Astronomy:List of nearest galaxies

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This is a list of known galaxies within 3.8 megaparsecs (12.4 million light-years) of the Solar System, in ascending order of heliocentric distance, or the distance to the Sun. This encompasses about 50 major Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.

Diagram of the nearby local group of galaxies including the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds, Andromeda, dwarf galaxies, globular cluster and stellar streams.

The list aims to reflect current knowledge: not all galaxies within the 3.8 Mpc radius have been discovered. Nearby dwarf galaxies are still being discovered, and galaxies located behind the central plane of the Milky Way are extremely difficult to discern. It is possible for any galaxy to mask another located beyond it. Intergalactic distance measurements are subject to large uncertainties. Figures listed are composites of many measurements, some of which may have had their individual error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with each other.[1]

List

# Picture Galaxy Type Distance from Earth Magnitude Group
member­ship 		Notes Diameter (ly)
Millions of light-years Mpc M m
  - 60px Milky Way Barred spiral galaxy 0.0265
(to the galactic center)[2] 		0.008[2] −20.8[1] n/a Local Group Home galaxy of Earth. Barred spiral galaxy. 87,400 ly
  1
Ursa Major III Dwarf Galaxy
 Ursa Major III Dwarf spheroidal galaxy 0.033 +2.2[3] 18.87[3][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 120 ly[4]
  2 Draco II dSph 0.0701 −0.8[4] 15.87[4][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 120 ly[4]
  3 Tucana III dSph 0.0747 0.0229[5] −1.3[5] 15.5[5][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way that is being tidally disrupted[5] 220 ly
  4 Segue 1 dSph or Glob Clus 0.075 0.023[6] −3.0[6] 13.8[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  5 60px Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG dSph/E7 0.078 0.024[7] −12.67[7] 4.5[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way) 10,000 ly
  6 Hydrus I 0.09128 0.09 0.0276[9] −4.71[9] 12.49[9][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, possibly associated with the Magellanic Clouds[9] 348 ly[9]
  7 Carina III 0.0907 0.0278[10] −2.4[10] 14.82[10][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 200 ly[10]
  8 Ursa Major II Dwarf dSph 0.098 0.030 −4.2 14.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) ~1,800 ly
  8 Triangulum II 0.098 0.030[11] −1.8[11] 15.6[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
 10 Reticulum II 0.102 0.0314[5] −3.1[5] 14.4[5][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 378 ly
 11 Segue 2 dSph 0.114 0.035[12] −2.5[12] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, one of the smallest known galaxies 220 ly
 12 Carina II 0.122 0.0374[10] −4.5[10] 13.36[10][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 590 ly[10]
 13 Willman 1 dSph or Star Clus 0.124 0.038[13] −2.7[13] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 14 Boötes II dSph 0.137 0.042[13] −2.7[13] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 14 Coma Berenices Dwarf dSph 0.137 0.042[14] −3.6[14] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 16 150px Pictor II 0.147 0.045[15] −3.2[15] 15.1[15][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way possibly associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud[15] 300 ly[15]
 17 Boötes III dSph 0.150 0.046[16] −5.8[17] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 18 Tucana IV 0.157 0.048[11] −3.5[11] 14.9[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 19 60px Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) SB(s)m 0.163 0.050[7] −17.93[7] 0.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 32,200 ly
 20 Grus II 0.179 0.055[18] −3.9[18] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 607 ly[18]
 21 Tucana II 0.186 0.057[19] −3.8[19] 15.0[19][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1080 ly[19]
 22 60px Boötes I dSph 0.197[8] 0.060 −5.8[20] 13.1 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 23 60px Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) SB(s)m pec 0.205 0.063[7] −16.35[7] 2.7[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 18,900 ly
 23 60px Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 0.205 0.063[7] −7.13[7] 11.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 24 Virgo II 0.235 0.072[21] −1.6[21] 17.7[21][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 25 Eridanus IV 0.250 0.0767[22] −4.7[22] 14.72[22][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way[22] 489 ly[22]
 26 Horologium II 0.254 −2.6[11] 16.9[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 27 60px Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) dE0 pec 0.258 0.079[7] −8.74[7] 10.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter ~2,700 × 1,900 ly
 27 Horologium I 0.258 0.079[23] -3.4[23] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 196 ly
 29 Pisces Overdensity dIrr/dSph[24] 0.26 0.08[25] −10.35[24] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 29 Leo Minor I 0.267 0.082[21] −2.4[21] 17.16[21][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 29 Aquarius III 0.277 0.085[26] −2.5[26] Local Group Satellite of the Milky Way 330 ly[26]
 30 Sextans Dwarf Sph dSph 0.280 0.086[7] −7.98[7] 12[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 8,400 ly
 31 60px Sculptor Dwarf (ESO 351-G30) dE3 0.287 0.088[7] −9.77[7] 10.1[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 32 Pegasus IV 0.294 0.090[27] −4.25[27] 15.52[27][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 32 Virgo I 0.297 0.091[11] −0.3[11] 19.5[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 33 Reticulum III 0.300 −3.3[28] 16.51[28][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 420 ly[28]
 34 Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) dSph 0.3157 0.0968[13] −6.75[29] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way ~2,000 ly
 35 Phoenix II 0.326 0.100[18] −2.7[18] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 290 ly[18]
 36 60px Carina Dwarf (ESO 206-G220) dE3 0.33 0.10[7] −8.97[29] 11.3[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,600 ly
 36 Boötes V 0.333 0.102[21] −3.2[21] 16.84[21][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 37 Aquarius II 0.3519 0.1079[30] −4.36[30] 15.8[30][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,040 ly[30]
 38 Leo VI 0.362 0.111[31] −3.56[31] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 910 ly[31]
 38 Pictor I 0.372 0.114[32] −3.1[32] 20.3[32][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 190 ly[32]
 39 Crater II 0.383 0.1175[11] −8.2[11] 12.2[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 40 Grus I 0.391[19] 0.120[19] −3.4[19] 17.0[19][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 404 ly
 41 Sextans II 0.411 0.126[33] −3.9[33] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 41 Antlia 2 0.430 0.1318[34] −9.86[34] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, most diffuse galaxy ever found
 42 60px Hercules Dwarf dSph 0.434 0.133[35] −5.3[35] 14.7[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 43 60px Fornax Dwarf (ESO 356-G04) dSph/E2 0.466 0.143[36] −11.5[7] 9.28[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 44 Canes Venatici II Dwarf dSph 0.49 0.15[6] −4.8[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 45 Hydra II dSph 0.492 0.151[37] −5.1[37] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 500 ly[37]
