Astronomy:Herschel 400 Catalogue

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Short description: Catalogue of astronomical objects

The Herschel 400 catalogue is a subset of William Herschel's original Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, selected by Brenda F. Guzman (Branchett), Lydel Guzman, Paul Jones, James Morris, Peggy Taylor and Sara Saey of the Ancient City Astronomy Club in St. Augustine, Florida, United States

Short description: Latin loanword meaning "approximately, around" 
CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[1] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known.

When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty.

Examples

  • 1732–1799: Both years are known precisely.
  • c. 1732 – 1799: The beginning year is approximate; the end year is known precisely.
  • 1732 – c. 1799: The beginning year is known precisely; the end year is approximate.
  • c. 1732 – c. 1799: Both years are approximate.

See also

  • Floruit

References

  1. ↑ "circa". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/circa.  



1980.  They decided to generate the list after reading a letter[1] published in Sky & Telescope by James Mullaney of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.[2]

In this letter Mr. Mullaney suggested that William Herschel's original catalogue of 2,500 objects would be an excellent basis for deep sky object selection for amateur astronomers looking for a challenge after completing the Messier Catalogue.

The Herschel 400 is a subset of John Herschel's General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters published in 1864 of 5,000 objects, and hence also of the New General Catalogue.

The catalogue forms the basis of the Astronomical League's Herschel 400 club. In 1997, another subset of 400 Herschel objects was selected by the Rose City Astronomers of Portland, Oregon as the Herschel II list, which forms the basis of the Astronomical League's Herschel II Program.

Basic facts

  • The catalogue contains 400 objects.
  • All objects are from the NGC.
  • All objects are visible in mid northern latitudes, since they were all observed by Herschel from England.
  • All objects are visible in 150 mm (6") or larger telescopes.

Distribution of Herschel 400 objects

Distribution of Herschel 400 objects
Red = Galaxies, Green = Nebulae, Yellow = Star Clusters

Herschel 400 objects that are also Messier objects

The Herschel 400 contains 17 objects that are part of the Messier catalogue:

Messier NGC Common name Notes
M20 NGC 6514 Trifid Nebula
M33 NGC 598 Triangulum Galaxy
M47 NGC 2422
M48 NGC 2548
M51b NGC 5195 companion to the Whirlpool Galaxy
M61 NGC 4303 Swelling Spiral Galaxy
M76 NGC 651 Little Dumbbell Nebula,
Barbell Nebula (northern portion)
M82 NGC 3034 Cigar Galaxy
M91 NGC 4548
M102? NGC 5866 Spindle Galaxy uncertain Messier object designation
M104 NGC 4594 Sombrero Galaxy
M105 NGC 3379
M106 NGC 4258
M107 NGC 6171 Crucifix Cluster
M108 NGC 3556 Surfboard Galaxy
M109 NGC 3992 Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy
M110 NGC 205

Herschel 400 objects that are also Caldwell objects

The Herschel 400 catalogue pre-dates the Caldwell catalogue by about 15 years. The Caldwell catalogue contains 44 objects that are members of the Herschel 400:[3]

Caldwell NGC Common name
C2 NGC 40 Bow-Tie Nebula
C6 NGC 6543 Cat's Eye Nebula
C7 NGC 2403
C8 NGC 559
C10 NGC 663
C12 NGC 6946 Fireworks Galaxy
C13 NGC 457 Owl Cluster
C14 NGC 869 Double Cluster
C15 NGC 6826 Blinking Planetary
C16 NGC 7243
C18 NGC 185
C20 NGC 7000 North America Nebula
C21 NGC 4449
C22 NGC 7662 Blue Snowball
C23 NGC 891 Silver Sliver Galaxy
C25 NGC 2419
C28 NGC 752
C29 NGC 5005
C30 NGC 7331
C32 NGC 4631 Whale Galaxy
C36 NGC 4559
C37 NGC 6885
C38 NGC 4565 Needle Galaxy
C39 NGC 2392 Eskimo Nebula,
Clown Face Nebula
C40 NGC 3626
C42 NGC 7006
C43 NGC 7814
C44 NGC 7479
C45 NGC 5248
C47 NGC 6934
C48 NGC 2775
C50 NGC 2244 Satellite Cluster
C52 NGC 4697
C53 NGC 3115 Spindle Galaxy
C54 NGC 2506
C55 NGC 7009 Saturn Nebula
C56 NGC 246 Skull Nebula
C58 NGC 2360 Caroline's Cluster
C59 NGC 3242 Ghost of Jupiter
C60 NGC 4038 brighter of two Antennae Galaxies
C62 NGC 247
C64 NGC 2362 Tau Canis Majoris Cluster
C65 NGC 253 Sculptor Galaxy,
Silver Coin Galaxy
C66 NGC 5694

