Astronomy:List of Messier objects

Charles Messier

The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his "Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des Amas d'Étoiles" ("Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters"). A preliminary version first appeared in Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences in 1771,^[1]^[2] and the last item was added in 1966 by Kenneth Glyn Jones, based on Messier's observations.^[2] The first version of Messier's catalogue contained 45 objects and was published in 1774 in the journal of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris. In addition to his own discoveries, this version included objects previously observed by other astronomers, with only 17 of the 45 objects being Messier’s.^[3] By 1780 the catalog had increased to 80 objects. The final version of the catalogue containing 103 objects was published in 1781 in the Connaissance des Temps for the year 1784.^[4] However, due to what was thought for a long time to be the incorrect addition of Messier 102, the total number remained 102. Other astronomers, using side notes in Messier's texts, eventually filled out the list up to 110 objects.^[5]

The catalogue consists of a diverse range of astronomical objects, ranging from star clusters, nebula and galaxies. Messier 1 is the supernova remnant of Crab Nebula and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M 31. Many further inclusions followed in the next century when the first addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding Messier’s side note in his 1781 edition exemplar of the catalogue. M105 to M107 were added by Helen Sawyer Hogg in 1947, M108 and M109 by Owen Gingerich in 1960, and M110 by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967.^[6]

Because Messier was interested in finding only comets, he created a list of non-comet objects that frustrated his hunt for them. The compilation of this list, in collaboration with his assistant Pierre Méchain, is known as the Messier catalogue. This catalogue of objects is one of the most famous lists of astronomical objects, and many Messier objects are still referenced by their Messier number.^[7]

Messier objects

Open cluster Globular cluster Nebula Planetary nebula Supernova remnant Galaxy Other