 45 Virgo III 0.492 0.151[33] −2.7[33] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 46 60px Leo IV Dwarf dSph 0.502 0.154[38] −5.5[38] 15.9[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 47 Leo V Dwarf dSph 0.571 0.175[39] −5.2[39] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 48 Pisces II dG[40] 0.597 0.183[40] −4.28[41] 17.03[41] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 48 Columba I 0.597 0.183[42] −4.2[42] 17.11[42][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 760 ly[42]
 50 Boötes IV 0.682 0.209[43] −4.53[43] 17.07[43][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way[43] 3,000 ly[43]
51 60px Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93) dE0 pec 0.701[44] 0.215 −9.23[7] 12.45[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 4,100 ly (tidal)
51 Pegasus III 0.701 −4.17[45] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 350 ly[45]
53 Canes Venatici I Dwarf dSph 0.711 0.218[46] −7.9[47] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
54 Cetus III 0.819 0.251[48] −2.45[48] 19.55[48][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 580 ly[48]
55 60px Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74, UGC 5470) dE3 0.820[44] 0.251 −10.97[7] 11.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
56 Eridanus II 1.19[49] 0.366[49] −7.1[49] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,810 ly[49]
57 Leo T Dwarf dIrr/dSph 1.35 0.413[50] 16[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way? 2,300 ly
58 Leo K 1.42 0.434[51] −4.86[51] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
58 60px Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830) IAm 1.44 0.44 −10.22[7] 13.07[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
58 Leo M 1.50 0.459[51] −5.77[51] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
59 Pisces V (Andromeda XVI) dSph[52] 1.79 0.55[52][NB 2] −7.6[52] 16.1[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 985 ly[52]
60 60px Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822) IB(s)m IV-V 1.859 0.570[50] −15.22[7] 9.32[1] Local Group It contains several large H II regions 7,000 ly
61 60px NGC 185 dE3 pec 2.05[53] 0.63 −14.76[7] 9.99[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda; possibly closest Seyfert galaxy to Earth
62 60px Andromeda II dE0 2.22 0.68[52][NB 2] −12.6[52] 11.7[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 6,820 ly[52]
63 Cassiopeia II (Andromeda XXX) dSph[54] 2.221 0.681[55] −8.0[56] 16.0[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,800 ly
64 60px IC 1613 (UGC 668) IAB(s)m V 2.24 0.686[50] −14.51[7] 9.92[1] Local Group
65 Pegasus V (Andromeda XXXIV) 2.26 0.692[57] −6.3[57] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[57]
66 60px Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) IBm V 2.34[50] 0.717[50] −11.68[58] 12.92 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
67 Andromeda XVII dSph[54] 2.371 0.727[55] −7.8[56] 16.6[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,900 ly
68 Andromeda XXV dSph[54] 2.401 0.736[55] −9.0[56] 15.3[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 3,560 ly
69 Andromeda XI dSph[54] 2.41 0.74[59] −7.3[60] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
70 Andromeda XX 2.417 0.741[54] −6.4[56] 18.0[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 590 ly[56]
71 Andromeda XXIII dSph[54] 2.440 0.748[54] −9.8[56] 14.6[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 7,770 ly[56]
72 IC 10 (UGC 192) dIrr IV/BCD[8] 2.446 0.750 −15.57[7] 12.2[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
73 60px Andromeda III dE2 2.45 0.75[52][NB 2] −10.1[52] 14.4[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2750 ly[52]
73 Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) dSph 2.45 0.75[61][NB 2] −11.67[7] 13.65[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
75 Andromeda XXVI dSph[54] 2.459 0.754[55] −5.8[56] 18.5[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 980 ly
76 60px Cetus Dwarf dSph/E4 2.460[53] 0.754 −10.18[7] 14.4[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 77 Pisces III (Andromeda XIII) dSph[54] 2.479 0.760[55] −6.5[56] 17.8[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 850 ly
 78 Andromeda XV dSph[52] 2.48 0.76[52][NB 2] −8.4[52] 16.0[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7] 1840 ly[52]
 79 60px M32 (NGC 221) E2 2.489[44] 0.763 −15.96[7] 8.73[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda 6,500 ly
 80 Andromeda IX dE 2.500[53] 0.767 −7.5[7] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 81 60px Pisces Dwarf (LGS 3) dIrr/dSph 2.510[53] 0.770 −7.96[7] 16.18[1] Local Group
 82 Cassiopeia III (Andromeda XXXII) 2.518 0.772[62] −12.3[62] 12.15[62][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 9,500 ly[62]
 83 Andromeda V dSph[54] 2.52[53] 0.773 −8.41[7] 16.67[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 84 Lacerta I (Andromeda XXXI) dSph 2.521 0.773[63] −11.4[63] 13.04[63][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[63] 4,750 ly[63]
 85 60px NGC 147 (DDO 3) dE5 pec 2.53[53] 0.776 −14.9[7] 10.36[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 86 60px Andromeda Galaxy (M31) SA(s)b 2.538[53] 0.778 −21.58[7] 4.17[1] Local Group Largest Galaxy in the Local Group (The Milky Way is the second largest), with at least 19 satellite galaxies. Barred spiral galaxy. 152,000 ly
 87 60px Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal (Andromeda VI) dSph[54] 2.55[53] 0.78 −10.80[7] 14.05[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 88 Perseus I (Andromeda XXXIII) 2.560 0.785[64] −10.3[64] 14.19[64][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,600 ly[64]
 89 Andromeda XIV (Pisces IV) 2.586 0.793[55] −8.5[56] 15.8[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda ~1,700 ly
 90 60px Andromeda I dE3 pec 2.61 0.80[52][NB 2] −12.0[52] 12.7[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 5,840 ly[52]
 91 Andromeda XXVIII dSph[54] 2.645 0.811[65] −8.7[65] 15.85[65][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,800 ly[65]
 92 60px M110 (NGC 205) E6p 2.67[53] 0.82 −16.15[7] 8.72[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 93 Andromeda VIII dSph[66] 2.700 0.828 −15.6 9.1 Local Group Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[66]
 94 Andromeda XXIX 2.704 0.829[65] −8.5[65] 16.09[65][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,050 ly[65]
 95 60px Triangulum Galaxy (M33) SA(s)cd 2.73[53] 0.84 −18.87[7] 6.19[1] Local Group Most distant (difficult) naked eye object. Closest unbarred spiral galaxy to us and third largest galaxy in the Local Group. 61,100 ly
 96 Andromeda XXI[67] dSph[54] 2.802 0.859 −9.9 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 97 60px Tucana Dwarf dE5 2.87 0.88[7] −9.16 15.7[1] Local Group[7] Isolated group member — a 'primordial' galaxy[68]
 98 60px Andromeda X dSph[8] 2.90 0.889 −8.1[69] 16.1[8] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006
99 Andromeda XXIV dSph[54] 2.929 0.898[54] −8.4[56] 16.3[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 4,440 ly[56]
99 60px Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216) dIrr/dSph[8] 2.929[50] 0.898[50] −11.47[7] 13.21[8] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
101 Pisces VII (Triangulum III) 2.99 0.916[70] −6.0[70] Local Group Likely satellite of Triangulum[70]
102
False-color image of Andromeda XXXV.
