - Mercury" at: 7500000000 text:"Sun ignites helium fusion,~starting with helium flash" mark:(line,white) shift:(40,-84) at: 7630000000 text:"Sun casts out its outer layers,~making a planetary nebula,~leaving the hot core in the~center, emitting 100 times~more power than Sun today" at: end text:"Sun has cooled down to the ~same power as today. It will ~continue cooling until it ~becomes a Black dwarf." shift:(40,23)
bar:GalaxyBar mark:(line,white) align:center shift:(0,0) color:skyblue from:-10100000000 till:-6500000000 text:"Formation of the Milky Way galactic disk" from: -4670000000 till:-4570000000 text:"Formation of~Terrestrial planets" shift:(-30,20) align:left from: -4180000000 till:-4080000000 text:"Late Heavy~Bombardment, while~planet Neptune~migrates outwards~away from Sun" shift:(-45,62) align:left from: 3000000000 till: 4000000000 text:"Milky Way and Andromeda~galaxies may collide and merge~to elliptical one" shift:(0,10) align:left
bar:SunBar mark:(line,white) align:center shift:(0,0) from:-4680000000 till:-4630000000 text:"Sun as Protostar" shift:(3,-14) color:claret mark:(line,claret) from:-4630000000 till: 5400000000 text:"Sun as Main-sequence star" color:yellow shift:(0,20) from: 5400000000 till: 7500000000 text:"Sun as Red giant, emitting~2,700 times more power than now.~Earth probably swallowed by Sun." color:magenta align:left shift:(-70,0) from: 7500000000 till: 7600000000 text:"Sun as~Horizontal~branch star" color:yelloworange shift:(0,-18) from: 7600000000 till: 7630000000 text:"Sun as Asymptotic~giant" color:red shift:(0,3) from: 7630000000 till: 8000000000 text:"Sun as White dwarf" color:whiteDwarf shift:(0,5)
bar:LifeBar align:center shift:(0,0) at:-4570000000 mark:(line,teal) text:"Water~delivered~to Earth" shift:(0,16) from:-4400000000 till:-2700000000 text:"Emergence of~Life on Earth" color:time1 shift:(0,30) from:-2700000000 till: 1000000000 text:"Life on Earth" color:drabgreen from: 1000000000 till: 5400000000 text:"Measures are taken~to cope with the~heating sun.~Otherwise only:~ ~Shielded~Life on Earth?" color:time1 shift:(0,-35) from: 5400000000 till: end text:"Life on Titan?" color:time2 shift:(0,5)
bar:SuperEonBar color:yellow align:center shift:(0,0) from:-4570000000 till: -542000000 color:precambrian text:"Precambrian" from: 1000000000 till: 5400000000 color:time2 shift:(0,0) text:"Life on Mars?" from: 7500000000 till: end color:time1 shift:(0,10) align:left text:"Very Shielded ~Life on Mars?~if planet still exists"
- The click point of the links become misplaced (one inch to the left) when using align:right
bar:EonBar color:yellow align:center shift:(0,0) at: 350000000 shift:(30,0) mark:(line,white) fontsize:L text:"Earth's geological time scale of" at: 150000000 mark:(line,white) text:"Eons:" from: -542000000 till: 0 color:phanerozoic text:"Phanerozoic" from:-2500000000 till: -542000000 color:proterozoic text:"Proterozoic" from:-4000000000 till:-2500000000 color:archean text:"Archean" from:-4570000000 till:-4000000000 color:hadean text:"Hadean" shift:(0,5)
bar:EraBar color:blue mark:(line,grayKindOf) align:left shift:(0,0) at:150000000 mark:(line,white) text:"Eras:" from: -65500000 till:0 color:cenozoic text:"Cenozoic" from: -251000000 till: -65500000 color:mesozoic mark:(line,white) text:"Mesozoic" from: -542000000 till: -251000000 color:paleozoic mark:(line,white) text:"Paleozoic" from:-1000000000 till: -542000000 text:Neoproterozoic color:neoproterozoic from:-1600000000 till: -1000000000 text:Mesoproterozoic color:mesoproterozoic from:-2500000000 till: -1600000000 text:Paleoproterozoic color:paleoproterozoic from:-2800000000 till: -2500000000 text:Neoarchean color:neoarchean from:-3200000000 till: -2800000000 text:Mesoarchean color:mesoarchean from:-3600000000 till: -3200000000 text:Paleoarchean color:paleoarchean from:-4000000000 till: -3600000000 text:Eoarchean shift:(0,0) color:eoarchean from:-4570000000 till: -4000000000 text:Hadean color:hadean
bar:LunarBar color:yellow mark:(line,grayKindOf) align:left shift:(0,0) at:225000000 mark:(line,white) text:"Moon's:" from: -1100000000 till: 0 text:Copernican color:copernican from: -3200000000 till: -1100000000 shift:(0,-18) text:Eratosthenian color:eratosthenian
- from:-3850000000 till: -3200000000 text:Imbrian color:imbrian
from: -3800000000 till: -3200000000 shift:(0,-5) text:"Upper Imbrian" color:lateimbrian from: -3850000000 till: -3800000000 text:"Lower Imbrian" shift:(0,0) color:earlyimbrian from:-3920000000 till: -3850000000 shift:(0,-5) text:Nectarian color:nectarian from: -4570000000 till: -3920000000 text:Pre-Nectarian color:prenectarian
bar:MarsBar color:yellow mark:(line,grayKindOf) align:left shift:(0,0) at: 6000000000 align:center text:"ZOOM OUT~The Stelliferous Era" mark:(line,white) at:225000000 mark:(line,white) text:"Mars':" from: -3500000000 till: 0 text:Siderikan shift:(0,0) color:sidericol from: -4000000000 till: -3500000000 text:Theiikian color:theiicol shift:(0,5) from: -4570000000 till: -4000000000 text:Phyllocian color:phyllocol shift:(0,-9) at:-13700000000 align:center color:time1 mark:(line,white) shift:(0,2) text:"The Primordial Era~PREVIOUS"
</timeline>
See also
- Cosmic Calendar (age of the universe scaled to a single year)
- Formation and evolution of the Solar System
- Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death
- Graphical timeline of the Big Bang
- Graphical timeline of the Stelliferous Era
- Timeline of the early universe
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