Messier number	NGC/IC Number	Common name	Picture	Object type	Distance (kly)	Constellation	Apparent magnitude	Right Ascension	Declination
M1^[8]	NGC 1952	Crab Nebula		Supernova remnant	4.9–8.1	Taurus	8.4	05^h 34^m 31.94^s	+22° 00′ 52.2″
M2^[9]	NGC 7089			Cluster, globular	33	Aquarius	6.3	21^h 33^m 27.02^s	−00° 49′ 23.7″
M3^[10]	NGC 5272			Cluster, globular	33.9	Canes Venatici	6.2	13^h 42^m 11.62^s	+28° 22′ 38.2″
M4^[11]	NGC 6121			Cluster, globular	7.2	Scorpius	5.9	16^h 23^m 35.22^s	−26° 31′ 32.7″
M5^[12]	NGC 5904			Cluster, globular	24.5	Serpens	6.7	15^h 18^m 33.22^s	+02° 04′ 51.7″
M6^[13]	NGC 6405	Butterfly Cluster		Cluster, open	1.6	Scorpius	4.2	17^h 40.1^m	−32° 13′
M7^[14]	NGC 6475	Ptolemy Cluster		Cluster, open	0.65–1.31	Scorpius	3.3	17^h 53^m 51.2^s	−34° 47′ 34″
M8^[15]	NGC 6523	Lagoon Nebula		Nebula with cluster	4.1	Sagittarius	6.0	18^h 03^m 37^s	−24° 23′ 12″
M9^[16]	NGC 6333			Cluster, globular	25.8	Ophiuchus	8.4	17^h 19^m 11.78^s	−18° 30′ 58.5″
M10^[17]	NGC 6254			Cluster, globular	14.3	Ophiuchus	6.4	16^h 57^m 8.92^s	−04° 05′ 58.07″
M11^[18]	NGC 6705	Wild Duck Cluster		Cluster, open	6.2	Scutum	6.3	18^h 51.1^m	−06° 16′
M12^[19]	NGC 6218			Cluster, globular	15.7	Ophiuchus	7.7	16^h 47^m 14.18^s	−01° 56′ 54.7″
M13^[20]	NGC 6205	Great Globular Cluster in Hercules		Cluster, globular	22.2	Hercules	5.8	16^h 41^m 41.24^s	+36° 27′ 35.5″
M14^[21]	NGC 6402			Cluster, globular	30.3	Ophiuchus	8.3	17^h 37^m 36.15^s	−03° 14′ 45.3″
M15^[22]	NGC 7078			Cluster, globular	33	Pegasus	6.2	21^h 29^m 58.33^s	+12° 10′ 01.2″
M16^[23]	NGC 6611	Eagle Nebula		Nebula, H II region with cluster	7	Serpens	6.0	18^h 18^m 48^s	−13° 49′
M17^[24]	NGC 6618	Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, or Lobster Nebula		Nebula, H II region with cluster	5–6	Sagittarius	6.0	18^h 20^m 26^s	−16° 10′ 36″
M18^[25]	NGC 6613			Cluster, open	4.9	Sagittarius	7.5	18^h 19.9^m	−17° 08′
M19^[26]	NGC 6273			Cluster, globular	28.7	Ophiuchus	7.5	17^h 02^m 37.69^s	−26° 16′ 04.6″
M20^[27]	NGC 6514	Trifid Nebula		Nebula, H II region with cluster	5.2	Sagittarius	6.3	18^h 02^m 23^s	−23° 01′ 48″
M21^[28]	NGC 6531			Cluster, open	4.25	Sagittarius	6.5	18^h 04.6^m	−22° 30′
M22^[29]	NGC 6656	Sagittarius Cluster		Cluster, globular	9.6–11.6	Sagittarius	5.1	18^h 36^m 23.94^s	−23° 54′ 17.1″
M23^[30]	NGC 6494			Cluster, open	2.15	Sagittarius	6.9	17^h 56.8^m	−19° 01′
M24^[31]	IC 4715	Sagittarius Star Cloud		Milky Way star cloud	~10	Sagittarius	4.6	18^h 17^m	−18° 29′
M25^[32]	IC 4725			Cluster, open	2.0	Sagittarius	4.6	18^h 31.6^m	−19° 15′
M26^[33]	NGC 6694			Cluster, open	5.0	Scutum	8.0	18^h 45.2^m	−09° 24′
M27^[34]	NGC 6853	Dumbbell Nebula		Nebula, planetary	1.148–1.52	Vulpecula	7.5	19^h 59^m 36.340^s	+22° 43′ 16.09″
