Astronomy:List of nearest galaxies

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This is a list of known galaxies within 3.8 megaparsecs (12.4 million light-years) of the Solar System, in ascending order of heliocentric distance, or the distance to the Sun. This encompasses about 50 major Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.

The list aims to reflect current knowledge: not all galaxies within the 3.8 Mpc radius have been discovered. Nearby dwarf galaxies are still being discovered, and galaxies located behind the central plane of the Milky Way are extremely difficult to discern. It is possible for any galaxy to mask another located beyond it. Intergalactic distance measurements are subject to large uncertainties. Figures listed are composites of many measurements, some of which may have had their individual error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with each other.[1]

List

# Picture Galaxy Type Distance from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership 		Notes Diameter (ly)
Millions of light-years Mpc M m
  - Milky Way 2010.jpg Milky Way SBbc 0.0265
(to the galactic center)[2] 		0.008[2] −20.8[1] n/a Local Group Home galaxy of Earth. Barred spiral galaxy. 87,400 ly
  1 Canis Major Dwarf Irr (status as galaxy disputed) 0.025[3] 0.008 −14.5 23.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
  2 Draco II 0.0701 0.0215[4] −0.8[4] 15.87[4][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 120 ly[4]
  3 Tucana III 0.0747 0.0229[5] −1.3[5] 15.5[5][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way that is being tidally disrupted[5] 220 ly
  4 Segue 1 dSph or Glob Clus 0.075 0.023[6] −3.0[6] 13.8[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  5 S sgrdw1.jpg Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG dSph/E7 0.078 0.024[7] −12.67[7] 4.5[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way) 10,000 ly
  6 Hydrus I 0.0900 0.0276[9] −4.71[9] 12.49[9][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, possibly associated with the Magellanic Clouds[9] 348 ly[9]
  7 Carina III 0.0907 0.0278[10] −2.4[10] 14.82[10][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 200 ly[10]
  8 Ursa Major II Dwarf dSph 0.098 0.030 −4.2 14.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) ~1,800 ly
  8 Triangulum II 0.098 0.030[11] −1.8[11] 15.6[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
 10 Reticulum II 0.102 0.0314[5] −3.1[5] 14.4[5][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 378 ly
 11 Segue 2 dSph 0.114 0.035[12] −2.5[12] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, one of the smallest known galaxies 220 ly
 12 Carina II 0.122 0.0374[10] −4.5[10] 13.36[10][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 590 ly[10]
 13 Willman 1 dSph or Star Clus 0.124 0.038[13] −2.7[13] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 14 Boötes II dSph 0.137 0.042[13] −2.7[13] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 14 Coma Berenices Dwarf dSph 0.137 0.042[14] −3.6[14] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 16 Pictor II 0.147 0.045[15] −3.2[15] 15.1[15][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way possibly associated with the Large Magellanic Cloud[15] 300 ly[15]
 17 Boötes III dSph 0.150 0.046[16] −5.8[17] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 18 Tucana IV 0.157 0.048[11] −3.5[11] 14.9[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 19 The Large Magellanic Cloud revealed by VISTA.jpg Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) SB(s)m 0.163 0.050[7] −17.93[7] 0.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 32,200 ly
 20 Grus II 0.179 0.055[18] −3.9[18] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 607 ly[18]
 21 Tucana II 0.186 0.057[19] −3.8[19] 15.0[19][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1080 ly[19]
 22 Boo SDSS enhanced.jpg Boötes I dSph 0.197[8] 0.060 −5.8[20] 13.1 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 23 VISTA’s view of the Small Magellanic Cloud.jpg Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) SB(s)m pec 0.205 0.063[7] −16.35[7] 2.7[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 18,900 ly
 23 Ursa Minor Dwarf - Giuseppe Donatiello.jpg Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 0.205 0.063[7] −7.13[7] 11.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 25 Eridanus IV 0.250 0.0767[21] −4.7[21] 14.72[21][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way[21] 489 ly[21]
 26 Horologium II 0.254 0.078[11] −2.6[11] 1.69[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 287 ly[22]
 27 PGC 60095 Draco Dwarf Hubble WikiSky.jpg Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) dE0 pec 0.258 0.079[7] −8.74[7] 10.9[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter ~2,700 × 1,900 ly
 27 Horologium I 0.258 0.079[23] -3.4[23] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 196 ly
 29 Pisces Overdensity dIrr/dSph[24] 0.26 0.08[25] −10.35[24] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 30 Sextans Dwarf Sph dSph 0.280 0.086[7] −7.98[7] 12[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 8,400 ly
 31 Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy ESO.jpg Sculptor Dwarf (ESO 351-G30) dE3 0.287 0.088[7] −9.77[7] 10.1[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 32 Pegasus IV 0.294 0.090[26] −4.25[26] 15.52[26][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 32 Virgo I 0.297 0.091[11] −0.3[11] 19.5[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 33 Reticulum III 0.300 −3.3[27] 16.51[27][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 420 ly[27]