Number of objects by type in the Herschel 400

Type of object Number
of objects
Galaxies 231
Globular clusters 34
Nebulae 6
Star clusters 100
Star clusters and nebulae 5
Planetary nebulae 24
Total 400

Number of Herschel 400 objects in each constellation

Constellation No. of objects
Andromeda 6
Aquarius 4
Aquila 3
Aries 1
Auriga 6
Boötes 5
Camelopardalis 5
Cancer 1
Canes Venatici 17
Canis Major 4
Constellation No. of objects
Cassiopeia 16
Cepheus 7
Cetus 13
Coma Berenices 24
Corvus 3
Crater 1
Cygnus 10
Delphinus 3
Draco 5
Eridanus 3
Constellation No. of objects
Gemini 10
Hercules 2
Hydra 5
Lacerta 3
Leo 23
Leo Minor 10
Lepus 1
Libra 1
Lynx 3
Monoceros 14
Constellation No. of objects
Ophiuchus 15
Orion 8
Pegasus 5
Perseus 10
Pisces 2
Puppis 13
Pyxis 2
Sagittarius 18
Scorpius 2
Sculptor 3
Constellation No. of objects
Scutum 2
Serpens 1
Sextans 4
Taurus 2
Triangulum 1
Ursa Major 46
Ursa Minor 1
Virgo 50
Vulpecula 6