 Andromeda XXXV 3.023 0.927[71] −5.2[71] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 350 ly[71]
102 Andromeda XII dSph[54] 3.027 0.928[55] −7.0[56] 17.7[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,740 ly
103 60px Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) IB(s)m[8] 3.043 0.933[58] −14.06[58] 11.03[8] Local Group Isolated member at the edge of the local group 11,500 ly
103 Andromeda XIX[72] dSph[54] 3.043 0.933 −9.3 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc 2,200 ly
105 Andromeda XXII[67] dSph[54] 3.219 0.987 18.0 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
106 60px Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210) Im V 3.22[50] 0.988[50] −11.09[58] 14.0[8] Local Group Isolated group member
107 60px Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) IB(s)m V[8] 3.907 1.198[50] −11.49 15.5 Local Group[1] Isolated, star forming group member 3,000 ly
108 60px UGC 4879 (VV124)[73] IAm 3.956 1.213[50] −11.5[58] 13.2 Local Group Isolated, star forming group member 3,000 ly
109 60px Andromeda XVIII[72] dSph[54] 3.960 1.214[54] −9.2[56] 16.2[56] Local Group 1,700[56] ≈ 1,200 ly
110 60px Antlia Dwarf dE3.5[8] 4.28 1.31[58] −9.63[58] 16.19[1] Local Group[NB 3] May have interacted with NGC 3109[74] 3,000 ly
111 60px Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) IBm[8] 4.31[75] 1.32 −13.95[7] 11.86[8] Local Group[NB 3] Contains cluster of young hot blue stars 5,000 ly
112 60px NGC 3109 SB(s)m 4.338 1.35[74] −15.68[1] 10.39[1] Local Group[NB 3] Possibly spiral galaxy 25,000 ly
113 Antlia B dSph/Irr 4.40 1.35[76] −9.7[76] 15.95[76][NB 1] Local Group[NB 3] Satellite of NGC 3109[76] 1,780 ly[76]
114 Sculptor A 4.40 1.35[77] −6.9[77] Local Group[77]
114 60px Sextans B (UGC 5373) IM IV-V[8] 4.47 1.37[58] −14.08[58] 11.85[8] Local Group[NB 3] One of the smallest galaxies with planetary nebulae 6,000 ly
114 Tucana B dSph 4.56 1.4[78] −6.9[78] 18.85[78][NB 1] Local Group Isolated group member 522 ly
115 Cassiopeia 1 Irr 5.19 1.59[79] -14.2 14.62 Isolated Isolated galaxy
116 60px Leo P Irr 5.28 1.62[1] -9.27 16.89 Local Group[NB 3] Extremely low metallicity 3,690 ly
117 60px IC 5152 IA(s)m[8] 5.68 1.74[58] −15.56[58] 11.06[8] Local Group ? Possible outlying member of Local Group 4,000 ly
118 60px NGC 300 SA(s)d[8] 6.07 1.86[80] −17.92[1] 8.95[8] between LG and Sculptor Group Closest spiral galaxy to Local Group
forms pair with NGC 55 		94,000 ly
119 60px KKR 25 Irr 6.20 1.90[1] −9.94[58] 17.0[8] between LG and M81
120 60px ESO 410-G005 E3[8] 6.213 1.905[58] −11.60[58] 14.85[8] NGC 55 & 300 ≈ 2,500 ly
121 60px ESO 294-010 dS0/Im[8] 6.36[80] 1.96[58] −10.95[58] 15.6[8] NGC 55 & 300
122 Pavo 6.49 1.99[81] −10.0[81]
122 KK 153 6.5 2.0[82] Local Group ? Possible outlying member of Local Group[82] 419 ly[82]
122 60px NGC 55 SB(s)m[8] 6.52 2.00[58] −18.47[58] 8.84[1] between LG and Sculptor Group Forms pair with NGC 300 70,000 ly
123 Sculptor C 6.65 2.04[77] −9.1[77] Satellite of NGC 300
123 KKs 3 dSph[83] 6.91 2.12[83] −12.3[83] 14.47[83] 4,900 ly[83]
124 60px KKR 3 (KK 230) dIrr 6.98 2.14[58] −9.8 17.90[8] Inner edge of M94 Group 980 ly
125 UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) IB(s)m pec:[8] 7.24 2.22[58] −12.92[58] 13.86[1] NGC 55 & 300
126 KK 258 (ESO 468–20) dTr[84] 7.27 2.23[84] −10.3[84] NGC 55 & 300
127 60px UGC 9128 (DDO 187) ImIV-V 7.31 2.24[58] −12.47[58] 14.38[8] Inner edge of M94 Group
128 60px IC 3104 IB(s)m 7.40 2.27[1] −14.85[58] 13.63[8] On the way to Circinus galaxy
129 Dw1907+63 7.8 2.4[85] 17.0
129 60px GR 8 (DDO 155, UGC 8091) ImV[8] 7.8 2.4[58] −12.14[58] 14.65[8] Inner edge of M94 Group "footprint galaxy"
129
The Hedgehog Galaxy (under different wavelengths)
 Hedgehog Galaxy 7.86 2.41[86] −9.84[86]
Mg (mag) −9.56 ± 0.14
MV (mag) −9.84 ± 0.16
17.5[86]
mNUV (mag) >17.5
mFUV (mag) >19.00
Isolated dwarf
130 60px IC 4662 (ESO 102-14) IBm 7.96 2.44[58] −15.56[58] 11.74[8] On the way to Circinus galaxy 7,000 ly
131 60px KKH 98 Irr 7.99 2.45[1] −10.78[1] 16.7[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
131 Sculptor B 8.09 2.48[77] −8.1[77]
131 SMDG 0956+82 8.48 2.6[85] 18.1
132 60px UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) IAm 8.35[87] 2.69[58] −13.09[58] 14.40[8] M94 Group
133 60px KKH 86 Irr 8.48 2.60[58] −10.30[58] 16.8[8] Isolated (M94/Cent A)
134 60px DDO 99 (UGC 6817) Im 8.61 2.64[1]–3.9[8] −13.52[58] 13.4[8] M94 Group
135 Dw1245+61 8.81 2.7[85] 18.4
135 ESO 6-1 Ir 8.81 2.70[88] −12.41[88] 14.75[88] Blue compact dwarf galaxy[89]
136 60px UGC 7577 (DDO 125) Im 8.94 2.74[58] −14.32[58] 12.84[8] M94 Group
137 KDG 162 9.13 2.8[85] 17.3
137 60px Dwingeloo 1 SB(s)cd 9.13 2.8[1] −18.78 19.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 35,000 ly
138 60px UGC 9240 (DDO 190) IAm 9.13 2.80[58] −14.19[58] 13.25[8] M94 Group 15,000 ly
139 60px NGC 4190 Irr (BCD) 9.19[89] 2.82[89][NB 2] 13.50[89] Satellite of NGC 4214[89]
140 Dw1645+46 11.09 2.9[85] 17.6
140 KKs 53 (Cen 7) dSph[90] 9.56 2.93[91] −10.86 17.30[1] Centaurus A/M83 Group
141 60px NGC 4214 (UGC 7278) IAB(s)m 9.59 2.94[1] 10.24[8] M94 Group Starburst galaxy
142 60px UGCA 276 (DDO 113) Im 9.62 2.95[92] 15.40[8] M94 Group