 34 Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) dSph 0.3157 0.0968[13] −6.75[28] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way ~2,000 ly
 35 Phoenix II 0.326 0.100[18] −2.7[18] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 290 ly[18]
 36 Carina Dwarf Galaxy.jpg Carina Dwarf (ESO 206-G220) dE3 0.33 0.10[7] −8.97[28] 11.3[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,600 ly
 37 Aquarius II 0.3519 0.1079[29] −4.36[29] 15.8[29][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,040 ly[29]
 38 Pictor I 0.372 0.114[30] −3.1[30] 20.3[30][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 190 ly[30]
 39 Crater II 0.383 0.1175[11] −8.2[11] 12.2[11][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 40 Grus I 0.391 0.120[19] −3.4[19] 17.0[19][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 404 ly
 41 Antlia 2 0.430 0.1318[31] −9.86[31] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way, most diffuse galaxy ever found
 42 Hercules Dwarf Galaxy.jpg Hercules Dwarf dSph 0.434 0.133[32] −5.3[32] 14.7[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 43 Fornax Dwarf (ESO 356-G04) dSph/E2 0.466 0.143[33] −11.5[7] 9.28[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 44 Canes Venatici II Dwarf dSph 0.49 0.15[6] −4.8[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 45 Hydra II dSph 0.492 0.151[34] −5.1[34] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 500 ly[34]
 46 Leo IV dwarf galaxy.jpeg Leo IV Dwarf dSph 0.502 0.154[35] −5.5[35] 15.9[6] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 47 Leo V Dwarf dSph 0.571 0.175[36] −5.2[36] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 48 Pisces II dG[37] 0.597 0.183[37] −4.28[38] 17.03[38] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 48 Columba I 0.597 0.183[39] −4.2[39] 17.11[39][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 760 ly[39]
 50 Boötes IV 0.682 0.209[40] −4.53[40] 17.07[40][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way[40] 3,000 ly[40]
51 LG Leo II (26422781005).jpg Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93) dE0 pec 0.701[41] 0.215 −9.23[7] 12.45[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 4,100 ly (tidal)
51 Pegasus III 0.701 0.215[42] −4.17[42] 17.50[38] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 350 ly[42]
53 Canes Venatici I Dwarf dSph 0.711 0.218[43] −7.9[44] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
54 Cetus III 0.819 0.251[45] −2.45[45] 19.55[45][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 580 ly[45]
55 Ugc5470.jpg Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74, UGC 5470) dE3 0.820[41] 0.251 −10.97[7] 11.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
56 Eridanus II 1.19[46] 0.366[46] −7.1[46] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way 1,810 ly[46]
57 Leo T Dwarf dIrr/dSph 1.35 0.413[47] 16[8] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way? 2,300 ly
58 Phoenix Dwarf Hubble WikiSky.jpg Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830) IAm 1.44 0.44 −10.22[7] 13.07[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
59 Pisces V (Andromeda XVI) dSph[48] 1.79 0.55[48][NB 2] −7.6[48] 16.1[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 985 ly[48]
60 Barnard's Galaxy.jpg Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822) IB(s)m IV-V 1.859 0.570[47] −15.22[7] 9.32[1] Local Group It contains several large H II regions 7,000 ly
61 NGC 185 HST.jpg NGC 185 dE3 pec 2.05[49] 0.63 −14.76[7] 9.99[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda; possibly closest Seyfert galaxy to Earth
62 Andromeda II color cutout hst 13028 06 acs wfc f814w f475w sci.jpg Andromeda II dE0 2.22 0.68[48][NB 2] −12.6[48] 11.7[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 6,820 ly[48]
63 Cassiopeia II (Andromeda XXX) dSph[50] 2.221 0.681[51] −8.0[52] 16.0[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,800 ly
64 IC1613-3.jpg IC 1613 (UGC 668) IAB(s)m V 2.24 0.686[47] −14.51[7] 9.92[1] Local Group
65 Pegasus V (Andromeda XXXIV) 2.26 0.692[53] −6.3[53] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[53]
66 Leo A Hubble WikiSky.jpg Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) IBm V 2.34[47] 0.717[47] −11.68[54] 12.92 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
67 Andromeda XVII dSph[50] 2.371 0.727[51] −7.8[52] 16.6[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,900 ly
68 Andromeda XXV dSph[50] 2.401 0.736[51] −9.0[52] 15.3[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 3,560 ly
69 Andromeda XI dSph[50] 2.41 0.74[55] −7.3[56] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
70 Andromeda XX dSph[50] 2.417 0.741[50] −6.4[52] 18.0[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 590 ly[52]
71 Andromeda XXIII dSph[50] 2.440 0.748[50] −9.8[52] 14.6[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 7,770 ly[52]
72 IC10 BVHa.jpg IC 10 (UGC 192) dIrr IV/BCD[8] 2.446 0.750 −15.57[7] 12.2[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
73 Andromeda III color cutout hst 13739 22 acs wfc f814w f475w sci.jpg Andromeda III dE2 2.45 0.75[48][NB 2] −10.1[48] 14.4[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2750 ly[48]