Herschel 400 objects

Key

  Open cluster   Globular cluster   Diffuse nebula   Planetary nebula   Galaxy

1–100

Messier or
Caldwell ID 		NGC number Common name Image Object type Distance (kly) Constellation Apparent magnitude
C2 NGC 40 Bow-Tie Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 3.5 Cepheus 11
– NGC 129   65px Open Cluster 6.0 Cassiopeia 6.5
– NGC 136   65px Open Cluster 18.6 Cassiopeia 11
– NGC 157   65px Galaxy 75,000 Cetus 10.4
C18 NGC 185   65px Galaxy 2,300 Cassiopeia 9.2
M110 NGC 205   65px Galaxy 2,200 Andromeda 8
– NGC 225   65px Open Cluster 2.1 Cassiopeia 7
C56 NGC 246 Skull Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 1.6 Cetus 8
C62 NGC 247   65px Galaxy 6,800 Cetus 8.9
C65 NGC 253 Sculptor Galaxy
Silver Coin Galaxy 		65px Galaxy 9,800 Sculptor 7.1
– NGC 278   65px Galaxy 38,500 Cassiopeia 10.9
– NGC 288   65px Globular Cluster 28.7 Sculptor 8.1
– NGC 381   65px Open Cluster 3.8 Cassiopeia 9
– NGC 404   65px Galaxy 10,000 Andromeda 10.1
– NGC 436   65px Open Cluster 13.0 Cassiopeia 8.8
C13 NGC 457 ET Cluster
Owl Cluster 		65px Open Cluster 9 Cassiopeia 6.4
– NGC 488   65px Galaxy 90,000 Pisces 10.3
– NGC 524   65px Galaxy 90,000 Pisces 10.6
C8 NGC 559   65px Open Cluster 3.7 Cassiopeia 9.5
– NGC 584   65px Galaxy 60,000 Cetus 10.4
– NGC 596   65px Galaxy 65,000 Cetus 10.9
M33 NGC 598 Triangulum Galaxy 65px Galaxy 2,590 Triangulum 5.7
– NGC 613   65px Galaxy 67,000 Sculptor 10
– NGC 615   65px Galaxy 70,000 Cetus 11.5
– NGC 637   65px Open Cluster 7 Cassiopeia 8.2
M76 NGC 650/651 Little Dumbbell Nebula
Cork Nebula 		65px Planetary Nebula 3.4 Perseus 12
– NGC 654   65px Open Cluster 7.8 Cassiopeia 6.5
– NGC 659   65px Open Cluster 8.2 Cassiopeia 7.9
C10 NGC 663   65px Open Cluster 7.2 Cassiopeia 7.1
– NGC 720   65px Galaxy 80,000 Cetus 10.2
C28 NGC 752   65px Open Cluster 1 Andromeda 5.7
– NGC 772   65px Galaxy 130,000 Aries 10.3
– NGC 779   65px Galaxy 59,000 Cetus 11
C14 NGC 869 Η Persei of Double Cluster 65px Open Cluster 7.3 Perseus 4
C14 NGC 884 χ Persei of Double Cluster 65px Open Cluster 7.4 Perseus 4
C23 NGC 891   65px Galaxy 31,000 Andromeda 10
– NGC 908   65px Galaxy 56,000 Cetus 10.2
– NGC 936   65px Galaxy 60,000 Cetus 10.1
– NGC 1022   65px Galaxy 65,000 Cetus 11.4
– NGC 1023   65px Galaxy 30,000 Perseus 9.5
– NGC 1027   65px Open Cluster 3.1 Cassiopeia 6.7
– NGC 1052   65px Galaxy 63,000 Cetus 10.6
– NGC 1055   65px Galaxy 52,000 Cetus 10.6
– NGC 1084   65px Galaxy 65,000 Eridanus 10.6
– NGC 1245   65px Open Cluster 9.8 Perseus 8.4
– NGC 1342   65px Open Cluster 2.2 Perseus 6.7
– NGC 1407   65px Galaxy 75,000 Eridanus 9.8
– NGC 1444   65px Open Cluster 3.8 Perseus 6.6
