Astronomy:Messier 88

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Messier 88
A large spiral galaxy. It is seen tilted at an angle, so that it is foreshortened and appears very wide. Its tightly-wound, blue spiral arms swirl out from its glowing centre, spreading apart at the tips. They are followed by strands and clumps of dark red dust, and spotted with pink dots where stars are forming in clouds of gas. The galaxy is surrounded by a slight glow and lies on a dark background.
Spiral galaxy Messier 88 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension 12h 31m 59.1691s[1]
Declination+14° 25′ 12.974″[1]
Redshift0.007619±0.00000500[1]
Helio radial velocity2,284±1 km/s[1]
Distance58.66 ± 2.25 Mly (17.984 ± 0.690 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterVirgo Cluster
Apparent magnitude (V)9.6[2]
Characteristics
TypeSA(rs)b, HII Sy2[1]
Number of stars400 billion
Size131,250 ly (40.26 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)6.9′ × 3.7′[1]
Other designations
VCC 1401, IRAS 12294+1441, NGC 4501, UGC 7675, MCG+03-32-059, PGC 41517[1]

Messier 88 (also known as M88 or NGC 4501) is a spiral galaxy about 50 to 60 million light-years away from Earth[3][4][5] in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1781.

Properties

Location of M88

M88 is one of the fifteen Messier objects that belong to the nearby Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It is galaxy number 1401 in the Virgo Cluster Catalogue (VCC) of 2096 galaxies that are candidate members of the cluster.[6] M88 appears to be on or ending a highly elliptical orbit, currently on an approximate or direct course toward the cluster center, which is occupied by the giant elliptical galaxy M87. It is currently 0.3 to 0.48 million parsecs from the center and will come closest to the core in about 200 to 300 million years. Its motion through the intergalactic medium of its cluster is creating, as expected, ram pressure that is stripping away the outer region of neutral hydrogen. To date, this has been detected along the western, leading edge of the galaxy.[7]

This galaxy is inclined to the line of sight by 64°.[8] It is classified as an Sbc spiral, a status between Sb (medium-wound) and Sc (loosely wound) spiral arms. The spiralling arms are very regular and can be followed down to the galactic core.[9] The maximum rotation velocity of the gas is 241.6 ± 4.5 km/s.[10]

M88 is classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy, which means it produces narrow spectral line emission from highly ionized gas in the nucleus.[11] In the core region there is a central condensation with a 230 parsec diameter, which has two concentration peaks. This condensation is being fed by inflow from the spiral arms.[12] The supermassive black hole at the core of this galaxy has 107.9 solar masses, or about 80 million solar masses (M☉).[13]

Supernova

One supernova has been observed in M88:

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Results for object MESSIER 088". NASA and Caltech. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=MESSIER+088. 
  2. ↑ "Messier 88". https://messier.seds.org/m/m088.html. 
  3. ↑ "Object Information". 20 September 2009. http://www.perezmedia.net/beltofvenus/archives/001348.html. 
  4. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (30 January 2010). "Messier 88". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100130.html. 
  5. ↑ "M88". 29 June 2011. http://astropixels.com/galaxies/M88-01.html. 
  6. ↑ Binggeli, B.; Sandage, A.; Tammann, G. A. (1985). "Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II – A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo Cluster area". Astronomical Journal 90: 1681–1759. doi:10.1086/113874. Bibcode: 1985AJ.....90.1681B. 
  7. ↑ Vollmer, B. et al. (2008). "Pre-peak ram pressure stripping in the Virgo cluster spiral galaxy NGC 4501". Astronomy & Astrophysics 483 (1): 89–106. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078139. Bibcode: 2008A&A...483...89V. 
  8. ↑ Tully, R. B.; Fisher, J. R. (1977). "A new method of determining distances to galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics 54 (3): 661–673. Bibcode: 1977A&A....54..661T. 
  9. ↑ Möllenhoff, C.; Heidt, J. (2001). "Surface photometry of spiral galaxies in NIR: Structural parameters of disks and bulges". Astronomy & Astrophysics 368 (1): 16–37. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000335. Bibcode: 2001A&A...368...16M. 
  10. ↑ "Database for physics of galaxies". HyperLeda. Université de Lyon. http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/. 
  11. ↑ Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-521-67186-6. 
  12. ↑ Onodera, S.; Sofue, Y.; Koda, J.; Nakanishi, H.; Kohno, K. (2002). "CO (J=1-0) Observations of the Non-Barred Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 4501". in Ikeuchi, S.. Proceedings of the IAU 8th Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting. pp. 199. Bibcode: 2002aprm.conf..199O. 
  13. ↑ "A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 345 (4): 1057–1076. 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x. Bibcode: 2003MNRAS.345.1057M. 
  14. ↑ Papenkova, M.; Filippenko, A. V.; Treffers, R. R. (1999). "Supernova 1999cl in NGC 4501". International Astronomical Union Circular (7185): 1. Bibcode: 1999IAUC.7185....1P. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07100/07185.html#Item1. 
  15. ↑ "SN 1999cl". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1999cl. 

Coordinates: Sky map 12h 31m 59.1691s, +14° 25′ 12.974″



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