73 Cassiopeia Dwarf (PGC 2807155) Hubble WikiSky.jpg Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) dSph 2.45 0.75[57][NB 2] −11.67[7] 13.65[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
75 Andromeda XXVI dSph[50] 2.459 0.754[51] −5.8[52] 18.5[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 980 ly
76 Cetus Dwarf Galaxy color cutout hst 10505 31 acs wfc f814w f475w sci.jpg Cetus Dwarf dSph/E4 2.460[49] 0.754 −10.18[7] 14.4[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 77 Pisces III (Andromeda XIII) dSph[50] 2.479 0.760[51] −6.5[52] 17.8[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 850 ly
 78 Andromeda XV dSph[48] 2.48 0.76[48][NB 2] −8.4[48] 16.0[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7] 1840 ly[48]
 79 M32 Lanoue.png M32 (NGC 221) E2 2.489[41] 0.763 −15.96[7] 8.73[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda 6,500 ly
 80 Andromeda IX dE 2.500[49] 0.767 −7.5[7] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 81 LGS 3 ubv.jpg Pisces Dwarf (LGS 3) dIrr/dSph 2.510[49] 0.770 −7.96[7] 16.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Triangulum[citation needed]
 82 Cassiopeia III (Andromeda XXXII) 2.518 0.772[58] −12.3[58] 12.15[58][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 9,500 ly[58]
 83 Andromeda V dSph[50] 2.52[49] 0.773 −8.41[7] 16.67[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 84 Lacerta I (Andromeda XXXI) dSph 2.521 0.773[59] −11.4[59] 13.04[59][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[59] 4,750 ly[59]
 85 NGC147.jpg NGC 147 (DDO 3) dE5 pec 2.53[49] 0.776 −14.9[7] 10.36[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 86 M31bobo.jpg Andromeda Galaxy (M31) SA(s)b 2.538[49] 0.778 −21.58[7] 4.17[1] Local Group Largest Galaxy in the Local Group (The Milky Way is the second largest), with at least 19 satellite galaxies. Barred spiral galaxy. 152,000 ly
 87 Andromeda VI color cutout hst 08272 04 wfpc2 f555w f450w wf sci.jpg Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal (Andromeda VI) dSph[50] 2.55[49] 0.78 −10.80[7] 14.05[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[7]
 88 Perseus I (Andromeda XXXIII) 2.560 0.785[60] −10.3[60] 14.19[60][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,600 ly[60]
 89 Andromeda XIV (Pisces IV) 2.586 0.793[51] −8.5[52] 15.8[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda ~1,700 ly
 90 Andromeda I Hubble WikiSky.jpg Andromeda I dE3 pec 2.61 0.80[48][NB 2] −12.0[48] 12.7[48] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 5,840 ly[48]
 91 Andromeda XXVIII dSph[50] 2.645 0.811[61] −8.7[61] 15.85[61][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 1,800 ly[61]
 92 File:Not So Dead After All Messier 110.tif M110 (NGC 205) E6p 2.67[49] 0.82 −16.15[7] 8.72[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 93 Andromeda VIII dSph[62] 2.700 0.828 −15.6 9.1 Local Group Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[62]
 94 Andromeda XXIX 2.704 0.829[61] −8.5[61] 16.09[61][NB 1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,050 ly[61]
 95 VST snaps a very detailed view of the Triangulum Galaxy.jpg Triangulum Galaxy (M33) SA(s)cd 2.73[49] 0.84 −18.87[7] 6.19[1] Local Group Most distant (difficult) naked eye object. Closest unbarred spiral galaxy to us and third largest galaxy in the Local Group. 61,100 ly
 96 Andromeda XXI[63] dSph[50] 2.802 0.859 −9.9 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 97 Tucana Dwarf Hubble WikiSky.jpg Tucana Dwarf dE5 2.87 0.88[7] −9.16 15.7[1] Local Group[7] Isolated group member — a 'primordial' galaxy[64]
 98 Andromeda X.jpg Andromeda X dSph[8] 2.90 0.889 −8.1[65] 16.1[8] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006
99 Andromeda XXIV dSph[50] 2.929 0.898[50] −8.4[52] 16.3[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 4,440 ly[52]
99 Pegasus Irregular Dwarf Galaxy.jpg Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216) dIrr/dSph[8] 2.929[47] 0.898[47] −11.47[7] 13.21[8] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
101 Andromeda XII dSph[50] 3.027 0.928[51] −7.0[52] 17.7[52] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda 2,740 ly
102 The WLM galaxy on the edge of the Local Group.jpg Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) IB(s)m[8] 3.043 0.933[54] −14.06[54] 11.03[8] Local Group Isolated member at the edge of the local group 11,500 ly
102 Andromeda XIX[66] dSph[50] 3.043 0.933 −9.3 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc 2,200 ly
104 Andromeda XXII[63] dSph[50] 3.219 0.987 18.0 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
105 Aquariusdwarf.gif Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210) Im V 3.22[47] 0.988[47] −11.09[54] 14.0[8] Local Group Isolated group member
106 Pisces VII (Triangulum III) 3.26 1.0[67] −6.8[67] Local Group Possible satellite of Triangulum[67]
107 SagDIG.jpg Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) IB(s)m V[8] 3.907 1.198[47] −11.49 15.5 Local Group[1] Isolated, star forming group member 3,000 ly
108 UGC 4879.jpg UGC 4879 (VV124)[68] IAm 3.956 1.213[47] −11.5[54] 13.2 Local Group Isolated, star forming group member 3,000 ly
109 Andromeda XVIII.jpg Andromeda XVIII[66] dSph[50] 3.960 1.214[50] −9.2[52] 16.2[52] Local Group 1,700[52] ≈ 1,200 ly