– NGC 1501 Oyster Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 5.8 Camelopardalis 13
– NGC 1502   65px Open Cluster 2.7 Camelopardalis 5.7
– NGC 1513   65px Open Cluster 4.9 Perseus 8.4
– NGC 1528   65px Open Cluster 2.5 Perseus 6.4
– NGC 1535   65px Planetary Nebula 6.5 Eridanus 10
– NGC 1545   65px Open Cluster 2.3 Perseus 6.2
– NGC 1647   65px Open Cluster 1.8 Taurus 6.4
– NGC 1664   65px Open Cluster 3.9 Auriga 7.6
– NGC 1788   65px Nebula 1.3 Orion 9.0
– NGC 1817   65px Open Cluster 6.4 Taurus 7.7
– NGC 1857   65px Open Cluster 4.5 Auriga 7
– NGC 1907   65px Open Cluster 4.5 Auriga 8.2
– NGC 1931   65px Open Cluster and Nebula 7 Auriga 11.3
– NGC 1961   65px Galaxy 175,000 Camelopardalis 11.1
– NGC 1964   65px Galaxy 65,000 Lepus 10.8
– NGC 1980   65px Open Cluster 1.4 Orion 6
– NGC 1999   65px Nebula 1.5 Orion –
– NGC 2022   65px Planetary Nebula 6.1 Orion 12
– NGC 2024 Flame Nebula 65px Nebula 0.9 – 1.5 Orion 10
– NGC 2126   65px Open Cluster 4.4 Auriga 10
– NGC 2129   65px Open Cluster 7.2 Gemini 6.7
– NGC 2158   65px Open Cluster 11 Gemini 8.6
– NGC 2169 37 Cluster 65px Open Cluster 3.6 Orion 5.9
– NGC 2185   65px Nebula 2.9 Monoceros –
– NGC 2186   65px Open Cluster 7.3 Orion 8.7
– NGC 2194   65px Open Cluster 10 Orion 8.5
– NGC 2204   65px Open Cluster 8.6 Canis Major 8.6
– NGC 2215   65px Open Cluster 3.1 Monoceros 8.4
– NGC 2232   65px Open Cluster 1.3 Monoceros 3.9
C50 NGC 2244 Satellite Cluster 65px Open Cluster 4.9 Monoceros 4.8
– NGC 2251   65px Open Cluster 5.5 Monoceros 7.3
– NGC 2264 Christmas Tree Cluster
Cone Nebula 		65px Open Cluster and Nebula 2.6 Monoceros 3.9
– NGC 2266   65px Open Cluster 11 Gemini 10
– NGC 2281   65px Open Cluster 1.8 Auriga 5.4
– NGC 2286   65px Open Cluster 7.6 Monoceros 7.5
– NGC 2301   65px Open Cluster 2.8 Monoceros 6
– NGC 2304   65px Open Cluster 13.6 Gemini 10
– NGC 2311   65px Open Cluster 7.4 Monoceros 10
– NGC 2324   65px Open Cluster 17.2 Monoceros 8.4
– NGC 2335   65px Open Cluster 5.6 Monoceros 7.2
– NGC 2343   65px Open Cluster 3.7 Monoceros 6.7
– NGC 2353   65px Open Cluster 4.1 Monoceros 7.1
– NGC 2354   65px Open Cluster 4.3 Canis Major 6.5
– NGC 2355   65px Open Cluster 5.4 Gemini 10
C58 NGC 2360 Caroline's Cluster 65px Open Cluster 4 Canis Major 7.2
C64 NGC 2362 Tau Canis Majoris Cluster 65px Open Cluster and Nebula 5.1 Canis Major 4.1
– NGC 2371/2372   65px Planetary Nebula 4.4 Gemini 13
C39 NGC 2392 Eskimo Nebula
Clown Face Nebula 		65px Planetary Nebula 4 Gemini 10
– NGC 2395   65px Open cluster[4] 1.3 Gemini 8
C7 NGC 2403   65px Galaxy 14,000 Camelopardalis 8.4
C25 NGC 2419   65px Globular Cluster 275 Lynx 10.4