143 60px UGCA 133 (DDO 44) Im 9.65 2.96[93] −12.9[93] 15.54[8] M81 Group Likely satellite of NGC 2403
143 60px NGC 4163 (NGC 4167) dIrr 9.65 2.96[94] 14.5[8] M94 Group 4,000 ly
144 60px UGCA 86 SAB(s)m[95] 9.72 2.98[96] 13.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[95] Satellite of IC 342[96] 20,000 ly
145 60px NGC 1560 SA(s)d HII 9.75 2.99[1] −16.87[7] 12.16[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[96]
146 MADCASH-2 (MADCASH J121007+352635-dw) dSph 9.78 3.00[97] −9.15[97] 18.24[NB 1] M94 Group Likely satellite of NGC 4214
147 Dwingeloo 2 Im? 9.8 3.0[1] −14.55[1] 20.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 20,000 ly
147 KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) dE/N 9.8 3.0[1] −13.35[7] 16.2[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
147 KKH 12 Irr 9.8 3.0[1] −13.03 17.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
147 MB 3 dSph 9.8 3.0[1] −13.65[7] 19.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 10,000 ly
147 MB 1 (KK 21) SAB(s)d? 9.8 3.0[1] −14.81[7] 20.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 5,000 ly
147 60px Maffei 1 S0- pec 9.8 3.0[1] −18.97[7] 11.4[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 55,000 ly
153 60px Maffei 2 SAB(rs)bc 9.801 3.005[1] −20.15[7] 14.77[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 60,000 ly
154 60px UGC 8651 (DDO 181) Im 9.82 3.01[1] 14.7[8] M94 Group
155 60px Donatiello I dSph 9.88 3.04[94] [8] Possible satellite of NGC 404
156 60px NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd HII 9.92 3.04[97] −19.29 8.93[8] Inner edge of M81 Group 50,000 ly
157 60px NGC 404 SA(s)0-:[8] 10.05 3.08[58] −16.61[58] 11.21[8] 'Mirach's Ghost'
158 60x60px ESO 274-01[98] SAd: 10.1 3.09 11.7 Centaurus A/M83 Group
159 Dw1558+67 10.1 3.1[85] 16.8
159 GALFA-Dw4[99] dIrr 10.1 3.10 −11.8 15.7 Isolated
160 KKH 22 dSph 10.17 3.12[96] –12.19[96] 15.28[96] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[96]
161 60px NGC 3741 ImIII/BCD 10.21[87] 3.13 14.3[8] M94 Group
162 KK 35 Irr 10.31 3.16[1] −14.30 17.2[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[96]
162 HIPASS J1247-77 Im 10.31 3.16[100] 17.B[8] Aligned with IC 3104
164 60px NGC 2366 IB(s)m 10.40[87] 3.19 11.43[8] M81 Group
164 60px NGC 1569 (UGC 3056) IBm;Sbrst[8] 10.40 3.19[96] −18.17[1] 11.86[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[95] Satellite of IC 342[96] 6,000 ly
164 60px ESO 321-014[98] IBm[8] 10.40[98] 3.19 15.16[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
167 60px UGC 8833 Im 10.41 3.19[1] 16.5[8] M94 Group
168 60px Sculptor dIG (ESO 349–31) dIrr 10.44 3.2[101] −11.87 15.5[8] Sculptor Group Satellite of NGC 7793
169 60px UGC 4483 dIrr 10.47[87] 3.21 15.2[8] M81 Group
169 dw0910p7326 ("Blobby") dSph 10.47 3.21[102] 11.57[102] 15.96[102] M81 Group
170 UGC 8760 (DDO 183) I[103] 10.50 3.22[104] −13.08[104] 14.78[103]
170 60px UGCA 92 Im?[8] 10.50 3.22[96] 13[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[95] Satellite of IC 342[96]
171 60px IC 342 SAB(rs)cd[8] 10.70 3.28[1] −20.69[1] 9.37[1] IC 342/Maffei Group "the hidden galaxy" 75,000 ly
173 60px UGCA 15 (DDO 6) IB(s)m 10.90 3.34[7] −12.50[7] 15.19[8] Sculptor Group
174 KKs 58 dSph[105] 10.96 3.36[106] −11.93[106] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 60px KKH 37 (Mai 16) S/Irr 11.06 3.39[100] 16.4[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
175 60px UGCA 105 Im? 11.06 3.39[96] −16.81 13.9[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[96]
175 60px Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) Im 11.06[87] 3.39 11.1[8] M81 Group
175 Dw1559+46 11.09 3.4[85] 17.1
175 60px NGC 5102 SA0- HII 11.09 3.40[1] −18.0856 10.35[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 60px NGC 5237 I0?[8] 11.09 3.40[98] 13.23[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 60px ESO 325-11 11.09 3.40[98] 13.99[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 60px ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) IABm 11.09 3.40[7] −11.39 16.45[8] Sculptor Group
182 60px NGC 247 SAB(s)d 11.1 3.4[7] −20.00 9.9[8] Sculptor Group
183 MADCASH-1 (MADCASH J074238+652501-dw) dSph 11.12 3.41[97] −7.81[97] 19.85[NB 1] M81 Group Likely satellite of NGC 2403
184 F6D1 (FM 1, PGC 3097828) dSph[107] 11.15[87] 3.42 17.5[8] M81 Group
184 60px ESO 540-032 IAB(s)m pec: 11.15 3.42[7] −11.32[7] 16.55[8] Sculptor Group
186 60px ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) SB(s)dm 11.25 3.45[98] −15.16[1] 11.03[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
187 60px NGC 5206 SB0 11.32 3.47[98] Centaurus A/M83 Group
188 60px KK 179 (ESO 269-37) IABm: 11.4 3.48[98] Centaurus A/M83 Group
188 Corvus A 11.4 3.48[108] −11.2
193 Scl-MM-dw3 11.35 3.48[109] −7.24[109] Sculptor Group
189 60px Sculptor Galaxy
(NGC 253) 		SAB(s)c 11.40[87] 3.49 8.0[8] Sculptor Group 90,000 ly
190 60px DDO 71 (UGC 5428) Im 11.42[87] 3.50 18[8] M81 Group
191 Camelopardalis B Irr 11.46 3.50[96] −11.85 16.1[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[96]
192 60px Messier 82 I0;Sbrst HII 11.42 3.53[7] −19.63[7] 9.30 [8] M81 Group 37,000 ly, possibly up to 100,000 ly
193 60px NGC 5253 Im pec 11.51 3.53[7] 10.9 [8] Centaurus A/M83 Group Nearest Wolf-Rayet galaxy to us.