110 Antlia Dwarf PGC 29194 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Antlia Dwarf dE3.5[8] 4.28 1.31[54] −9.63[54] 16.19[1] Local Group[NB 3] May have interacted with NGC 3109[69] 3,000 ly
111 Sextans dwarf.jpg Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) IBm[8] 4.31[70] 1.32 −13.95[7] 11.86[8] Local Group[NB 3] Contains cluster of young hot blue stars 5,000 ly
112 NGC 3109 814 606.jpg NGC 3109 SB(s)m 4.338 1.35[69] −15.68[1] 10.39[1] Local Group[NB 3] Possibly spiral galaxy 25,000 ly
113 Antlia B dSph/Irr 4.40 1.35[71] −9.7[71] 15.95[71][NB 1] Local Group[NB 3] Satellite of NGC 3109[71] 1,780 ly[71]
114 Sextans B Hubble WikiSky.jpg Sextans B (UGC 5373) IM IV-V[8] 4.47 1.37[54] −14.08[54] 11.85[8] Local Group[NB 3] One of the smallest galaxies with planetary nebulae 6,000 ly
114 Tucana B dSph 4.56 1.4[72] −6.9[72] 18.85[72][NB 1] Local Group Isolated group member 522 ly
115 Cassiopeia 1 Irr 5.19 1.59[73] -14.2 14.62 Isolated Isolated galaxy
116 Leo P color cutout hst 13376 08 acs wfc f814w f475w sci.jpg Leo P Irr 5.28 1.62[1] -9.27 16.89 Local Group[NB 3] Extremely low metallicity 3,690 ly
117 IC 5152 HST.png IC 5152 IA(s)m[8] 5.68 1.74[54] −15.56[54] 11.06[8] Local Group ? Possible outlying member of Local Group 4,000 ly
118 View of the southern spiral NGC 300.jpg NGC 300 SA(s)d[8] 6.07 1.86[74] −17.92[1] 8.95[8] between LG and Sculptor Group Closest spiral galaxy to Local Group
forms pair with NGC 55 		94,000 ly
119 Color cutout hst 11986 07 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci KKR 25.jpg KKR 25 Irr 6.20 1.90[1] −9.94[54] 17.0[8] between LG and M81
120 Color cutout HST MOS 4488 ACS WFC F814W F606W sci ESO 410-G 005.jpg ESO 410-G005 E3[8] 6.213 1.905[54] −11.60[54] 14.85[8] NGC 55 & 300 ≈ 2,500 ly
121 Color cutout hst 10503 07 acs wfc f814w f606w sci ESO 294-010.jpg ESO 294-010 dS0/Im[8] 6.36[74] 1.96[54] −10.95[54] 15.6[8] NGC 55 & 300
122 Irregular Galaxy NGC 55 (ESO 0914a).jpg NGC 55 SB(s)m[8] 6.52 2.00[54] −18.47[54] 8.84[1] between LG and Sculptor Group Forms pair with NGC 300 70,000 ly
123 KKs 3 dSph[75] 6.91 2.12[75] −12.3[75] 14.47[75] 4,900 ly[75]
124 PGC 166185.jpeg KKR 3 (KK 230) dIrr 6.98 2.14[54] −9.8 17.90[8] Inner edge of M94 Group 980 ly
125 UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) IB(s)m pec:[8] 7.24 2.22[54] −12.92[54] 13.86[1] NGC 55 & 300
126 KK 258 (ESO 468-20) dTr[76] 7.27 2.23[76] −10.3[76] NGC 55 & 300
127 UGC 9128.jpg UGC 9128 (DDO 187) ImIV-V 7.31 2.24[54] −12.47[54] 14.38[8] Inner edge of M94 Group
128 Color cutout hst 08601 27 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci IC 3104.jpg IC 3104 IB(s)m 7.40 2.27[1] −14.85[54] 13.63[8] On the way to Circinus galaxy
129 Footprint galaxy.png GR 8 (DDO 155) ImV[8] 7.8 2.4[54] −12.14[54] 14.65[8] Inner edge of M94 Group "footprint galaxy"
130 Hst-IC4662.jpg IC 4662 (ESO 102-14) IBm 7.96 2.44[54] −15.56[54] 11.74[8] On the way to Circinus galaxy 7,000 ly
131 Color cutout hst 10915 0n acs wfc f814w f475w sci KKh 98.jpg KKH 98 Irr 7.99 2.45[1] −10.78[1] 16.7[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
132 Color cutout hst 11719 19 wfc3 ir f160w f110w sci UGC 8508.jpg UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) IAm 8.35[77] 2.69[54] −13.09[54] 14.40[8] M94 Group
133 Color cutout hst 11986 13 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci KKh 086.jpg KKH 86 Irr 8.48 2.60[54] −10.30[54] 16.8[8] Isolated (M94/Cent A)
134 Color cutout hst 11986 15 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci DDO 99.jpg DDO 99 (UGC 6817) Im 8.61 2.64[1]–3.9[8] −13.52[54] 13.4[8] M94 Group
135 ESO 6-1 Ir 8.81 2.70[78] −12.41[78] 14.75[78] Blue compact dwarf galaxy[79]
136 Color cutout hst 11986 11 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci DDO 125.jpg UGC 7577 (DDO 125) Im 8.94 2.74[54] −14.32[54] 12.84[8] M94 Group
137 Dwingeloo 1 (WISE).png Dwingeloo 1 SB(s)cd 9.1 2.8[1] −18.78 19.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 35,000 ly
138 UGC 9240 galaxy HST.jpg UGC 9240 (DDO 190) IAm 9.13 2.80[54] −14.19[54] 13.25[8] M94 Group 15,000 ly
139 NGC 4190 hst 10905 R606GB450 hst 11012 R606.png NGC 4190 Irr (BCD) 9.19[79] 2.82[79][NB 2] 13.50[79] Satellite of NGC 4214[79]
140 KKs 53 (Cen 7) dSph[80] 9.56 2.93[81] −10.86 17.30[1] Centaurus A/M83 Group
141 NGC 4214HSTFull.jpg NGC 4214 (UGC 7278) IAB(s)m 9.59 2.94[1] 10.24[8] M94 Group Starburst galaxy
142 UGCA 276 (or DDO 113) color cutout hst 10915 0r acs wfc f814w f475w sci.jpg UGCA 276 (DDO 113) Im 9.62 2.95[82] 15.40[8] M94 Group
143 UGCA 133 (or DDO 44) color cutout hst 10915 0x acs wfc f814w f475w sci.jpg UGCA 133 (DDO 44) Im 9.65 2.96[83] −12.9[83] 15.54[8] M81 Group Likely satellite of NGC 2403
143 NGC 4163 Hubble.jpg NGC 4163 (NGC 4167) dIrr 9.65 2.96[84] 14.5[8] M94 Group 4,000 ly
144 UGCA 86 color cutout hst 9771 14 acs wfc f814w f606w sci.jpg UGCA 86 SAB(s)m[85] 9.72 2.98[86] 13.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[85] Satellite of IC 342[86] 20,000 ly
145 NGC1560 - GALEX-WIKISKY.png NGC 1560 SA(s)d HII 9.75 2.99[1] −16.87[7] 12.16[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[86]
146 MADCASH-2 (MADCASH J121007+352635-dw) dSph 9.78 3.00[87] −9.15[87] 18.24[NB 1] M94 Group Likely satellite of NGC 4214
147 Dwingeloo 2 Im? 9.8 3.0[1] −14.55[1] 20.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 20,000 ly
147 KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) dE/N 9.8 3.0[1] −13.35[7] 16.2[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