101–200

Messier or
Caldwell ID 		NGC number Common name Image Object type Distance (kly) Constellation Apparent magnitude
– NGC 2420   65px Open Cluster – Gemini 8.3
– NGC 2421   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 8.3
M47 NGC 2422   65px Open Cluster 1.6 Puppis 4.4
– NGC 2423   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 6.7
– NGC 2438   65px Planetary Nebula 2.9 Puppis 10
– NGC 2440   65px Planetary Nebula 4 Puppis 11
– NGC 2479   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 10
– NGC 2482   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 7.3
– NGC 2489   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 7.9
C54 NGC 2506   65px Open Cluster 10 Monoceros 7.6
– NGC 2509   65px Open Cluster 9.5 Puppis 9
– NGC 2527   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 6.5
– NGC 2539   65px Open Cluster 4.4 Puppis 6.5
M48 NGC 2548   65px Open Cluster 1.5 Hydra 5.8
– NGC 2567   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 7.4
– NGC 2571   65px Open Cluster – Puppis 7
– NGC 2613   65px Galaxy 50,000 Pyxis 10.4
– NGC 2627   65px Open Cluster 6.63 Pyxis 8
– NGC 2655   65px Galaxy 63,000 Camelopardalis 10.1
– NGC 2681   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 10.3
– NGC 2683   65px Galaxy 16,000 Lynx 9.7
– NGC 2742   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 11.7
– NGC 2768   65px Galaxy 65,000 Ursa Major 10
C48 NGC 2775   65px Galaxy 55,000 Cancer 10.3
– NGC 2782   65px Galaxy 70,000-110,000 Lynx 11.5
– NGC 2787   65px Galaxy 25,000 Ursa Major 10.8
– NGC 2811   65px Galaxy – Hydra 11.3
– NGC 2841   65px Galaxy 31,000 Ursa Major 9.3
– NGC 2859   65px Galaxy 23,000 Leo Minor 10.7
– NGC 2903   65px Galaxy 20,500 Leo 8.9
– NGC 2950   65px Galaxy 49,800 Ursa Major 11
– NGC 2964   65px Galaxy 60,800 Leo 11.3
– NGC 2974   65px Galaxy 89,000 Sextans 10.8
– NGC 2976   65px Galaxy 12,000 Ursa Major 10.2
– NGC 2985   65px Galaxy 70,100 Ursa Major 10.5
M82 NGC 3034 Cigar Galaxy 65px Galaxy 11,000 Ursa Major 8.4
– NGC 3077   65px Galaxy 12,000 Ursa Major 9.9
– NGC 3079   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 10.6
C53 NGC 3115 Spindle Galaxy 65px Galaxy 22,000 Sextans 9.2
– NGC 3147   65px Galaxy 130,000 Draco 10.7
– NGC 3166   65px Galaxy 57,000-75,000 Sextans 10.6
– NGC 3169   65px Galaxy 57,000-75,000 Sextans 10.5
– NGC 3184   65px Galaxy 25,000 Ursa Major 9.8
– NGC 3190   65px Galaxy 80,000 Leo 11
– NGC 3193   65px Galaxy 80,000 Leo 10.9
– NGC 3198   65px Galaxy 45,000 Ursa Major 10.4
– NGC 3226   65px Galaxy 58,700 Leo 11.4
– NGC 3227   65px Galaxy 58,700 Leo 10.8
C59 NGC 3242 Ghost of Jupiter 65px Planetary Nebula 1 Hydra 9
– NGC 3245   65px Galaxy – Leo Minor 10.8
– NGC 3277   65px Galaxy – Leo Minor 11.7
– NGC 3294   65px Galaxy – Leo Minor 11.7
– NGC 3310   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 10.9
– NGC 3344   65px Galaxy 22,500 Leo Minor 10
– NGC 3377   65px Galaxy 35,000 Leo 10.2
M105 NGC 3379   65px Galaxy 38,000 Leo 9.3
– NGC 3384   60x65px Galaxy 35,000 Leo 10
– NGC 3395   65px Galaxy – Leo Minor 12.1
– NGC 3412   65px Galaxy – Leo 10.6
– NGC 3414   65px Galaxy – Leo Minor 10.8
– NGC 3432   65px Galaxy – Leo Minor 11.3
– NGC 3486   65px Galaxy 27,000 Leo Minor 10.3
– NGC 3489   65px Galaxy 29,000 Leo 10.3
– NGC 3504   65px Galaxy – Leo Minor 11.1
– NGC 3521   65px Galaxy 30,000 Leo 8.9
M108 NGC 3556   65px Galaxy 45,000 Ursa Major 10.1
– NGC 3593   65px Galaxy 20,000 Leo 11
– NGC 3607   65px Galaxy – Leo 10
– NGC 3608   65px Galaxy – Leo 11
– NGC 3610   65px Galaxy 70,000 Ursa Major 10.8
– NGC 3613   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 12
– NGC 3619   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 13
– NGC 3621   65px Galaxy 22,000 Hydra 10
C40 NGC 3626   65px Galaxy 86,000 Leo 10.9
– NGC 3628   65px Galaxy 35,000 Leo 9.5
– NGC 3631   65px Galaxy 35,000 Ursa Major 10.4
– NGC 3640   65px Galaxy 75,400 Leo 10.3
– NGC 3655   65px Galaxy – Leo 11.6
– NGC 3665   65px Galaxy 85,600 Ursa Major 10.8
– NGC 3675   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 11
– NGC 3686   65px Galaxy 53,000 Leo 11.4
– NGC 3726   65px Galaxy 45,000 Ursa Major 10.4
– NGC 3729   65px Galaxy 65,700 Ursa Major 11.4
– NGC 3810   65px Galaxy 51,200 Leo 10.8
– NGC 3813   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 11.7
– NGC 3877   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 12
– NGC 3893   65px Galaxy 51,400 Ursa Major 11
– NGC 3898   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 10.8
– NGC 3900   65px Galaxy – Leo 11.4
– NGC 3912   65px Galaxy – Leo 13
– NGC 3938   65px Galaxy 43,000 Ursa Major 10.4
– NGC 3941   65px Galaxy 40,000 Ursa Major 11
– NGC 3945   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 10.6
– NGC 3949   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 11
– NGC 3953   65px Galaxy 56,000 Ursa Major 10.1
– NGC 3962   65px Galaxy – Crater 10.6
– NGC 3982   65px Galaxy 67,000 Ursa Major 12
M109 NGC 3992   65px Galaxy 55,000 Ursa Major 9.8
– NGC 3998   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 10.6
– NGC 4026   65px Galaxy 52,000 Ursa Major 12