M28^[35]	NGC 6626			Cluster, globular	17.9	Sagittarius	7.7	18^h 24^m 32.89^s	−24° 52′ 11.4″
M29^[36]	NGC 6913	Cooling Tower		Cluster, open	7.2	Cygnus	7.1	20^h 23^m 56^s	+38° 31′ 24″
M30^[37]	NGC 7099			Cluster, globular	27.8–31	Capricornus	7.7	21^h 40^m 22.12	−23° 10′ 47.5″
M31^[38]	NGC 224	Andromeda Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral	2,430–2,650	Andromeda	3.4	00^h 42^m 44.3^s	+41° 16′ 9″
M32^[39]	NGC 221			Galaxy, dwarf elliptical	2,410–2,570	Andromeda	8.1	00^h 42^m 41.8^s	+40° 51′ 55″
M33^[40]	NGC 598	Triangulum Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral	2,380–3,070	Triangulum	5.7	01^h 33^m 50.02^s	+30° 39′ 36.7″
M34^[41]	NGC 1039			Cluster, open	1.5	Perseus	5.5	02^h 42.1^m	+42° 46′
M35^[42]	NGC 2168			Cluster, open	2.8	Gemini	5.3	06^h 09.1^m	+24° 21′
M36^[43]	NGC 1960			Cluster, open	4.1	Auriga	6.3	05^h 36^m 12^s	+34° 08′ 4″
M37^[44]	NGC 2099			Cluster, open	4.511	Auriga	6.2	05^h 52^m 18^s	+32° 33′ 02″
M38^[45]	NGC 1912			Cluster, open	4.2	Auriga	7.4	05^h 28^m 42^s	+35° 51′ 18″
M39^[46]	NGC 7092			Cluster, open	0.8244	Cygnus	5.5	21^h 31^m 42^s	+48° 25′ ″
M40^[47]		Winnecke 4		Double star WNC4	0.51	Ursa Major	9.7	12^h 22^m 12.5^s	+58° 4' 59"
M41^[48]	NGC 2287			Cluster, open	2.3	Canis Major	4.5	06^h 46.0^m	−20° 46′
M42^[49]	NGC 1976	Orion Nebula		Nebula, H II region	1.324–1.364	Orion	4.0	05^h 35^m 17.3	−05° 23′ 28″
M43^[50]	NGC 1982	De Mairan's Nebula		Nebula, H II region (part of the Orion Nebula)	1.6	Orion	9.0	05^h 35.6^m	−05° 16′
M44^[51]	NGC 2632	Beehive Cluster		Cluster, open	0.577	Cancer	3.7	08^h 40.4^m	+19° 59′
M45^[52]		Pleiades		Cluster, open	0.39–0.46	Taurus	1.6	03^h 47^m 24^s	+24° 07′ 00″
M46^[53]	NGC 2437			Cluster, open	5.4	Puppis	6.1	07^h 41.8^m	−14° 49′
M47^[54]	NGC 2422			Cluster, open	1.6	Puppis	4.2	07^h 36.6^m	−14° 30′
M48^[55]	NGC 2548			Cluster, open	1.5	Hydra	5.5	08^h 13.7^m	−05° 45′
M49^[56]	NGC 4472			Galaxy, elliptical	53,600–58,200	Virgo	9.4	12^h 29^m 46.7^s	+08° 00′ 02″
M50^[57]	NGC 2323			Cluster, open	3.2	Monoceros	5.9	07^h 03.2^m	−08° 20′
M51^[58]	NGC 5194, NGC 5195	Whirlpool Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral	19,000–27,000	Canes Venatici	8.4	13^h 29^m 52.7^s	+47° 11′ 43″
M52^[59]	NGC 7654			Cluster, open	5.0	Cassiopeia	5.0	23^h 24.2^m	+61° 35′
M53^[60]	NGC 5024			Cluster, globular	58	Coma Berenices	8.3	13^h 12^m 55.25^s	+18° 10′ 05.4″
M54^[61]	NGC 6715			Cluster, globular	87.4	Sagittarius	8.4	18^h 55^m 03.33^s	−30° 28′ 47.5″
M55^[62]	NGC 6809			Cluster, globular	17.6	Sagittarius	7.4	19^h 39^m 59.71^s	−30° 57′ 53.1″
M56^[63]	NGC 6779			Cluster, globular	32.9	Lyra	8.3	19^h 16^m 35.57^s	+30° 11′ 00.5″
M57^[64]	NGC 6720	Ring Nebula		Nebula, planetary	1.6–3.8	Lyra	8.8	18^h 53^m 35.079^s	+33° 01′ 45.03″