147 KKH 12 Irr 9.8 3.0[1] −13.03 17.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
147 MB 3 dSph 9.8 3.0[1] −13.65[7] 19.8[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 10,000 ly
147 MB 1 (KK 21) SAB(s)d? 9.8 3.0[1] −14.81[7] 20.5[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 5,000 ly
147 Maf1atlas.jpg Maffei 1 S0- pec 9.8 3.0[1] −18.97[7] 11.4[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 55,000 ly
153 Maf2atlas.jpg Maffei 2 SAB(rs)bc 9.801 3.005[1] −20.15[7] 14.77[8] IC 342/Maffei Group 60,000 ly
154 UGC 8651 color cutout hst 10210 04 acs wfc f814w f606w sci.jpg UGC 8651 (DDO 181) Im 9.82 3.01[1] 14.7[8] M94 Group
155 Donatiello I TNG official (cropped).jpg Donatiello I dSph 9.88 3.04[84] [8] Possible satellite of NGC 404
156 NGC2403-Subaru-HST-L.jpg NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd HII 9.92 3.04[87] −19.29 8.93[8] Inner edge of M81 Group 50,000 ly
157 NGC 404 Hubble.jpg NGC 404 SA(s)0-:[8] 10.05 3.08[54] −16.61[54] 11.21[8] 'Mirach's Ghost'
158 PGC 54392 (SDSS II).jpg ESO 274-01[88] SAd: 10.1 3.09 11.7 Centaurus A/M83 Group
159 GALFA-Dw4[89] dIrr 10.1 3.10 −11.8 15.7 Isolated
160 KKH 22 dSph 10.17 3.12[86] –12.19[86] 15.28[86] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[86]
161 NGC 3741.png NGC 3741 ImIII/BCD 10.21[77] 3.13 14.3[8] M94 Group
162 KK 35 Irr 10.31 3.16[1] −14.30 17.2[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[86]
162 HIPASS J1247-77 Im 10.31 3.16[90] 17.B[8] Aligned with IC 3104
164 NGC 2366HST.jpg NGC 2366 IB(s)m 10.40[77] 3.19 11.43[8] M81 Group
164 Starburst in a Dwarf Irregular Galaxy.jpg NGC 1569 (UGC 3056) IBm;Sbrst[8] 10.40 3.19[86] −18.17[1] 11.86[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[85] Satellite of IC 342[86] 6,000 ly
164 Color cutout hst 11986 16 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci ESO 321-14.jpg ESO 321-014[88] IBm[8] 10.40[88] 3.19 15.16[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
167 UGC 8833 (HST).jpg UGC 8833 Im 10.41 3.19[1] 16.5[8] M94 Group
168 PGC 621 Hubble-WikiSky.jpg Sculptor dIG (ESO 349-31) dIrr 10.44 3.2[91] −11.87 15.5[8] Sculptor Group Satellite of NGC 7793
169 UGC 4483 color cutout hst 08769 20 wfpc2 f814w f555w wf sci.jpg UGC 4483 dIrr 10.47[77] 3.21 15.2[8] M81 Group
169 dw0910p7326 ("Blobby") dSph 10.47 3.21[92] 11.57[92] 15.96[92] M81 Group
170 Color cutout hst 9771 16 acs wfc f814w f606w sci UGCA 92.jpg UGCA 92 Im?[8] 10.50 3.22[86] 13[8] IC 342/Maffei Group[85] Satellite of IC 342[86]
171 IC342 RGB2.jpg IC 342 SAB(rs)cd[8] 10.70 3.28[1] −20.69[1] 9.37[1] IC 342/Maffei Group "the hidden galaxy" 75,000 ly
173 Color cutout hst 10915 0z acs wfc f814w f475w sci DDO 006.jpg UGCA 15 (DDO 6) IB(s)m 10.90 3.34[7] −12.50[7] 15.19[8] Sculptor group
174 KKs 58 dSph[93] 10.96 3.36[94] −11.93[94] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 Hst 11719 38 wfc3 ir f160w f110w sci KKH 37.jpg KKH 37 (Mai 16) S/Irr 11.06 3.39[90] 16.4[8] IC 342/Maffei Group
175 Ugca105.jpg UGCA 105 Im? 11.06 3.39[86] −16.81 13.9[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[86]
175 File:Irregular galaxy Holmberg II (captured by the Hubble Space Telescope).tif Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) Im 11.06[77] 3.39 11.1[8] M81 Group
175 NGC 5102 2MASS.jpg NGC 5102 SA0- HII 11.09 3.40[1] −18.08.56 10.35[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 Color cutout hst 9771 94 acs wfc f814w f606w sci NGC 5237.jpg NGC 5237 I0?[8] 11.09 3.40[88] 13.23[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 Color cutout hst 11986 24 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci ESO 325-11.jpg ESO 325-11 11.09 3.40[88] 13.99[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
175 ESO 540-030.jpg ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) IABm 11.09 3.40[7] −11.39 16.45[8] Sculptor group
182 Wide Field Imager view of the spiral galaxy NGC 247.jpg NGC 247 SAB(s)d 11.1 3.4[7] −20.00 9.9[8] Sculptor group
183 MADCASH-1 (MADCASH J074238+652501-dw) dSph 11.12 3.41[87] −7.81[87] 19.85[NB 1] M81 Group Likely satellite of NGC 2403
184 F6D1 (FM 1, PGC 3097828) dSph[95] 11.15[77] 3.42 17.5[8] M81 Group
184 Color cutout hst 10503 33 acs wfc f814w f606w sci ESO 540-32.jpg ESO 540-032 IAB(s)m pec: 11.15 3.42[7] −11.32[7] 16.55[8] Sculptor group
186 Color cutout hst 11986 04 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci ESO 383-87.jpg ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) SB(s)dm 11.25 3.45[88] −15.16[1] 11.03[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
187 Color cutout hst 06814 01 wfpc2 f814w f555w f439w pc sci NGC 5206.jpg NGC 5206 SB0 11.32 3.47[88] Centaurus A/M83 Group
188 Color cutout hst 11986 35 wfpc2 f814w f606w wf sci ESO 269-37.jpg KK 179 (ESO 269-37) IABm: 11.4 3.48[88] Centaurus A/M83 Group
189 Sculptor Galaxy by VISTA.jpg Sculptor Galaxy
(NGC 253) 		SAB(s)c 11.40[77] 3.49 8.0[8] Sculptor group 90,000 ly
190 Color cutout hst 9884 05 acs wfc f814w f606w sci DDO 71.jpg DDO 71 (UGC 5428) Im 11.42[77] 3.50 18[8] M81 Group
191 Camelopardalis B Irr 11.46 3.50[86] −11.85 16.1[8] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[86]
192 M82 HST ACS 2006-14-a-large web.jpg Messier 82 I0;Sbrst HII 11.42 3.53[7] −19.63[7] 9.30 [8] M81 Group 37,000 ly, possibly up to 100,000 ly
193 A Peculiar Compact Blue Dwarf Galaxy.jpg NGC 5253 Im pec 11.51 3.53[7] 10.9 [8] Centaurus A/M83 Group Nearest Wolf-Rayet galaxy to us.