201–300

Messier or
Caldwell ID 		NGC number Common name Image Object type Distance (kly) Constellation Apparent magnitude
– NGC 4027   65px Galaxy 68,000 Corvus 11.1
– NGC 4030   65px Galaxy 75,000 Virgo 12
– NGC 4036   65px Galaxy 62,000 Ursa Major 10.6
C60/C61 NGC 4038/4039 Antennae Galaxies 65px Galaxy 83,000 Corvus 10.7
– NGC 4041   65px Galaxy 70,000 Ursa Major 11.1
– NGC 4051   65px Galaxy 45,000 Ursa Major 10.3
– NGC 4085   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 12.3
– NGC 4088   65px Galaxy 50,000 Ursa Major 10.5
– NGC 4102   65px Galaxy 69,000 Ursa Major 12
– NGC 4111   65px Galaxy 45,000 Canes Venatici 10.8
– NGC 4143   65px Galaxy – Canes Venatici 12
– NGC 4147   65px Globular Cluster 60 Coma Berenices 10.3
– NGC 4150   65px Galaxy – Coma Berenices 11.7
– NGC 4151   65px Galaxy 62,000 Canes Venatici 10.4
– NGC 4179   65px Galaxy – Virgo 10.9
– NGC 4203   65px Galaxy 50,000 Coma Berenices 10.7
– NGC 4214   65px Galaxy 10,000 Canes Venatici 9.7
– NGC 4216   65px Galaxy 40,000 Virgo 10
– NGC 4245   65px Galaxy – Coma Berenices 11.4
– NGC 4251   65px Galaxy – Coma Berenices 12
M106 NGC 4258   65px Galaxy 25,000 Canes Venatici 8.3
– NGC 4261   65px Galaxy 95,000 Virgo 10.3
– NGC 4273   65px Galaxy – Virgo 11.9
– NGC 4274   65px Galaxy 45,000 Coma Berenices 10.4
– NGC 4278   65px Galaxy 55,100 Coma Berenices 10.2
– NGC 4281   65px Galaxy – Virgo 11.3
– NGC 4293   65px Galaxy 54,000 Coma Berenices 11
M61 NGC 4303   65px Galaxy 60,000 Virgo 9.7
– NGC 4314   65px Galaxy 40,000 Coma Berenices 10.5
– NGC 4346   65px Galaxy – Canes Venatici 12
– NGC 4350   65px Galaxy – Coma Berenices 11.1
– NGC 4361   65px Planetary Nebula – Corvus 10
– NGC 4365   65px Galaxy – Virgo 11
– NGC 4371   65px Galaxy – Virgo 10.8
– NGC 4394   65px Galaxy 40,000 Coma Berenices 10.9
– NGC 4414   65px Galaxy 62,000 Coma Berenices 10.3
– NGC 4419   65px Galaxy – Coma Berenices 11.1
– NGC 4429   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.2
– NGC 4435 The Eyes 65px Galaxy 52,000 Virgo 10.9
– NGC 4438 The Eyes 65px Galaxy 52,000 Virgo 10.1
– NGC 4442   65px Galaxy – Virgo 10.5
– NGC 4448   65px Galaxy 45,000 Coma Berenices 11.1
C21 NGC 4449   65px Galaxy 10,000 Canes Venatici 9.4
– NGC 4450   65px Galaxy 50,000 Coma Berenices 10.1
– NGC 4459   65px Galaxy 50,000 Coma Berenices 10.4
– NGC 4473   65px Galaxy 50,000 Coma Berenices 10.2
– NGC 4477   65px Galaxy 55,000 Coma Berenices 10.4
– NGC 4478   65px Galaxy 50,000 Virgo 11.2
– NGC 4485   65px Galaxy 25,000 Canes Venatici 12
– NGC 4490   65px Galaxy 25,000 Canes Venatici 9.8
– NGC 4494   65px Galaxy 45,000 Coma Berenices 9.9
– NGC 4526   65px Galaxy 108,000 Virgo 9.6
– NGC 4527   65px Galaxy 50,000 Virgo 10.4
– NGC 4535   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 9.8
– NGC 4536   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.4
– NGC 4546   65px Galaxy 45,600 Virgo 10.3
M91 NGC 4548   65px Galaxy 60,000 Coma Berenices 10.2
– NGC 4550   65px Galaxy 50,000 Virgo 11.6
C36 NGC 4559   65px Galaxy 32,000 Coma Berenices 9.9
C38 NGC 4565 Needle Galaxy 65px Galaxy 42,000 Coma Berenices 9.6
– NGC 4570   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.9
M104 NGC 4594 Sombrero Galaxy 65px Galaxy 50,000 Virgo 8.3
– NGC 4596   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.5
– NGC 4618   65px Galaxy 30,000 Canes Venatici 10.8
C32 NGC 4631 Whale Galaxy 65px Galaxy 22,000 Canes Venatici 9.3
– NGC 4636   65px Galaxy 53,000 Virgo 9.6
– NGC 4643   65px Galaxy – Virgo 10.6
– NGC 4654   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.5
– NGC 4656 Hockey Stick Galaxy 65px Galaxy 30,000 Canes Venatici 10.4
– NGC 4660   65px Galaxy 63,000 Virgo 11
– NGC 4665   65px Galaxy 58,000 Virgo 12
– NGC 4666   65px Galaxy 80,000 Virgo 10.8
– NGC 4689   65px Galaxy 55,000 Coma Berenices 10.9
C52 NGC 4697   65px Galaxy 76,000 Virgo 9.3
– NGC 4698   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.7
– NGC 4699   65px Galaxy 65,000 Virgo 9.6
– NGC 4725   65px Galaxy 41,000 Coma Berenices 9.2
– NGC 4753   65px Galaxy 60,000 Virgo 9.9
– NGC 4754   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.6
– NGC 4762   65px Galaxy 60,000 Virgo 10.2
– NGC 4781   65px Galaxy – Virgo 12
– NGC 4800   65px Galaxy 95,000 Canes Venatici 12
– NGC 4845   65px Galaxy 47,000 Virgo 12
– NGC 4856   65px Galaxy – Virgo 10.4
– NGC 4866   65px Galaxy 80,000 Virgo 11
– NGC 4900   65px Galaxy – Virgo 11.5
– NGC 4958   65px Galaxy – Virgo 10.5
– NGC 4995   65px Galaxy – Virgo 11
C29 NGC 5005   65px Galaxy 69,000 Canes Venatici 9.8
– NGC 5033   65px Galaxy 38,000-60,000 Canes Venatici 10.1
– NGC 5054   65px Galaxy – Virgo 11
– NGC 5195 Messier 51b 65px Galaxy 25,000 Canes Venatici 9.6
C45 NGC 5248   65px Galaxy 74,000 Boötes 10.2
– NGC 5273   65px Galaxy – Canes Venatici 11.6
– NGC 5322   65px Galaxy 80,000 Ursa Major 10
– NGC 5363   65px Galaxy 63,600 Virgo 10.2
– NGC 5364   65px Galaxy 55,000 Virgo 10.4
– NGC 5466   65px Globular Cluster 52 Boötes 9.1
– NGC 5473   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 11.4
– NGC 5474   65px Galaxy 21,000 Ursa Major 10.9