193 Scl-MM-dw1 11.51 3.53[109] −8.75[109] Sculptor Group
193 Scl-MM-dw2 11.51 3.53[109] −12.10[109] Sculptor Group
194 M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) I? 11.58[87] 3.55 −11.49[7] 16.5[8] M81 Group
194 60px KK 77 (F12D1) dSph 11.58 3.55[104] 16.2[8] M81 Group
196 60px NGC 2976 SAc pec HII 11.61[87] 3.56 −17.1[7] 10.82[8] M81 Group
196 Camelopardalis A 11.61 3.56[96] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[96]
198 KK 211 (AM 1339–445) dSph[110] 11.68 3.58[96] −11.93[96] 16.32[96] Centaurus A/M83 Group Satellite of NGC 5128[110]
198 PGC 51659 (UKS 1424–460) IBm[111] 11.68 3.58[96] −11.83[96] 16.50[96] Centaurus A/M83 Group
198 KDG 61 dE/dSph[112] 11.68 3.58[112] −12.84[112] 14.93[112] M81 Group
201 60px NGC 4945 SB(s)cd:sp[8] 11.70[113] 3.59 −20.51[1] 9.3[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
202 60px NGC 6789 Im[8] 11.74 3.6[1] −14.32[1] 13.76[1] In the Local Void[114]
202 60px Messier 81 SA(s)ab, LINER 11.74[87] 3.6 6.94[8] M81 Group Brightest galaxy in M81 Group 90,000 ly
202 UGC 6451 11.74 3.6[85] 15.4
204 60px Holmberg IX (UGC 5336, DDO 66) Irr[89] 11.77 3.61[89] 14.53[89] M81 Group Contains ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) Holmberg IX X-1
204 60px UGCA 292 (CVn I dwA) ImIV-V 11.77 3.61[104] 16.0[8] M94 Group
206 BK 5N dSph[89] 11.84 3.63[59] 17.49[59] M81 Group
207 DDO 78 (KK 89) dSph[89] 11.94 3.66[104] 16.50[89] M81 Group
207 F8D1 dSph[89] 11.94 3.66[104] −12.20[115] 15.70[89] M81 Group
209 60px UGC 4459 (DDO 53) Im 12.00 3.68[116] −13.37[7] 14.48 [8] M81 Group
210 60px Centaurus A (NGC 5128) S0 pec 12.01[87] 3.68 6.84[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group Brightest galaxy in Centaurus A Group and brightest and nearest radio galaxy 60,000 ly
211 KDG 64 (UGC 5442) dE/dSph 12.07 3.70[112] −12.55[112] 15.29[112] M81 Group
212 IKN dE 12.23 3.75[117] −14.29[117] M81 Group
212 KKs 54 dSph[105] 12.23 3.75[106] −10.41[106] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 60px NGC 5011C (ESO 269–68) dE/Im[118] 12.3 3.77[119][NB 2] −14.74[119] 13.47[119] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 Centaurus N 12.3 3.77[120] −11.15[120] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 KK 213 dSph[89] 12.3 3.77[59] 18.00[89] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 KK 203 dSph[105] 12.30 3.77[105] −11.7[105] Centaurus A/M83 Group In Centaurus A Group; contains a ring of Hα emission[105]
#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
member­ship 		Notes
Mly Mpc M m

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 Calculated from the distance modulus (m−M) and the absolute magnitude (MV)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Calculated from the distance modulus (m−M) using the formula dpc=10m−M5+1
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Galaxies of small Antlia-Sextans Group, which is considered as part of Local Group, but membership of it is uncertain.

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal 127 (4): 2031–2068. doi:10.1086/382905. Bibcode: 2004AJ....127.2031K. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Earth is 8,122 ± 31 parsecs (26,490 ± 100 ly) or 0.0265 million light years from the galactic center (the center of the Milky Way). The distance of Earth from the galaxy which contains it is of course "zero"
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named smith2024
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Longeard2018
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Sand, David J.; Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Spekkens, Kristine; Caldwell, Nelson; Crnojević, Denija; Hughes, Allison K.; Willman, Beth et al. (2018). "A Deeper Look at the New Milky Way Satellites: Sagittarius II, Reticulum II, Phoenix II, and Tucana III". The Astrophysical Journal 863 (1): 25. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacd0e. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...863...25M. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Belokurov2007
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52 7.53 7.54 7.55 7.56 7.57 7.58 7.59 7.60 7.61 I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal 129 (1): 178–188. doi:10.1086/426368. Bibcode: 2005AJ....129..178K. 
  8. ↑ 8.000 8.001 8.002 8.003 8.004 8.005 8.006 8.007 8.008 8.009 8.010 8.011 8.012 8.013 8.014 8.015 8.016 8.017 8.018 8.019 8.020 8.021 8.022 8.023 8.024 8.025 8.026 8.027 8.028 8.029 8.030 8.031 8.032 8.033 8.034 8.035 8.036 8.037 8.038 8.039 8.040 8.041 8.042 8.043 8.044 8.045 8.046 8.047 8.048 8.049 8.050 8.051 8.052 8.053 8.054 8.055 8.056 8.057 8.058 8.059 8.060 8.061 8.062 8.063 8.064 8.065 8.066 8.067 8.068 8.069 8.070 8.071 8.072 8.073 8.074 8.075 8.076 8.077 8.078 8.079 8.080 8.081 8.082 8.083 8.084 8.085 8.086 8.087 8.088 8.089 8.090 8.091 8.092 8.093 8.094 8.095 8.096 8.097 8.098 8.099 8.100 8.101 8.102 8.103 8.104 8.105 8.106 8.107 8.108 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/.  Retrieved 2008.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Koposov, Sergey E.; Walker, Matthew G.; Belokurov, Vasily; Casey, Andrew R.; Geringer-Sameth, Alex; MacKey, Dougal; Da Costa, Gary; Erkal, Denis et al. (2018). "Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 479 (4): 5343. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1772. Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.479.5343K. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Pace, A. B.; Torrealba, G.; Kuehn, K.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Vivas, A. K. et al. (2018). "Ships Passing in the Night: Spectroscopic Analysis of Two Ultra-faint Satellites in the Constellation Carina". The Astrophysical Journal 857 (2): 145. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab666. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...857..145L. 
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kallivayalil
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Belokurov, V. et al. (2009). "Segue 2: A Prototype of the Population of Satellites of Satellites". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397 (4): 1748–1755. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15106.x. Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.397.1748B. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Martin, Nicolas F.; de Jong, Jelte T. A.; Rix, Hans-Walter (September 2008). "A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites". The Astrophysical Journal 684 (2): 1075–1092. doi:10.1086/590336. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...684.1075M. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Musella, Ilaria et al. (2009). "Pulsating Variable Stars in the Coma Berenices Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 695 (1): L83–1L87. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/L83. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...695L..83M. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Allam, S.; Tucker, D. L.; Gruendl, R. A.; Johnson, M. D.; Walker, A. R.; James, D. J. et al. (2016). "An Ultra-faint Galaxy Candidate Discovered in Early Data from the Magellanic Satellites Survey". The Astrophysical Journal 833 (1): L5. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L5. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...833L...5D. 
  16. ↑ Grillmair, C.J. (2009). "Four New Stellar Debris Streams in the Galactic Halo". The Astrophysical Journal 693 (2): 1118–1127. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1118. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...693.1118G. 
  17. ↑ Carlin, Jeffrey L. et al. (September 2009). "Kinematics and Metallicities in the Boötes III Stellar Overdensity: a Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 702 (1): L9–L13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/L9. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...702L...9C. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Martínez-Vázquez, C. E.; Vivas, A. K.; Gurevich, M.; Walker, A. R.; McCarthy, M.; Pace, A. B.; Stringer, K. M.; Santiago, B. et al. (2019). "Search for RR Lyrae stars in DES ultra-faint systems: Grus I, Kim 2, Phoenix II, and Grus II". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490 (2): 2183. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2609. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.490.2183M. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Walker, Matthew G.; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.; Koposov, Sergey; Belokurov, Vasily; Jethwa, Prashin; Nidever, David L.; Bonnivard, Vincent et al. (2016). "Magellan/M2FS Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and Grus 1". The Astrophysical Journal 819 (1): 53. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/53. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...819...53W. 