M58^[65]	NGC 4579			Galaxy, barred spiral	~63,000	Virgo	10.5	12^h 37^m 43.5^s	+11° 49′ 05″
M59^[66]	NGC 4621			Galaxy, elliptical	55,000–65,000	Virgo	10.6	12^h 42^m 02.3^s	+11° 38′ 49″
M60^[67]	NGC 4649			Galaxy, elliptical	51,000–59,000	Virgo	9.8	12^h 43^m 39.6^s	+11° 33′ 09″
M61^[68]	NGC 4303			Galaxy, spiral	50,200–54,800	Virgo	10.2	12^h 21^m 54.9^s	+04° 28′ 25″
M62^[69]	NGC 6266			Cluster, globular	22.2	Ophiuchus	7.4	17^h 01^m 12.60^s	−30° 06′ 44.5″
M63^[70]	NGC 5055	Sunflower Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral	37,000	Canes Venatici	9.3	13^h 15^m 49.3^s	+42° 01′ 45″
M64^[71]	NGC 4826	Black Eye Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral	22,000–26,000	Coma Berenices	9.4	12^h 56^m 43.7^s	+21° 40′ 58″
M65^[72]	NGC 3623	Leo Triplet		Galaxy, barred spiral	41,000–42,000	Leo	10.3	11^h 18^m 55.9^s	+13° 05′ 32″
M66^[73]	NGC 3627	Leo Triplet		Galaxy, barred spiral	31,000–41,000	Leo	8.9	11^h 20^m 15.0^s	+12° 59′ 30″
M67^[74]	NGC 2682			Cluster, open	2.61–2.93	Cancer	6.1	08^h 51.3^m	+11° 49′
M68^[75]	NGC 4590			Cluster, globular	33.6	Hydra	9.7	12^h 39^m 27.98^s	−26° 44′ 38.6″
M69^[76]	NGC 6637			Cluster, globular	29.7	Sagittarius	8.3	18^h 31^m 23.10^s	−32° 20′ 53.1″
M70^[77]	NGC 6681			Cluster, globular	29.4	Sagittarius	9.1	18^h 43^m 12.76^s	−32° 17′ 31.6″
M71^[78]	NGC 6838			Cluster, globular	13.0	Sagitta	6.1	19^h 53^m 46.49^s	+18° 46′ 45.1″
M72^[79]	NGC 6981			Cluster, globular	53.40–55.74	Aquarius	9.4	20^h 53^m 27.70^s	−12° 32′ 14.3″
M73^[80]	NGC 6994			Asterism	~2.5	Aquarius	9.0	20^h 58^m 54^s	−12° 38′
M74^[81]	NGC 628			Galaxy, spiral	24,000–36,000	Pisces	10.0	01^h 36^m 41.8^s	+15° 47′ 01″
M75^[82]	NGC 6864			Cluster, globular	67.5	Sagittarius	9.2	20^h 06^m 04.75^s	−21° 55′ 16.2″
M76^[83]	NGC 650, NGC 651	Little Dumbbell Nebula		Nebula, planetary	2.5	Perseus	10.1	01^h 42.4^m	+51° 34′ 31″
M77^[84]	NGC 1068	Cetus A		Galaxy, spiral	47,000	Cetus	9.6	02^h 42^m 40.7^s	−00° 00′ 48″
M78^[85]	NGC 2068			Nebula, diffuse	1.6	Orion	8.3	05^h 46^m 46.7^s	+00° 00′ 50″
M79^[86]	NGC 1904			Cluster, globular	41	Lepus	8.6	05^h 24^m 10.59^s	−24° 31′ 27.3″
M80^[87]	NGC 6093			Cluster, globular	32.6	Scorpius	7.9	16^h 17^m 02.41^s	−22° 58′ 33.9″
M81^[88]	NGC 3031	Bode's Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral	11,400–12,200	Ursa Major	6.9	09^h 55^m 33.2^s	+69° 3′ 55″
M82^[89]	NGC 3034	Cigar Galaxy		Galaxy, starburst	10,700–12,300	Ursa Major	8.4	09^h 55^m 52.2^s	+69° 40′ 47″
M83^[90]	NGC 5236	Southern Pinwheel Galaxy		Galaxy, barred spiral	14,700	Hydra	7.5	13^h 37^m 00.9^s	−29° 51′ 57″
M84^[91]	NGC 4374			Galaxy, lenticular	57,000–63,000	Virgo	10.1	12^h 25^m 03.7^s	+12° 53′ 13″