194 M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) I? 11.58[77] 3.55 −11.49[7] 16.5[8] M81 Group
194 Color cutout hst 9884 01 acs wfc f814w f606w sci KK98 77.jpg KK 77 (F12D1) dSph 11.58 3.55[96] 16.2[8] M81 Group
196 NGC 2976SSTFull.jpg NGC 2976 SAc pec HII 11.61[77] 3.56 −17.1[7] 10.82[8] M81 Group
196 Camelopardalis A 11.61 3.56[86] IC 342/Maffei Group Satellite of IC 342[86]
198 KK 211 (AM 1339-445) dSph[97] 11.68 3.58[86] −11.93[86] 16.32[86] Centaurus A/M83 Group Satellite of NGC 5128[97]
198 PGC 51659 (UKS 1424-460) IBm[98] 11.68 3.58[86] −11.83[86] 16.50[86] Centaurus A/M83 Group
198 KDG 61 dE/dSph[99] 11.68 3.58[99] −12.84[99] 14.93[99] M81 Group
201 Phot-18b-99-hires.jpg NGC 4945 SB(s)cd:sp[8] 11.70[100] 3.59 −20.51[1] 9.3[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group
202 NGC 6789 hst 09162 R814B606.png NGC 6789 Im[8] 11.74 3.6[1] −14.32[1] 13.76[1] In the Local Void[101]
202 Messier 81 HST.jpg Messier 81 SA(s)ab, LINER 11.74[77] 3.6 6.94[8] M81 Group Brightest galaxy in M81 Group 90,000 ly
204 Hubble dwarf galaxy Holmberg IX.jpg Holmberg IX (UGC 5336, DDO 66) Irr[79] 11.77 3.61[79] 14.53[79] M81 Group Contains ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) Holmberg IX X-1
204 UGCA 292 color cutout hst 10915 0u acs wfc f814w f475w sci.jpg UGCA 292 (CVn I dwA) ImIV-V 11.77 3.61[96] 16.0[8] M94 Group
206 BK 5N dSph[79] 11.84 3.63[55] 17.49[55] M81 Group
207 DDO 78 (KK 89) dSph[79] 11.94 3.66[96] 16.50[79] M81 Group
207 F8D1 dSph[79] 11.94 3.66[96] −12.20[102] 15.70[79] M81 Group
209 UGC 4459.jpg UGC 4459 (DDO 53) Im 12.00 3.68[103] −13.37[7] 14.48 [8] M81 Group
210 ESO Centaurus A LABOCA.jpg Centaurus A (NGC 5128) S0 pec 12.01[77] 3.68 6.84[8] Centaurus A/M83 Group Brightest galaxy in Centaurus A Group and brightest and nearest radio galaxy 60,000 ly
211 KDG 64 (UGC 5442) dE/dSph 12.07 3.70[99] −12.55[99] 15.29[99] M81 Group
212 IKN dE 12.23 3.75[104] −14.29[104] M81 Group
212 KKs 54 dSph[93] 12.23 3.75[94] −10.41[94] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 Potw1253a.png NGC 5011C (ESO 269-68) dE/Im[105] 12.3 3.77[106][NB 2] −14.74[106] 13.47[106] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 Centaurus N 12.3 3.77[107] −11.15[107] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 KK 213 dSph[79] 12.3 3.77[55] 18.00[79] Centaurus A/M83 Group
213 KK 203 dSph[93] 12.30 3.77[93] −11.7[93] Centaurus A/M83 Group In Centaurus A Group; contains a ring of Hα emission[93]
#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership 		Notes
Mly Mpc M m

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 Calculated from the distance modulus ([math]\displaystyle{ m - M }[/math]) and the absolute magnitude ([math]\displaystyle{ M_{V} }[/math])
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Calculated from the distance modulus ([math]\displaystyle{ m - M }[/math]) using the formula [math]\displaystyle{ d_{pc} = 10^{\frac{m - M}{5} + 1} }[/math]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Galaxies of small Antlia-Sextans Group, which is considered as part of Local Group, but membership of it is uncertain.

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal 127 (4): 2031–2068. doi:10.1086/382905. Bibcode: 2004AJ....127.2031K. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Earth is 8,122 ± 31 parsecs (26,490 ± 100 ly) or 0.0265 million light years from the galactic center (the center of the Milky Way). The distance of Earth from the galaxy which contains it is of course "zero"
  3. ↑ "Astronomers find nearest galaxy to the Milky Way" (Press release). University of Strasbourg. 4 November 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-05-27.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Longeard, Nicolas; Martin, Nicolas; Starkenburg, Else; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Collins, Michelle L M.; Geha, Marla; Laevens, Benjamin P M.; Rich, R Michael et al. (2018). "Pristine dwarf galaxy survey – I. A detailed photometric and spectroscopic study of the very metal-poor Draco II satellite". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 480 (2): 2609–2627. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1986. Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.480.2609L. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Sand, David J.; Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Spekkens, Kristine; Caldwell, Nelson; Crnojević, Denija; Hughes, Allison K.; Willman, Beth et al. (2018). "A Deeper Look at the New Milky Way Satellites: Sagittarius II, Reticulum II, Phoenix II, and Tucana III". The Astrophysical Journal 863 (1): 25. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacd0e. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...863...25M. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Belokurov2007
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52 7.53 7.54 7.55 7.56 7.57 7.58 7.59 7.60 7.61 I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal 129 (1): 178–188. doi:10.1086/426368. Bibcode: 2005AJ....129..178K. 