  20. ↑ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 Cerny, W. et al. (2023). "Six More Ultra-faint Milky Way Companions Discovered in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey". The Astrophysical Journal 953 (1): 1. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdd78. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...953....1C. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Cerny, W. et al. (2021). "Eridanus IV: An Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Candidate Discovered in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 920 (2): L44. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac2d9a. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...920L..44C. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Koposov, Sergey E.; Casey, Andrew R.; Belokurov, Vasily; Lewis, James R.; Gilmore, Gerard; Worley, Clare; Hourihane, Anna; Randich, S. et al. (2015). "Kinematics and Chemistry of Recently Discovered Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1 Dwarf Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 811 (1): 62. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/62. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...811...62K. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Boyer, Martha L; Skillman, Evan D; Van Loon, Jacco Th; Gehrz, Robert D; Woodward, Charles E (2009). "Aspitzerstudy of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. Iii. Dust Production and Gas Return in Local Group Dwarf Irregular Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 697 (2): 1993–2014. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1993. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...697.1993B. 
  25. ↑ Watkins, L. L. et al. (2009), "Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 398 (4): 1757–70, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15242.x, Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.398.1757W. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Cerny, W. et al. (2025). "Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of Aquarius III: A Low-mass Milky Way Satellite Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal 979 (2): 164. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8eba. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..164C. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Cerny, W. et al. (2023). "Pegasus IV: Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Constellation Pegasus". The Astrophysical Journal 942 (2): 111. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca1c3. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...942..111C. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DrlicaWagner2015
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.; Irwin, M.; Collins, M.; Spencer, M.; Ibata, R.; Mateo, M. et al. (2016). "At the survey limits: Discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 463 (1): 712–722. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2051. Bibcode: 2016MNRAS.463..712T. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Tan, C. Y. et al. (2025). "A Pride of Satellites in the Constellation Leo? Discovery of the Leo VI Milky Way Satellite Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy with DELVE Early Data Release 3". The Astrophysical Journal 979 (2): 176. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b0c. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..176T. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Koposov, Sergey E.; Belokurov, Vasily; Torrealba, Gabriel; Evans, N. Wyn (2015). "Beasts of the Southern Wild: Discovery of Nine Ultra Faint Satellites in the Vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds". The Astrophysical Journal 805 (2): 130. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/130. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...805..130K. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Okamoto, Sakurako; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N; Hayashi, Kohei et al. (2024-06-08). "Final results of the search for new Milky Way satellites in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program survey: Discovery of two more candidates". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 76 (4): 733–752. doi:10.1093/pasj/psae044. ISSN 0004-6264. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Ji, Alexander P.; Koposov, Sergey E.; Li, Ting S.; Erkal, Denis; Pace, Andrew B.; Simon, Joshua D.; Belokurov, Vasily; Cullinane, Lara R. et al. (2021). "Kinematics of Antlia 2 and Crater 2 from the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S 5)". The Astrophysical Journal 921 (1): 32. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1869. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...921...32J. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Sand, David J.; Olszewski, Edward W.; Willman, Beth (2009). "The Star Formation History and Extended Structure of the Hercules Milky Way Satellite". The Astrophysical Journal 704 (2): 898–914. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/898. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...704..898S. 
  36. ↑ Oakes, Elias K.; Hoyt, Taylor J.; Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Tran, Quang H.; Cerny, William; Beaton, Rachael L.; Seibert, Mark (2022). "Distances to Local Group Galaxies via Population II, Stellar Distance Indicators. II. The Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal". The Astrophysical Journal 929 (2): 116. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac5b07. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...929..116O. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Vivas, A. Katherina; Olsen, Knut; Blum, Robert; Nidever, David L.; Walker, Alistair R.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Besla, Gurtina; Gallart, Carme et al. (2016). "Variable Stars in the Field of the Hydra II Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy". The Astronomical Journal 151 (5): 118. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/118. Bibcode: 2016AJ....151..118V. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Sand, David J. et al. (2010). "A Deeper Look at Leo IV: Star Formation History and Extended Structure". The Astrophysical Journal 718 (1): 530–42. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/530. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...718..530S. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 de Jong, J. T. A.; Martin, N. F.; Rix, H. W.; Smith, K. W.; Jin, S.; Macciò, A. V. (2010). "The Enigmatic Pair of Dwarf Galaxies Leo Iv and Leo V: Coincidence or Common Origin?". The Astrophysical Journal 710 (2): 1664–1671. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1664. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...710.1664D. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Sand, David J; Strader, Jay; Willman, Beth; Zaritsky, Dennis; McLeod, Brian; Caldwell, Nelson; Seth, Anil; Olszewski, Edward (2012). "Tidal Signatures in the Faintest Milky Way Satellites: The Detailed Properties of Leo V, Pisces II, and Canes Venatici II". The Astrophysical Journal 756 (1): 79. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/79. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...756...79S. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Richstein
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Sand, David J.; Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Spekkens, Kristine; Willman, Beth; Crnojević, Denija; Forbes, Duncan A.; Hargis, Jonathan et al. (2017). "Deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Observations of Milky Way Satellites Columba I and Triangulum II". The Astronomical Journal 154 (6): 267. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa94d0. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..267C. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Okamoto, Sakurako; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Hayashi, Kohei et al. (2019). "Boötes. IV. A new Milky Way satellite discovered in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and implications for the missing satellite problem". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 71 (5): 94. doi:10.1093/pasj/psz076. Bibcode: 2019PASJ...71...94H. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kim
  46. ↑ Martin, N. F.; Coleman, M. G.; De Jong, J. T. A.; Rix, H. W.; Bell, E. F.; Sand, D. J.; Hill, J. M.; Thompson, D. et al. (2008). "A Deep Large Binocular Telescope View of the Canes Venatici I Dwarf Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal 672 (1): L13–L16. doi:10.1086/525559. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...672L..13M. 
  47. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Zucker2006
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Okamoto, Sakurako; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Hayashi, Kohei et al. (2018). "Searches for new Milky Way satellites from the first two years of data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey: Discovery of Cetus III". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 70. doi:10.1093/pasj/psx050. Bibcode: 2018PASJ...70S..18H. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Wang, M. Y.; García-Bellido, J.; Frieman, J.; Marshall, J. L. et al. (2017). "Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II". The Astrophysical Journal 838 (1): 8. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6113. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...838....8L. 
  50. ↑ 50.00 50.01 50.02 50.03 50.04 50.05 50.06 50.07 50.08 50.09 50.10 Higgs, C. R.; McConnachie, A. W.; Annau, N.; Irwin, M.; Battaglia, G.; Côté, P.; Lewis, G. F.; Venn, K. (2021). "Solo dwarfs II: The stellar structure of isolated Local Group dwarf galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503 (1): 176–199. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab002. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.503..176H. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 McQuinn, Kristen. B. W.; Mao, Yao-Yuan; Tollerud, Erik J.; Cohen, Roger E.; Shih, David; Buckley, Matthew R.; Dolphin, Andrew E. (2024). "Discovery and Characterization of Two Ultrafaint Dwarfs outside the Halo of the Milky Way: Leo M and Leo K". The Astrophysical Journal 967 (2): 161. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad429b. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...967..161M. 