M85^[92]	NGC 4382			Galaxy, lenticular	56,000–64,000	Coma Berenices	10.0	12^h 25^m 24.0^s	+18° 11′ 28″
M86^[93]	NGC 4406			Galaxy, lenticular	49,000–55,000	Virgo	9.8	12^h 26^m 11.7^s	+12° 56′ 46″
M87^[94]	NGC 4486	Virgo A		Galaxy, elliptical	51,870–55,130	Virgo	9.6	12^h 30^m 49.42338^s	+12° 23′ 28.0439″
M88^[95]	NGC 4501			Galaxy, spiral	39,000–56,000	Coma Berenices	10.4	12^h 31^m 59.2^s	+14° 25′ 14″
M89^[96]	NGC 4552			Galaxy, elliptical	47,000–53,000	Virgo	10.7	12^h 35^m 39.8^s	+12° 33′ 23″
M90^[97]	NGC 4569			Galaxy, spiral	55,900–61,500	Virgo	10.3	12^h 36^m 49.8^s	+13° 09′ 46″
M91^[98]	NGC 4548			Galaxy, barred spiral	47,000–79,000	Coma Berenices	11.0	12^h 35^m 26.4^s	+14° 29′ 47″
M92^[99]	NGC 6341			Cluster, globular	26.7	Hercules	6.3	17^h 17^m 07.39^s	+43° 08′ 09.4″
M93^[100]	NGC 2447			Cluster, open	3.6	Puppis	6.0	07^h 44.6^m	−23° 52′
M94^[101]	NGC 4736			Galaxy, spiral	14,700–17,300	Canes Venatici	9.0	12^h 50^m 53.1^s	+41° 07′ 14″
M95^[102]	NGC 3351			Galaxy, barred spiral	31,200–34,000	Leo	11.4	10^h 43^m 57.7^s	+11° 42′ 14″
M96^[103]	NGC 3368			Galaxy, spiral	28,000–34,000	Leo	10.1	10^h 46^m 45.7^s	+11° 49′ 12″
M97^[104]	NGC 3587	Owl Nebula		Nebula, planetary	2.03	Ursa Major	9.9	11^h 14^m 47.734^s	+55° 01′ 08.50″
M98^[105]	NGC 4192			Galaxy, spiral	44,400	Coma Berenices	11.0	12^h 13^m 48.292^s	+14° 54′ 01.69″
M99^[106]	NGC 4254			Galaxy, spiral	44,700–55,700	Coma Berenices	10.4	12^h 18^m 49.6^s	+14° 24′ 59″
M100^[107]	NGC 4321			Galaxy, spiral	55,000	Coma Berenices	10.1	12^h 22^m 54.9^s	+15° 49′ 21″
M101^[108]	NGC 5457	Pinwheel Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral	19,100–22,400	Ursa Major	7.9	14^h 03^m 12.6^s	+54° 20′ 57″
M102^[109]	NGC 5866	Spindle Galaxy		Galaxy, lenticular	50,000	Draco	10.7	15^h 06^m 29.5^s	+55° 45′ 48″
M103^[110]	NGC 581			Cluster, open	10	Cassiopeia	7.4	01^h 33.2^m	+60° 42′
M104^[111]	NGC 4594	Sombrero Galaxy		Galaxy, spiral^{[disputed – discuss]}	28,700–30,900	Virgo	9.0	12^h 39^m 59.4^s	−11° 37′ 23″
M105^[112]	NGC 3379			Galaxy, elliptical	30,400–33,600	Leo	10.2	10^h 47^m 49.6^s	+12° 34′ 54″
M106^[113]	NGC 4258			Galaxy, spiral	22,200–25,200	Canes Venatici	9.1	12^h 18^m 57.5^s	+47° 18′ 14″
M107^[114]	NGC 6171			Cluster, globular	20.9	Ophiuchus	8.9	16^h 32^m 31.86^s	−13° 03′ 13.6″
M108^[115]	NGC 3556			Galaxy, barred spiral	46,000	Ursa Major	10.7	11^h 11^m 31.0^s	+55° 40′ 27″
M109^[116]	NGC 3992			Galaxy, barred spiral	59,500–107,500	Ursa Major	10.6	11^h 57^m 36.0^s	+53° 22′ 28″
M110^[117]	NGC 205			Galaxy, dwarf elliptical	2,600–2,780	Andromeda	9.0	00^h 40^m 22.1^s	+41° 41′ 07″
Messier number	NGC Number	Common name	Picture	Object type	Distance (kly)	Constellation	Apparent magnitude	Right Ascension	Declination