301–400

Messier or
Caldwell ID 		NGC number Common name Image Object type Distance (kly) Constellation Apparent magnitude
– NGC 5557   65px Galaxy – Boötes 11.1
– NGC 5566   65px Galaxy 65,000 Virgo 10.5
– NGC 5576   65px Galaxy – Virgo 10.9
– NGC 5631   65px Galaxy – Ursa Major 13
– NGC 5634   65px Globular Cluster 88 Virgo 9.6
– NGC 5676   65px Galaxy 100,000 Boötes 10.9
– NGC 5689   65px Galaxy – Boötes 11.9
C66 NGC 5694   65px Globular Cluster 113 Hydra 10.2
– NGC 5746   65px Galaxy 95,000 Virgo 10.6
– NGC 5846   65px Galaxy 93,000 Virgo 10.2
M102? NGC 5866 Spindle Galaxy 65px Galaxy 50,000 Draco 10
– NGC 5897   65px Globular Cluster 24 Libra 8.6
– NGC 5907   65px Galaxy 55,000 Draco 10.4
– NGC 5982   65px Galaxy 123,000 Draco 11.1
– NGC 6118   65px Galaxy 83,000 Serpens 12
– NGC 6144   65px Globular Cluster – Scorpius 9.1
M107 NGC 6171   65px Globular Cluster 20 Ophiuchus 8.1
– NGC 6207   65px Galaxy 30,000 Hercules 11.6
– NGC 6217   65px Galaxy 67,000 Ursa Minor 11.2
– NGC 6229   65px Globular Cluster 100 Hercules 9.4
– NGC 6235   65px Globular Cluster – Ophiuchus 10.2
– NGC 6284   65px Globular Cluster 50 Ophiuchus 9
– NGC 6287   65px Globular Cluster 30 Ophiuchus 9.2
– NGC 6293   65px Globular Cluster 31-52 Ophiuchus 8.2
– NGC 6304   65px Globular Cluster 19 Ophiuchus 8.4
– NGC 6316   65px Globular Cluster 35 Ophiuchus 9
– NGC 6342   65px Globular Cluster 28 Ophiuchus 9.9
– NGC 6355   65px Globular Cluster 31 Ophiuchus 9.6
– NGC 6356   65px Globular Cluster 50 Ophiuchus 8.4
– NGC 6369 Little Ghost Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 2 Ophiuchus 13
– NGC 6401   65px Globular Cluster 24 Ophiuchus 9.5
– NGC 6426   65px Globular Cluster 67 Ophiuchus 11.2
– NGC 6440   65px Globular Cluster 28 Sagittarius 9.7
– NGC 6445 Box Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula – Sagittarius 13
– NGC 6451   65px Open Cluster – Scorpius 8
M20 NGC 6514 Trifid Nebula 65px Open Cluster and Nebula 2 Sagittarius 6.3
– NGC 6517   65px Globular Cluster – Ophiuchus 10.3
– NGC 6520   65px Open Cluster – Sagittarius 8
– NGC 6522   65px Globular Cluster 25 Sagittarius 8.6
– NGC 6528   65px Globular Cluster 26 Sagittarius 9.5
– NGC 6540   65px Open Cluster 17 Sagittarius 9.3
C6 NGC 6543 Cat's Eye Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 3 Draco 9
– NGC 6544   65px Globular Cluster 10 Sagittarius 8.3
– NGC 6553   65px Globular Cluster 20 Sagittarius 8.3
– NGC 6568   65px Open Cluster – Sagittarius 9
– NGC 6569   65px Globular Cluster 35 Sagittarius 8.7
– NGC 6583   65px Open Cluster – Sagittarius 10
– NGC 6624   65px Globular Cluster 26 Sagittarius 8.3
– NGC 6629   65px Planetary Nebula – Sagittarius 12
– NGC 6633   65px Open Cluster 1 Ophiuchus 4.6
– NGC 6638   65px Globular Cluster – Sagittarius 9.2
– NGC 6642   65px Globular Cluster 26 Sagittarius 8.8
– NGC 6645   65px Open Cluster – Sagittarius 9
– NGC 6664   65px Open Cluster – Scutum 7.8
– NGC 6712   65px Globular Cluster 22.5 Scutum 8.2
– NGC 6755   65px Open Cluster 4.6 Aquila 7.5
– NGC 6756   65px Open Cluster 6.3 Aquila 11
– NGC 6781   65px Planetary Nebula – Aquila 12
– NGC 6802   65px Open Cluster – Vulpecula 8.8