  52. ↑ 52.00 52.01 52.02 52.03 52.04 52.05 52.06 52.07 52.08 52.09 52.10 52.11 52.12 52.13 52.14 52.15 52.16 52.17 52.18 52.19 52.20 52.21 Skillman, Evan D.; Monelli, Matteo; Weisz, Daniel R.; Hidalgo, Sebastian L.; Aparicio, Antonio; Bernard, Edouard J.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael; Cassisi, Santi et al. (2017). "The ISLAndS Project. II. The Lifetime Star Formation Histories of Six Andromeda DSPHS". The Astrophysical Journal 837 (2): 102. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa60c5. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...837..102S. 
  53. ↑ 53.00 53.01 53.02 53.03 53.04 53.05 53.06 53.07 53.08 53.09 McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
  54. ↑ 54.00 54.01 54.02 54.03 54.04 54.05 54.06 54.07 54.08 54.09 54.10 54.11 54.12 54.13 54.14 54.15 54.16 54.17 54.18 54.19 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Collins2013
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.5 55.6 Hodkinson, Ben; Scholtz, Jakub (2019). "Proper motions of the satellites of M31". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488 (3): 3231. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1893. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.488.3231H. 
  56. ↑ 56.00 56.01 56.02 56.03 56.04 56.05 56.06 56.07 56.08 56.09 56.10 56.11 56.12 56.13 56.14 56.15 56.16 56.17 56.18 56.19 56.20 56.21 56.22 56.23 56.24 56.25 Martin, Nicolas F.; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Lewis, Geraint F.; McConnachie, Alan; Babul, Arif; Bate, Nicholas F.; Bernard, Edouard; Chapman, Scott C. et al. (2016). "The PAndAS View of the Andromeda Satellite System. II. Detailed Properties of 23 M31 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 833 (2): 167. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/167. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...833..167M. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Collins, Michelle L. M.; Charles, Emily J. E.; Martínez-Delgado, David; Monelli, Matteo; Karim, Noushin; Donatiello, Giuseppe; Tollerud, Erik J.; Boschin, Walter (2022). "Pegasus V/Andromeda XXXIV–a newly discovered ultrafaint dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of Andromeda". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 515 (1): L72–L77. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slac063. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.515L..72C. 
  58. ↑ 58.00 58.01 58.02 58.03 58.04 58.05 58.06 58.07 58.08 58.09 58.10 58.11 58.12 58.13 58.14 58.15 58.16 58.17 58.18 58.19 58.20 58.21 58.22 58.23 58.24 58.25 58.26 58.27 58.28 58.29 58.30 58.31 58.32 58.33 58.34 58.35 58.36 58.37 58.38 Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 393 (4): 1265. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x. Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.393.1265K. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 Tully, R. Brent (2013). "Cosmicflows-2: The Data". The Astronomical Journal 146 (4): 86. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/86. Bibcode: 2013AJ....146...86T. 
  60. ↑ Yang, S.-C; Sarajedini, A (2012). "HST/WFPC2 Imaging of the Dwarf Satellites And XI and And XIII : HB Morphology and RR Lyraes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 419 (2): 1362. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19792.x. Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.419.1362Y. 
  61. ↑ Navabi, Mahdieh; Saremi, Elham; Javadi, Atefeh; Noori, Majedeh; Van Loon, Jacco Th.; Khosroshahi, Habib G.; McDonald, Iain; Alizadeh, Mina et al. (2021). "The Isaac Newton Telescope Monitoring Survey of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies. IV. The Star Formation History of Andromeda VII Derived from Long-period Variable Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 910 (2): 127. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abdec1. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...910..127N. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 Martin, Nicolas F.; Slater, Colin T.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Morganson, Eric; Rix, Hans-Walter; Bell, Eric F.; Laevens, Benjamin P. M.; Bernard, Edouard J. et al. (2013). "Lacerta I and Cassiopeia III. Two Luminous and Distant Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxies Found in the 3π Pan-STARRS1 Survey". The Astrophysical Journal 772 (1): 15. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/1/15. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...772...15M. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4 Rhode, Katherine L.; Crnojević, Denija; Sand, David J.; Janowiecki, Steven; Young, Michael D.; Spekkens, Kristine (2017). "Structural and Photometric Properties of the Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxy Lacerta I from Deep Imaging with WIYN pODI". The Astrophysical Journal 836 (1): 137. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/137. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...836..137R. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 Martin, Nicolas F.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Slater, Colin T.; Bernard, Edouard J.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Bell, Eric F.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P. et al. (2013). "Perseus I: A Distant Satellite Dwarf Galaxy of Andromeda". The Astrophysical Journal 779 (1): L10. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/779/1/L10. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...779L..10M. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.4 65.5 65.6 65.7 Slater, Colin T.; Bell, Eric F.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Tollerud, Erik J.; Ho, Nhung (2015). "A Deep Study of the Dwarf Satellites Andromeda XXVIII and Andromeda XXIX". The Astrophysical Journal 806 (2): 230. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/230. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...806..230S. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see [1]
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 705 (1): 758–765. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/758. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...705..758M. 
  68. ↑ Lewis, G. F.; Ibata, R. A.; Chapman, S. C.; McConnachie, A.; Irwin, M. J.; Tolstoy, E.; Tanvir, N. R. (2007). "Inside the whale: the structure and dynamics of the isolated Cetus dwarf spheroidal: The Cetus dwarf galaxy" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 375 (4): 1364–1370. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11395.x. 
  69. ↑ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Spheroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see [2]
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 Collins, Michelle L M.; Karim, Noushin; Martinez-Delgado, David; Monelli, Matteo; Tollerud, Erik J.; Donatiello, Giuseppe; Navabi, Mahdieh; Charles, Emily et al. (2024). "Pisces VII/Triangulum III – M33's second dwarf satellite galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 528 (2): 2614–2620. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae199. Bibcode: 2024MNRAS.528.2614C. 
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 Arias, Jose Marco; Bell, Eric F.; Gozman, Katya; Jang, In Sung; Stockton, Saxon; Gnedin, Oleg Y.; D’Souza, Richard; Monachesi, Antonela et al. (2025-03-11). "Andromeda XXXV: The Faintest Dwarf Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 982 (1): L3. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adb433. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...982L...3A. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009–1020, https://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
  73. ↑ Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky et al. (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 387 (1): L45–L49. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.387L..45K. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see [3]
  75. ↑ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 Hargis, J. R.; Albers, S.; Crnojević, D.; Sand, D. J.; Weisz, D. R.; Carlin, J. L.; Spekkens, K.; Willman, B. et al. (2020). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Antlia B: Star Formation History and a New Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance". The Astrophysical Journal 888 (1): 31. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab58d2. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...888...31H. 
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 77.3 77.4 77.5 77.6 Sand, David J.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Jones, Michael G.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Andrews, Jennifer E.; Bennet, Paul; Crnojević, Denija; Donatiello, Giuseppe et al. (2024). "Three Quenched, Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the Direction of NGC 300: New Probes of Reionization and Internal Feedback". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 977 (1): L5. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad927c. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...977L...5S. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Sand, David J.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Jones, Michael G.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi; Chiti, Anirudh; Bennet, Paul et al. (2022). "Tucana B: A Potentially Isolated and Quenched Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy at D ≈ 1.4 MPC". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 935 (1): L17. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac85ee. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...935L..17S. 