Star chart of Messier objects

Messier Star Chart.

References

↑ "Charles Messier's Original Catalog of 1771". Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. June 15, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20170313190707/http://messier.seds.org/xtra/history/m-cat71.html. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "Messier catalog". http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377197/Messier-catalog. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
↑ Knight, J. D.. "Meet the Astronomers: Charles Messier". http://www.seasky.org/space-exploration/astronomers-charles-messier.html. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
↑ Charles Messier, 1781. Catalogue des Nébuleuses & des amas d'Étoiles. Connoissance des Temps Pour l'Année 1784 (published 1781), pp. 227–267 Bibcode: 1781CdT..1784..227M.
"Original Messier Catalog of 1781". Original Messier Catalog of 1781. http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Mcat/mcat1781.html#messier1781. Retrieved 10 November 2007.
↑ "SEDS Messier Database". The Messier Catalog. 2015-05-27. http://messier.seds.org/.
↑ Moore, Patrick (1979). The Guinness Book of Astronomy. Guinness Superlatives. ISBN 0-900424-76-1.
↑ "Original Messier Catalog of 1781". 2007-11-10. http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Mcat/mcat1781.html#messier1781.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 1". http://messier.seds.org/m/m001.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 2". http://messier.seds.org/m/m002.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 3". http://messier.seds.org/m/m003.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 4". http://messier.seds.org/m/m004.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 5". http://messier.seds.org/m/m005.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 6". http://messier.seds.org/m/m006.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 7". http://messier.seds.org/m/m007.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 8". http://messier.seds.org/m/m008.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 9". http://messier.seds.org/m/m009.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 10". http://messier.seds.org/m/m010.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 11". http://messier.seds.org/m/m011.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 12". http://messier.seds.org/m/m012.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 13". http://messier.seds.org/m/m013.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 14". http://messier.seds.org/m/m014.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 15". http://messier.seds.org/m/m015.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 16". http://messier.seds.org/m/m016.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 17". http://messier.seds.org/m/m017.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 18". http://messier.seds.org/m/m018.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 19". http://messier.seds.org/m/m019.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 20". http://messier.seds.org/m/m020.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 21". http://messier.seds.org/m/m021.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 22". http://messier.seds.org/m/m022.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 23". http://messier.seds.org/m/m023.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 24". http://messier.seds.org/m/m024.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 25". http://messier.seds.org/m/m025.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 26". http://messier.seds.org/m/m026.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 27". http://messier.seds.org/m/m027.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 28". http://messier.seds.org/m/m028.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 29". http://messier.seds.org/m/m029.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 30". http://messier.seds.org/m/m030.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 31". http://messier.seds.org/m/m031.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 32". http://messier.seds.org/m/m032.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 33". http://messier.seds.org/m/m033.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 34". http://messier.seds.org/m/m034.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 35". http://messier.seds.org/m/m035.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 36". http://messier.seds.org/m/m036.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 37". http://messier.seds.org/m/m037.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 38". http://messier.seds.org/m/m038.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 39". http://messier.seds.org/m/m039.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 40". http://messier.seds.org/m/m040.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 41". http://messier.seds.org/m/m041.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 42". http://messier.seds.org/m/m042.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 43". http://messier.seds.org/m/m043.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 44". http://messier.seds.org/m/m044.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 45". http://messier.seds.org/m/m045.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 46". http://messier.seds.org/m/m046.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 47". http://messier.seds.org/m/m047.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 48". http://messier.seds.org/m/m048.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 49". http://messier.seds.org/m/m049.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 50". http://messier.seds.org/m/m050.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 51". http://messier.seds.org/m/m051.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 52". http://messier.seds.org/m/m052.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 53". http://messier.seds.org/m/m053.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 54". http://messier.seds.org/m/m054.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 55". http://messier.seds.org/m/m055.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 56". http://messier.seds.org/m/m056.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 57". http://messier.seds.org/m/m057.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 58". http://messier.seds.org/m/m058.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 59". http://messier.seds.org/m/m059.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 60". http://messier.seds.org/m/m060.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 61". http://messier.seds.org/m/m061.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 62". http://messier.seds.org/m/m062.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 63". http://messier.seds.org/m/m063.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 64". http://messier.seds.org/m/m064.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 65". http://messier.seds.org/m/m065.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 66". http://messier.seds.org/m/m066.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 67". http://messier.seds.org/m/m067.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 68". http://messier.seds.org/m/m068.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 69". http://messier.seds.org/m/m069.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 70". http://messier.seds.org/m/m070.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 71". http://messier.seds.org/m/m071.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 72". http://messier.seds.org/m/m072.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 73". http://messier.seds.org/m/m073.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 74". http://messier.seds.org/m/m074.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 75". http://messier.seds.org/m/m075.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 76". http://messier.seds.org/m/m076.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 77". http://messier.seds.org/m/m077.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 78". http://messier.seds.org/m/m078.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 79". http://messier.seds.org/m/m079.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 80". http://messier.seds.org/m/m080.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 81". http://messier.seds.org/m/m081.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 82". http://messier.seds.org/m/m082.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 83". http://messier.seds.org/m/m083.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 84". http://messier.seds.org/m/m084.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 85". http://messier.seds.org/m/m085.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 86". http://messier.seds.org/m/m086.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 87". http://messier.seds.org/m/m087.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 88". http://messier.seds.org/m/m088.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 89". http://messier.seds.org/m/m089.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 90". http://messier.seds.org/m/m090.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 91". http://messier.seds.org/m/m091.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 92". http://messier.seds.org/m/m092.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 93". http://messier.seds.org/m/m093.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 94". http://messier.seds.org/m/m094.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 95". http://messier.seds.org/m/m095.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 96". http://messier.seds.org/m/m096.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 97". http://messier.seds.org/m/m097.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 98". http://messier.seds.org/m/m098.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 99". http://messier.seds.org/m/m099.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 100". http://messier.seds.org/m/m100.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 101". http://messier.seds.org/m/m101.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 102". http://messier.seds.org/m/m102.html. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 103". http://messier.seds.org/m/m103.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 104". http://messier.seds.org/m/m104.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 105". http://messier.seds.org/m/m105.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 106". http://messier.seds.org/m/m106.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 107". http://messier.seds.org/m/m107.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 108". http://messier.seds.org/m/m108.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 109". http://messier.seds.org/m/m109.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
↑ Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 110". http://messier.seds.org/m/m110.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