  8. ↑ 8.000 8.001 8.002 8.003 8.004 8.005 8.006 8.007 8.008 8.009 8.010 8.011 8.012 8.013 8.014 8.015 8.016 8.017 8.018 8.019 8.020 8.021 8.022 8.023 8.024 8.025 8.026 8.027 8.028 8.029 8.030 8.031 8.032 8.033 8.034 8.035 8.036 8.037 8.038 8.039 8.040 8.041 8.042 8.043 8.044 8.045 8.046 8.047 8.048 8.049 8.050 8.051 8.052 8.053 8.054 8.055 8.056 8.057 8.058 8.059 8.060 8.061 8.062 8.063 8.064 8.065 8.066 8.067 8.068 8.069 8.070 8.071 8.072 8.073 8.074 8.075 8.076 8.077 8.078 8.079 8.080 8.081 8.082 8.083 8.084 8.085 8.086 8.087 8.088 8.089 8.090 8.091 8.092 8.093 8.094 8.095 8.096 8.097 8.098 8.099 8.100 8.101 8.102 8.103 8.104 8.105 8.106 8.107 8.108 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/.  Retrieved 2008.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Koposov, Sergey E.; Walker, Matthew G.; Belokurov, Vasily; Casey, Andrew R.; Geringer-Sameth, Alex; MacKey, Dougal; Da Costa, Gary; Erkal, Denis et al. (2018). "Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 479 (4): 5343. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1772. Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.479.5343K. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Pace, A. B.; Torrealba, G.; Kuehn, K.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Vivas, A. K. et al. (2018). "Ships Passing in the Night: Spectroscopic Analysis of Two Ultra-faint Satellites in the Constellation Carina". The Astrophysical Journal 857 (2): 145. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab666. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...857..145L. 
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 Kallivayalil, Nitya; Sales, Laura V.; Zivick, Paul; Fritz, Tobias K.; Del Pino, Andrés; Sohn, Sangmo Tony; Besla, Gurtina; Van Der Marel, Roeland P. et al. (2018). "The Missing Satellites of the Magellanic Clouds? Gaia Proper Motions of the Recently Discovered Ultra-faint Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 867 (1): 19. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadfee. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...867...19K. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Belokurov, V. et al. (2009). "Segue 2: A Prototype of the Population of Satellites of Satellites". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397 (4): 1748–1755. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15106.x. Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.397.1748B. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Martin, Nicolas F.; de Jong, Jelte T. A.; Rix, Hans-Walter (September 2008). "A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites". The Astrophysical Journal 684 (2): 1075–1092. doi:10.1086/590336. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...684.1075M. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Musella, Ilaria et al. (2009). "Pulsating Variable Stars in the Coma Berenices Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 695 (1): L83–1L87. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/L83. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...695L..83M. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Allam, S.; Tucker, D. L.; Gruendl, R. A.; Johnson, M. D.; Walker, A. R.; James, D. J. et al. (2016). "An Ultra-faint Galaxy Candidate Discovered in Early Data from the Magellanic Satellites Survey". The Astrophysical Journal 833 (1): L5. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L5. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...833L...5D. 
  16. ↑ Grillmair, C.J. (2009). "Four New Stellar Debris Streams in the Galactic Halo". The Astrophysical Journal 693 (2): 1118–1127. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1118. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...693.1118G. 
  17. ↑ Carlin, Jeffrey L. et al. (September 2009). "Kinematics and Metallicities in the Boötes III Stellar Overdensity: a Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 702 (1): L9–L13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/L9. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...702L...9C. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Martínez-Vázquez, C. E.; Vivas, A. K.; Gurevich, M.; Walker, A. R.; McCarthy, M.; Pace, A. B.; Stringer, K. M.; Santiago, B. et al. (2019). "Search for RR Lyrae stars in DES ultra-faint systems: Grus I, Kim 2, Phoenix II, and Grus II". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490 (2): 2183. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2609. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.490.2183M. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 Walker, Matthew G.; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.; Koposov, Sergey; Belokurov, Vasily; Jethwa, Prashin; Nidever, David L.; Bonnivard, Vincent et al. (2016). "Magellan/M2FS Spectroscopy of Tucana 2 and Grus 1". The Astrophysical Journal 819 (1): 53. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/53. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...819...53W. 
  20. ↑ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Cerny, W. et al. (2021). "Eridanus IV: An Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Candidate Discovered in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 920 (2): L44. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac2d9a. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...920L..44C. 
  22. ↑ Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Côté, Patrick; Santana, Felipe A.; Geha, Marla; Simon, Joshua D.; Oyarzún, Grecco A.; Stetson, Peter B.; Djorgovski, S. G. (2018). "A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. III. Photometric and Structural Parameters". The Astrophysical Journal 860 (1): 66. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac16b. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...860...66M. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Koposov, Sergey E.; Casey, Andrew R.; Belokurov, Vasily; Lewis, James R.; Gilmore, Gerard; Worley, Clare; Hourihane, Anna; Randich, S. et al. (2015). "Kinematics and Chemistry of Recently Discovered Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1 Dwarf Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 811 (1): 62. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/62. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...811...62K. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Boyer, Martha L; Skillman, Evan D; Van Loon, Jacco Th; Gehrz, Robert D; Woodward, Charles E (2009). "Aspitzerstudy of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. Iii. Dust Production and Gas Return in Local Group Dwarf Irregular Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 697 (2): 1993–2014. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1993. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...697.1993B. 