  79. ↑ Tikhonov, N. A. (2019-12-01). "Distance to Irregular Galaxy Cas 1 Located near the Milky Way". Astrophysical Bulletin 74 (4): 396–402. doi:10.1134/S1990341319040060. Bibcode: 2019AstBu..74..396T. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AstBu..74..396T. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
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  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 82.2 Xu, Jin-Long; Zhu, Ming; Yu, Nai-Ping; Zhang, Chuan-Peng; Liu, Xiao-Lan; Ai, Mei; Jiang, Peng (2025). "FAST Discovery of a Gas-rich and Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy: KK153". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 982 (2): L36. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adbe7e. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...982L..36X. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 83.4 Sharina, M. E; Shimansky, V. V; Kniazev, A. Y (2017). "Nuclei of dwarf spheroidal galaxies KKs 3 and ESO 269−66 and their counterparts in our Galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2): 1955. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1605. Bibcode: 2017MNRAS.471.1955S. 
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 Karachentsev, I. D.; Makarova, L. N.; Tully, R. B.; Wu, Po-Feng; Kniazev, A. Y. (2014). "KK258, a new transition dwarf galaxy neighbouring the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 443 (2): 1281–1290. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1217. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.443.1281K. 
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 85.4 85.5 85.6 85.7 Karachentsev, Igor D.; Chazov, Maxim I.; Kaisin, Serafim S. (2025). "New radial velocities for 40 nearby dwarf galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 537: L21–L25. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slae111. 
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  87. ↑ 87.00 87.01 87.02 87.03 87.04 87.05 87.06 87.07 87.08 87.09 87.10 87.11 Karachentsev, I. D.; Dolphin, A. E.; Geisler, D.; Grebel, E. K.; Guhathakurta, P.; Hodge, P. W.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Sarajedini, A. et al. (2002). "The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure". Astronomy & Astrophysics 383: 125–136. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011741. Bibcode: 2002A&A...383..125K. 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 Makarova, Lidia N.; Tully, R. Brent; Anand, Gagandeep S.; Lambert, Trystan S.; Sharina, Margarita E.; Koribalski, Bärbel S.; Kraan-Korteweg, Renée C. (2023). "A Nearby Isolated Dwarf: Star Formation and Structure of ESO 006–001". The Astrophysical Journal 943 (2): 139. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb048. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...943..139M. 
  89. ↑ 89.00 89.01 89.02 89.03 89.04 89.05 89.06 89.07 89.08 89.09 89.10 89.11 89.12 89.13 89.14 Karachentsev, Igor D.; Makarov, Dmitry I.; Kaisina, Elena I. (2013). "Updated Nearby Galaxy Catalog". The Astronomical Journal 145 (4): 101. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/4/101. Bibcode: 2013AJ....145..101K. 
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  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 104.2 104.3 104.4 104.5 Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Williams, Benjamin F.; Seth, Anil C.; Dolphin, Andrew; Holtzman, Jon; Rosema, Keith; Skillman, Evan D.; Cole, Andrew et al. (2009). "The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 183 (1): 67–108. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/183/1/67. Bibcode: 2009ApJS..183...67D. 
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  107. ↑ Chiboucas, Kristin; Karachentsev, Igor D.; Tully, R. Brent (2009). "Discovery of New Dwarf Galaxies in the M81 Group". The Astronomical Journal 137 (2): 3009–3037. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3009. Bibcode: 2009AJ....137.3009C. 
  108. ↑ Jones, Michael G.; Sand, David J.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Fielder, Catherine E.; Crnojević, Denija; Bennet, Paul; Spekkens, Kristine; Donnerstein, Richard et al. (2024). "Corvus A: A Low-mass, Isolated Galaxy at 3.5 MPC". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 971 (2): L37. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad676e. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...971L..37J. 
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 109.4 109.5 Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Sand, David J.; Crnojević, Denija; Jones, Michael G.; Caldwell, Nelson; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Seth, Anil C.; Simon, Joshua D. et al. (2022). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of NGC 253 Dwarf Satellites: Three Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 926 (1): 77. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4418. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...926...77M. 
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 Puzia, Thomas H.; Sharina, Margarita E. (2008). "VLT Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in Low Surface Brightness Dwarf Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 674 (2): 909–926. doi:10.1086/525038. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...674..909P. 
  111. ↑ Young, T.; Jerjen, H.; López-Sánchez, Á. R.; Koribalski, B. S. (2014). "Deep near-infrared surface photometry and properties of Local Volume dwarf irregular galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 444 (4): 3052–3077. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1646. 
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.3 112.4 112.5 112.6 Makarova, Lidia; Koleva, Mina; Makarov, Dmitry; Prugniel, Philippe (2010). "Star formation history of KDG 61 and KDG 64 from spectroscopy and colour-magnitude diagrams". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 406 (2): 1152. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16746.x. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.406.1152M. 
  113. ↑ I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group
  114. ↑ Lelli, Federico; Verheijen, Marc; Fraternali, Filippo (2014). "The triggering of starbursts in low-mass galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 445 (2): 1694–1712. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1804. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.445.1694L. 
  115. ↑ Weisz, Daniel R.; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Williams, Benjamin F.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Skillman, Evan D.; Seth, Anil C.; Dolphin, Andrew E.; McQuinn, Kristen B. W. et al. (2011). "The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury. VIII. The Global Star Formation Histories of 60 Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Volume". The Astrophysical Journal 739 (1): 5. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/739/1/5. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...739....5W. 
  116. ↑ Egorov, Oleg V.; Lozinskaya, Tatiana A.; Vasiliev, Konstantin I.; Yarovova, Anastasiya D.; Gerasimov, Ivan S.; Kreckel, Kathryn; Moiseev, Alexei V. (2021). "Star formation in the nearby dwarf galaxy DDO 53: Interplay between gas accretion and stellar feedback". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508 (2): 2650–2667. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2710. 
  117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 Okamoto, Sakurako; Arimoto, Nobuo; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Irwin, Mike J.; Bernard, Edouard J.; Utsumi, Yousuke (2019). "Stellar Population and Structural Properties of Dwarf Galaxies and Young Stellar Systems in the M81 Group". The Astrophysical Journal 884 (2): 128. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab44a7. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...884..128O. 
  118. ↑ Saviane, Ivo; Jerjen, Helmut (2007). "NGC 5011C: An Overlooked Dwarf Galaxy in the Centaurus A Group". The Astronomical Journal 133 (4): 1756–1762. doi:10.1086/512157. Bibcode: 2007AJ....133.1756S. 
  119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 119.2 Lee, Myung Gyoon; Jang, In Sung (May 2016). "Dual Stellar Halos in the Standard Elliptical Galaxy M105 and Formation of Massive Early-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 822 (2): 17. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/70. 70. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...822...70L. 
  120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 Crnojević, D.; Grebel, E. K.; Koch, A. (2010). "A close look at the Centaurus a group of galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics 516: A85. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913429. 



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