External links

Interactive Messier Catalog Greenhawk Observatory
Messier database from SEDS
Clickable table of Messier Objects
Charles Messier's Original Catalogue.
Images of the 110 Messier objects by 2MASS project.

nn:Messierkatalogen#Lista over messierobjekt

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[1] "Charles Messier's Original Catalog of 1771". Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. June 15, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20170313190707/http://messier.seds.org/xtra/history/m-cat71.html. Retrieved November 5, 2015.

[Britannica-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "Messier catalog". http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377197/Messier-catalog. Retrieved May 27, 2015.

[3] Knight, J. D.. "Meet the Astronomers: Charles Messier". http://www.seasky.org/space-exploration/astronomers-charles-messier.html. Retrieved 2 September 2014.

[4] Charles Messier, 1781. Catalogue des Nébuleuses & des amas d'Étoiles. Connoissance des Temps Pour l'Année 1784 (published 1781), pp. 227–267 Bibcode: 1781CdT..1784..227M.
"Original Messier Catalog of 1781". Original Messier Catalog of 1781. http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Mcat/mcat1781.html#messier1781. Retrieved 10 November 2007.

[5] "SEDS Messier Database". The Messier Catalog. 2015-05-27. http://messier.seds.org/.

[6] Moore, Patrick (1979). The Guinness Book of Astronomy. Guinness Superlatives. ISBN 0-900424-76-1.

[7] "Original Messier Catalog of 1781". 2007-11-10. http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Mcat/mcat1781.html#messier1781.

[8] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 1". http://messier.seds.org/m/m001.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[9] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 2". http://messier.seds.org/m/m002.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[10] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 3". http://messier.seds.org/m/m003.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[11] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 4". http://messier.seds.org/m/m004.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[12] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 5". http://messier.seds.org/m/m005.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[13] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 6". http://messier.seds.org/m/m006.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[14] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 7". http://messier.seds.org/m/m007.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[15] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 8". http://messier.seds.org/m/m008.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[16] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 9". http://messier.seds.org/m/m009.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[17] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 10". http://messier.seds.org/m/m010.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[18] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 11". http://messier.seds.org/m/m011.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[19] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 12". http://messier.seds.org/m/m012.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[20] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 13". http://messier.seds.org/m/m013.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[21] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 14". http://messier.seds.org/m/m014.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[22] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 15". http://messier.seds.org/m/m015.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[23] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 16". http://messier.seds.org/m/m016.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[24] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 17". http://messier.seds.org/m/m017.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[25] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 18". http://messier.seds.org/m/m018.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[26] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 19". http://messier.seds.org/m/m019.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[27] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 20". http://messier.seds.org/m/m020.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[28] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 21". http://messier.seds.org/m/m021.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[29] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 22". http://messier.seds.org/m/m022.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[30] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 23". http://messier.seds.org/m/m023.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[31] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 24". http://messier.seds.org/m/m024.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[32] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 25". http://messier.seds.org/m/m025.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[33] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 26". http://messier.seds.org/m/m026.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[34] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 27". http://messier.seds.org/m/m027.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[35] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 28". http://messier.seds.org/m/m028.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[36] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 29". http://messier.seds.org/m/m029.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[37] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 30". http://messier.seds.org/m/m030.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[38] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 31". http://messier.seds.org/m/m031.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[39] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 32". http://messier.seds.org/m/m032.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[40] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 33". http://messier.seds.org/m/m033.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[41] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 34". http://messier.seds.org/m/m034.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[42] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 35". http://messier.seds.org/m/m035.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[43] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 36". http://messier.seds.org/m/m036.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[44] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 37". http://messier.seds.org/m/m037.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[45] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 38". http://messier.seds.org/m/m038.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[46] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 39". http://messier.seds.org/m/m039.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[47] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 40". http://messier.seds.org/m/m040.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[48] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 41". http://messier.seds.org/m/m041.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[49] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 42". http://messier.seds.org/m/m042.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[50] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 43". http://messier.seds.org/m/m043.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[51] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 44". http://messier.seds.org/m/m044.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[52] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 45". http://messier.seds.org/m/m045.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[53] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 46". http://messier.seds.org/m/m046.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[54] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 47". http://messier.seds.org/m/m047.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[55] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 48". http://messier.seds.org/m/m048.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[56] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 49". http://messier.seds.org/m/m049.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[57] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 50". http://messier.seds.org/m/m050.html. Retrieved 2014-03-17.

