Astronomy:List of ring galaxies

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This is a list of ring galaxies. A ring galaxy, as the name suggests, is a disc or spiral galaxy with its galactic disc structured or distorted into a ring or torus-like this appearance. Hoag's Object, discovered by Art Hoag in 1950, is the prototypical example of a ring galaxy.

Formation theories

Ring galaxies are theorized to be formed through multiple possible situations:

1. Bar instability – a phenomenon where the rotational velocity of the bar in a barred spiral galaxy increases to the point of spiral spin-out. Under typical conditions, gravitational density waves would favor the creation of spiral arms. When bar instability occurs, these density waves are instead migrated out into a ring-structure by the pressure, force, and gravitational influence of the byronic and dark matter furiously orbiting about the bar. This migration forces the stars, gas and dust found within the former arms into a torus-like region, forming a ring, and often igniting star formation.

2. Galactic collisions- another observed way that ring galaxies can form is through the process of two or more galaxies colliding. The Cartwheel Galaxy, galaxy pair AM 2026-424, and Arp 147 are all examples of ring galaxies believed to be formed from this process. In pass-through galactic collisions, an often-smaller galaxy will pass through the disc of an often-larger spiral, causing an outward push of the arms, as if dropping a rock into a pond of still water. In sideswipe and head-on collisions, the appearance of a perfect ring are less likely, with chaotic and warped appearances dominating.

3. Intergalactic medium accretion- this method has been inferred through the existence of Hoag's object, along with UV observations of several other large and ultra-large super spiral galaxies and current formation theories of spiral galaxies. UV-light observations show several cases of faint, ring-like and spiral structures of hot young stars that have formed along the network of cooled inflowing gas, extending far from the visible luminous galactic disc. If conditions are favorable, a ring can form in the place of a spiral structure. Since some spiral galaxies are theorized to have formed from massive clouds of intergalactic gas collapsing and then rotationally forming into a disc structure, one could assume that a ring disc could form in place of a spiral disc if, as mentioned before, conditions are favorable. This holds true for protogalaxies, or galaxies just throughout to be forming, and old galaxies that has migrated into a section of space with a higher gas content than its previous locations.