– NGC 6818 Little Gem Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula – Sagittarius 10
– NGC 6823   65px Open Cluster 6 Vulpecula 7.1
C15 NGC 6826 Blinking Planetary 65px Planetary Nebula 2.2 Cygnus 10
– NGC 6830   65px Open Cluster – Vulpecula 7.9
– NGC 6834   65px Open Cluster 7 Cygnus 7.8
– NGC 6866   65px Open Cluster 3.9 Cygnus 7.6
– NGC 6882   65px Open Cluster – Vulpecula 8.1
C37 NGC 6885   65px Open Cluster 2 Vulpecula 6
– NGC 6905 Blue Flash Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 7.5 Delphinus 12
– NGC 6910   65px Open Cluster – Cygnus 7.4
C47 NGC 6934   65px Globular Cluster 57 Delphinus 8.9
– NGC 6939   65px Open Cluster 3.9 Cepheus 7.8
– NGC 6940   65px Open Cluster 2.5 Vulpecula 6.3
C12 NGC 6946 Fireworks Galaxy 65px Galaxy 18,000 Cepheus 8.9
C20 NGC 7000 North America Nebula 65px Nebula 2 Cygnus –
C42 NGC 7006   65px Globular Cluster 135 Delphinus 10.6
– NGC 7008 Fetus Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 3 Cygnus 13
C55 NGC 7009 Saturn Nebula 65px Planetary Nebula 1.4 Aquarius 8
– NGC 7044   65px Open Cluster – Cygnus 11
– NGC 7062   65px Open Cluster – Cygnus 8.3
– NGC 7086   65px Open Cluster – Cygnus 8.4
– NGC 7128   65px Open Cluster – Cygnus 9.7
– NGC 7142   65px Open Cluster 6.2 Cepheus 9.3
– NGC 7160   65px Open Cluster – Cepheus 6.1
– NGC 7209   65px Open Cluster 3.8 Lacerta 6.7
– NGC 7217   65px Galaxy 50,000 Pegasus 10.2
C16 NGC 7243   65px Open Cluster 3 Lacerta 6.4
– NGC 7296     Open Cluster – Lacerta 10
C30 NGC 7331   65px Galaxy 47,000 Pegasus 9.5
– NGC 7380 Wizard Nebula 65px Open Cluster and Nebula 7.2 Cepheus 7.2
– NGC 7448   65px Galaxy 79,500 Pegasus 11.7
C44 NGC 7479   65px Galaxy 106,000 Pegasus 11
– NGC 7510   65px Open Cluster 11 Cepheus 7.9
– NGC 7606   65px Galaxy 98,500 Aquarius 10.8
C22 NGC 7662 Blue Snowball 65px Planetary Nebula 3.2 Andromeda 9
– NGC 7686   65px Open Cluster – Andromeda 5.6
– NGC 7723   65px Galaxy 91,500 Aquarius 11.1
– NGC 7727   65px Galaxy 76,000 Aquarius 10.7
– NGC 7789 Caroline's Rose 65px Open Cluster 7.6 Cassiopeia 6.7
– NGC 7790   65px Open Cluster 11 Cassiopeia 8.5
C43 NGC 7814   65px Galaxy 49,000 Pegasus 10.5

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mullaney, James (April 1976) (subscription required). Letter to Sky & Telescope. Sky & Telescope. p. 235. https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/skyandtelescope/access/887262721.html?dids=887262721&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE&date=Apr+1976&author=James+Mullaney&desc=Letter. Retrieved 2006-08-24. 
  2. ↑ "Herschel 400 Club". https://www.astroleague.org/herschel-400-observing-program/. 
  3. ↑ O'Meara, Stephen James (2002). The Caldwell Objects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82796-5. 
  4. ↑ Zdanavičius, J.; Zdanavičius, K.; Straižys, V.; Kazlauskas, A.; Černis, K.; Chen, C. W.; Chen, W. P.; Boyle, R. P. et al. (2004-04-15). "Seven-Color Photometry of the Open Cluster NGC 2395 Area". https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004BaltA..13..555Z/abstract. 



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