[58] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 51". http://messier.seds.org/m/m051.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[59] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 52". http://messier.seds.org/m/m052.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[60] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 53". http://messier.seds.org/m/m053.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[61] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 54". http://messier.seds.org/m/m054.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[62] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 55". http://messier.seds.org/m/m055.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[63] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 56". http://messier.seds.org/m/m056.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[64] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 57". http://messier.seds.org/m/m057.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[65] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 58". http://messier.seds.org/m/m058.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[66] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 59". http://messier.seds.org/m/m059.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[67] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 60". http://messier.seds.org/m/m060.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[68] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 61". http://messier.seds.org/m/m061.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[69] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 62". http://messier.seds.org/m/m062.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[70] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 63". http://messier.seds.org/m/m063.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[71] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 64". http://messier.seds.org/m/m064.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[72] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 65". http://messier.seds.org/m/m065.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[73] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 66". http://messier.seds.org/m/m066.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[74] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 67". http://messier.seds.org/m/m067.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[75] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 68". http://messier.seds.org/m/m068.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[76] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 69". http://messier.seds.org/m/m069.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[77] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 70". http://messier.seds.org/m/m070.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[78] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 71". http://messier.seds.org/m/m071.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[79] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 72". http://messier.seds.org/m/m072.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[80] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 73". http://messier.seds.org/m/m073.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[81] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 74". http://messier.seds.org/m/m074.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[82] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 75". http://messier.seds.org/m/m075.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[83] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 76". http://messier.seds.org/m/m076.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[84] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 77". http://messier.seds.org/m/m077.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[85] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 78". http://messier.seds.org/m/m078.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[86] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 79". http://messier.seds.org/m/m079.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[87] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 80". http://messier.seds.org/m/m080.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[88] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 81". http://messier.seds.org/m/m081.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[89] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 82". http://messier.seds.org/m/m082.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[90] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 83". http://messier.seds.org/m/m083.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[91] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 84". http://messier.seds.org/m/m084.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[92] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 85". http://messier.seds.org/m/m085.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[93] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 86". http://messier.seds.org/m/m086.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[94] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 87". http://messier.seds.org/m/m087.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[95] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 88". http://messier.seds.org/m/m088.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[96] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 89". http://messier.seds.org/m/m089.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[97] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 90". http://messier.seds.org/m/m090.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[98] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 91". http://messier.seds.org/m/m091.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[99] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 92". http://messier.seds.org/m/m092.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[100] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 93". http://messier.seds.org/m/m093.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[101] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 94". http://messier.seds.org/m/m094.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[102] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 95". http://messier.seds.org/m/m095.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[103] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 96". http://messier.seds.org/m/m096.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[104] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 97". http://messier.seds.org/m/m097.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[105] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 98". http://messier.seds.org/m/m098.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[106] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 99". http://messier.seds.org/m/m099.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[107] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 100". http://messier.seds.org/m/m100.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[108] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 101". http://messier.seds.org/m/m101.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[109] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 102". http://messier.seds.org/m/m102.html. Retrieved 2016-12-28.

[110] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 103". http://messier.seds.org/m/m103.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[111] Messier, Charles (1771). "Messier 104". http://messier.seds.org/m/m104.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[112] Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 105". http://messier.seds.org/m/m105.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[113] Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 106". http://messier.seds.org/m/m106.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[114] Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 107". http://messier.seds.org/m/m107.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[115] Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 108". http://messier.seds.org/m/m108.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[116] Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 109". http://messier.seds.org/m/m109.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

[117] Messier, Charles (1783). "Messier 110". http://messier.seds.org/m/m110.html. Retrieved 2014-03-18.

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v t e Messier objects
List	M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 Added M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110
See also	Caldwell catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Herschel 400 Catalogue Index Catalogue New General Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue
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