List

Name Image Catalogue number Distance Notes
Cartwheel Galaxy 60px ESO 350-40, PGC 2248 500 Mly lenticular galaxy
Hoag's Object 60px PGC 54559, PRC D-51 600 Mly
SDSS J151713.93+213516.8 60px This galaxy can be seen behind Hoag's Object
AM 0644-741 60px AM 0644-741 300 Mly
Kathryn's Wheel File:Kathryn's Wheel (Cerro-Tololo InterAmerican Observatory 4-m telescope).jpg ESO 179-13 30 Mly collisional ring galaxy, possibly the closest[1]
II Hz 4 60px 617.3 ± 43.2 Mly
NGC 660 60px 45 Mly polar ring galaxy
NGC 922 60x60px ESO 478-28, ISG 10 150 Mly collisional ring galaxy
NGC 985 60x60px VV 285, Mrk 1048, MCG -02-07-035, PGC 9817 567 Mly collisional ring galaxy
NGC 1015 118 Mly
NGC 1142 60x60px NGC 1144, UGC 2389, Arp 118, VV 331a, Mrk 1504, CGCG 389-046, MCG +00-08-048, PGC 11012 375 Mly Seyfert galaxy
NGC 1291 60x60px NGC 1291, NGC 1269,[2] PGC 012209 33 Mly
NGC 1350 60px PGC 013059 87.4 Mly spiral galaxy with ring structure
NGC 1386 60px PGC 13333 53 Mly spiral galaxy with ring structure
NGC 1387 60px PGC 13344 53 Mly lenticular galaxy with nuclear ring
NGC 1433 60px PGC 13586 49 Mly barred spiral galaxy with ring
NGC 1533 60px NGC 1533, PGC 14582[3] 62 ± 4 Mly [4] lenticular galaxy with ring structure
NGC 1512 67x67px PGC 14391 38 Mly Galaxy exhibits a double-ring structure
NGC 2859 60px UGC 5001, PGC 26649 82.8 Mly lenticular galaxy with ring structure[5]
NGC 3081 60px IC 2529, ESO 499-G31, AM 0957-223, MCG -04-24-012, PGC 28876 83 Mly barred lenticular galaxy
NGC 3821 61x61px CGCG 127-32, MCG 4-28-30, PGC 36314, UGC 6663 271 Mly low surface brightness galaxy
NGC 4138 LEDA 38643, UGC 7139 52 Mly
NGC 4245 UGC 7328, MCG +05-29-049, PGC 39437 37 Mly lenticular galaxy with ring structure
NGC 4262 50 Mly
NGC 4513 70x70px CGCG 315-42, MCG 11-15-59, PGC 41527, UGC 7683 110 Mly lenticular galaxy
NGC 4622 60px PGC 42701 200 Mly unbarred spiral galaxy with ring
NGC 4650A 60px PGC 42951 126 Mly polar ring galaxy
NGC 4774[6] File:NGC 4774 (Legacy Survey DR10).png I Zw 045 413 Mly collisional ring galaxy
NGC 4777 NGC 4777, PGC 43852 180 Mly
NGC 4909 File:NGC 4909 - Legacy Survey DR10.png PGC 44949, ESO 269-035, MCG -07-27-028 162 Mly
NGC 6028 60x60px NGC 6028, NGC 6046, PGC 56716 203 Mly barred lenticular galaxy
NGC 6861 124 Mly
NGC 7020 60x60px NGC 7021, ESO 107-13, PGC 66291 138 Mly barred lenticular galaxy
NGC 7098 60px ESO 48-5, IRAS 21393-7520, PGC 67266 95 Mly double barred spiral galaxy
NGC 7217 60px UGC 11914, PGC 68096 50 Mly unbarred spiral galaxy with ring
NGC 7552 60px IC 5294, ESO 291- G 012, VV 440, PGC 70884 56 Mly barred spiral galaxy
NGC 7742 60px UGC 12760,[2] MCG +02-60-010,[2] UZC J234415.8+104601,[2] 2MASX J23441571+1046015 72 Mly Unbarred spiral galaxy with ring, Seyfert galaxy
ESO 509-098 File:ESO 509-098 (Legacy Survey DR10).png PGC 48609 350 Mly
II Zw 28[7] 60px Zw II 28, 2MASX J05014205+0334278 390 Mly
Mayall's Object 60px Arp 148, VV 032, MCG+07-23-019, APG 148 450 Mly collisional ring galaxy
VII Zw 466[6] File:II Zw 466 (Legacy Survey DR10).png VII Zw 466, UGC 07683 637 Mly collisional ring galaxy
Arp-Madore 417-391[8]
File:AM 0417-391 Potw2247a.jpg
 PGC 14881 670 Mly collisional ring galaxy
LEDA 3094761 File:LEDA 3094761.jpg 938 Mly Emission-line galaxy
UGC 4599 91 Mly
UGC 6614
File:UGC 6614 - HST (Raw).tif
 PGC 36122 322 Mly giant low surface brightness galaxy
UGC 7069
PGC 38254, MCG +07-25-017 708 Mly Largest ring galaxy[9]
Arp 10[6] File:Arp 10 - Legacy Survey DR9.png Arp 10, UGC 01775, 2MASX J02182639+0539139[10] 400 Mly collisional ring galaxy
Arp 146 File:Arp 146 - Legacy Survey DR10.png PGC 509 1050 Mly interacting pair
Arp 147 60px IC 298 430 Mly interacting pair
ESO 198-13 File:ESO 198-13 (Legacy Survey DR9).png PGC 9463 237 Mly three ring structures
LEDA 1000714 60x60px PGC 1000714, 6dFGS gJ112316.4-084007, 2MASX J11231643-0840067 360 Mly two nearly round rings, but with different characteristics
IC 2628 File:IC 2628 (Legacy Survey DR10).png PGC 34038, CGCG 067-030 601 Mly
IC 5285
Error creating thumbnail:
PGC 70497, UGC 12365 286 Mly
LEDA 1405954[11] File:LEDA 1405954 - Legacy Survey DR10.png 2MASX J10064493+1213567 673 ± 47 Mly[12]
LEDA 133622 File:LEDA 133622 (Legacy Survey DR10).png 392 Mly Also a Seyfert 2 galaxy
UGC 3533 File:UGC 3533.png MCG +09-11-030, LEDA 19578, SWIFT J0645.9+5303 492 Mly Also a Seyfert 2 galaxy
2MASX J09015145+5212411 File:LEDA 2409366 and 2MASS J09015012+5212226 (Legacy Survey DR10).png LEDA 2409366 819 Mly lenticular galaxy with ring structure
2MASS J09015012+5212226 File:LEDA 2409366 and 2MASS J09015012+5212226 (Legacy Survey DR10).png 903 Mly Polar ring galaxy, in the lower right side of the image
MCG +07-07-072 File:Rings and things (potw2433a).jpg PGC 12535 320 Mly Barred spiral galaxy with a ring[13]
WISEA J033303.20-275041.5 1790 Mly Discovered in the Hubble Legacy Field
CN AC118 108 3757 Mly
LT 41 File:LT 41 - Legacy Survey DR10.png 2MASX J00075757-0433255 1004 Mly
CFRS 14.0685 WISEA J141757.82+523050.1 1153 Mly Discovered in Extended Groth Strip
CFRS 14.0117 EGSIRAC J141819.73+523424.4 2613 Mly Discovered in Extended Groth Strip
Z 229-15 File:Everything, in one place, all at once (potw2313a).tiff PGC 62756 390 Mly Also a quasar and a Seyfert galaxy.
LEDA 1313424 File:LEDA 1313424 (opo2506).jpg 567 Mly Collisional ring galaxy, nicknamed the Bullseye.[14]
[BZR2017] J051631.16-542938.9 File:(BZR2017) J051631.16-542938.9.png
CANDELS EGS F160W J141952.0+525115.2 9813 Mly Discovered in Extended Groth Strip, its distance calculated with redshift is around 9813 Mly, very faint, very distant
DES J024008.08-551047.5 File:DES J024008.08-551047.5 (Legacy Survey DR10).png DES J0240 1627 Mly Its rings have a distinct coloration then the main host galaxy[15]
2MASX J07273754-0254540 File:2MASX J07273754-0254540.jpg 2MASX J07273754-0254540, PSCz Q07251-0248, IRAS 07251-0248 1207 Mly interacting pair
2MASS J01074878+5406541
File:2MASS J01074878+5406541.png
 1446 Mly Spiral ring galaxy
WISEA J010752.28+540643.9
File:WISEA J010752.28+540643.9.png
 on the right side of the picture, possibly collisional ring galaxy
SDSS J091450.23+085326.2
File:(ZEH2003) RX J0914.8+0853 6.jpg
 1825 Mly
SSTSL2 J182843.93-670006.6 File:SSTSL2 J182843.93-670006.6.png Behind IC 4710

See also

References

  1. ↑ News Staff (2015-08-17). "Kathryn’s Wheel: Astronomers Discover Nearest Collisional Ring Galaxy | Astronomy | Sci-News.com" (in en-US). https://www.sci.news/astronomy/science-kathryns-wheel-ring-galaxy-03137.html. 
  2. ↑ "NGC 1291". Capella Observatory. 2005. http://www.capella-observatory.com/ImageHTMLs/Galaxies/NGC1291.htm. 
  3. ↑ "Results for NGC 1533". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/. 
  4. ↑ . 281. Dordrecht. April 2003. pp. 223–228. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0115-1_40. ISBN 1-4020-1289-6. Bibcode: 2003ASSL..281..223R. 
  5. ↑ "Lenticular Galaxy (NGC 2859)". Calvin College. http://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr110.Fall2007/Kuntz.html. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Appleton, P. N.; Struck-Marcell, Curtis (1996). "Collisional Ring Galaxies". Fundamentals of Cosmic Physics 16: 111–220. Bibcode: 1996FCPh...16..111A. http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept01/Appleton/Appleton3.html. Retrieved July 29, 2013. 
  7. ↑ "Hubble Gazes on One Ring to Rule Them All". NASA. March 15, 2013. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/zwii28.html. 
  8. ↑ information@eso.org. "Hubble Hunts an Unusual Galaxy" (in en). https://www.esahubble.org/images/potw2247a/. 
  9. ↑ Ghosh, Kajal K.; Mapelli, Michela (2008-05-01). "UGC 7069: the largest ring galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 386 (1): L38–L42. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00456.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.386L..38G. 
  10. ↑ "UGC 1775". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=UGC+1775. 
  11. ↑ "SIMBAD references". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2017MNRAS.471.4027B. 
  12. ↑ "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=2MASX+J10064493+1213567&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  13. ↑ information@eso.org. "Rings and things" (in en). https://www.esahubble.org/images/potw2433a/. 
  14. ↑ "Galaxy LEDA 1313424 (Advanced Camera for Surveys Image)" (in en). https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2025/006/01JJADPV8HK2BGG1T12HDSVKT5. 
  15. ↑ Nowakowski, Tomasz; Phys.org. "New ring galaxy discovered by Indian astronomers" (in en). https://phys.org/news/2023-09-galaxy-indian-astronomers.html. 



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