  25. ↑ Watkins, L. L. et al. (2009), "Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 398 (4): 1757–70, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15242.x, Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.398.1757W. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Cerny, W. et al. (2023). "Pegasus IV: Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Constellation Pegasus". The Astrophysical Journal 942 (2): 111. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca1c3. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...942..111C. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DrlicaWagner2015
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.; Irwin, M.; Collins, M.; Spencer, M.; Ibata, R.; Mateo, M. et al. (2016). "At the survey limits: Discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 463 (1): 712–722. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2051. Bibcode: 2016MNRAS.463..712T. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Koposov, Sergey E.; Belokurov, Vasily; Torrealba, Gabriel; Evans, N. Wyn (2015). "Beasts of the Southern Wild: Discovery of Nine Ultra Faint Satellites in the Vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds". The Astrophysical Journal 805 (2): 130. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/130. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...805..130K. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Ji, Alexander P.; Koposov, Sergey E.; Li, Ting S.; Erkal, Denis; Pace, Andrew B.; Simon, Joshua D.; Belokurov, Vasily; Cullinane, Lara R. et al. (2021). "Kinematics of Antlia 2 and Crater 2 from the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S 5)". The Astrophysical Journal 921 (1): 32. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1869. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...921...32J. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Sand, David J.; Olszewski, Edward W.; Willman, Beth (2009). "The Star Formation History and Extended Structure of the Hercules Milky Way Satellite". The Astrophysical Journal 704 (2): 898–914. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/898. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...704..898S. 
  33. ↑ Oakes, Elias K.; Hoyt, Taylor J.; Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Tran, Quang H.; Cerny, William; Beaton, Rachael L.; Seibert, Mark (2022). "Distances to Local Group Galaxies via Population II, Stellar Distance Indicators. II. The Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal". The Astrophysical Journal 929 (2): 116. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac5b07. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...929..116O. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Vivas, A. Katherina; Olsen, Knut; Blum, Robert; Nidever, David L.; Walker, Alistair R.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Besla, Gurtina; Gallart, Carme et al. (2016). "Variable Stars in the Field of the Hydra II Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy". The Astronomical Journal 151 (5): 118. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/118. Bibcode: 2016AJ....151..118V. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Sand, David J. et al. (2010). "A Deeper Look at Leo IV: Star Formation History and Extended Structure". The Astrophysical Journal 718 (1): 530–42. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/530. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...718..530S. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 de Jong, J. T. A.; Martin, N. F.; Rix, H. W.; Smith, K. W.; Jin, S.; Macciò, A. V. (2010). "The Enigmatic Pair of Dwarf Galaxies Leo Iv and Leo V: Coincidence or Common Origin?". The Astrophysical Journal 710 (2): 1664–1671. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1664. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...710.1664D. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Sand, David J; Strader, Jay; Willman, Beth; Zaritsky, Dennis; McLeod, Brian; Caldwell, Nelson; Seth, Anil; Olszewski, Edward (2012). "Tidal Signatures in the Faintest Milky Way Satellites: The Detailed Properties of Leo V, Pisces II, and Canes Venatici II". The Astrophysical Journal 756 (1): 79. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/79. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...756...79S. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Richstein, Hannah; Patel, Ekta; Kallivayalil, Nitya; Simon, Joshua D.; Zivick, Paul; Tollerud, Erik; Fritz, Tobias; Warfield, Jack T. et al. (2022). "Structural Parameters and Possible Association of the Ultra-faint Dwarfs Pegasus III and Pisces II from Deep Hubble Space Telescope Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal 933 (2): 217. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7226. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...933..217R. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Sand, David J.; Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Spekkens, Kristine; Willman, Beth; Crnojević, Denija; Forbes, Duncan A.; Hargis, Jonathan et al. (2017). "Deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Observations of Milky Way Satellites Columba I and Triangulum II". The Astronomical Journal 154 (6): 267. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa94d0. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..267C. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Okamoto, Sakurako; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Hayashi, Kohei et al. (2019). "Boötes. IV. A new Milky Way satellite discovered in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and implications for the missing satellite problem". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 71 (5): 94. doi:10.1093/pasj/psz076. Bibcode: 2019PASJ...71...94H. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Kim, Dongwon; Jerjen, Helmut; Geha, Marla; Chiti, Anirudh; Milone, Antonino P.; Da Costa, Gary; MacKey, Dougal; Frebel, Anna et al. (2016). "Portrait of a Dark Horse: A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Ultra-faint Milky Way Satellite Pegasus III". The Astrophysical Journal 833 (1): 16. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/833/1/16. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...833...16K. 
  43. ↑ Martin, N. F.; Coleman, M. G.; De Jong, J. T. A.; Rix, H. W.; Bell, E. F.; Sand, D. J.; Hill, J. M.; Thompson, D. et al. (2008). "A Deep Large Binocular Telescope View of the Canes Venatici I Dwarf Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal 672 (1): L13–L16. doi:10.1086/525559. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...672L..13M. 
  44. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Zucker2006
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Okamoto, Sakurako; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Hayashi, Kohei et al. (2018). "Searches for new Milky Way satellites from the first two years of data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey: Discovery of Cetus III". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 70: S18. doi:10.1093/pasj/psx050. Bibcode: 2018PASJ...70S..18H. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Bechtol, K.; Wang, M. Y.; García-Bellido, J.; Frieman, J.; Marshall, J. L. et al. (2017). "Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II". The Astrophysical Journal 838 (1): 8. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6113. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...838....8L. 
  47. ↑ 47.00 47.01 47.02 47.03 47.04 47.05 47.06 47.07 47.08 47.09 47.10 Higgs, C. R.; McConnachie, A. W.; Annau, N.; Irwin, M.; Battaglia, G.; Côté, P.; Lewis, G. F.; Venn, K. (2021). "Solo dwarfs II: The stellar structure of isolated Local Group dwarf galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503 (1): 176–199. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab002. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.503..176H. 
  48. ↑ 48.00 48.01 48.02 48.03 48.04 48.05 48.06 48.07 48.08 48.09 48.10 48.11 48.12 48.13 48.14 48.15 48.16 48.17 48.18 48.19 48.20 48.21 Skillman, Evan D.; Monelli, Matteo; Weisz, Daniel R.; Hidalgo, Sebastian L.; Aparicio, Antonio; Bernard, Edouard J.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael; Cassisi, Santi et al. (2017). "The ISLAndS Project. II. The Lifetime Star Formation Histories of Six Andromeda DSPHS". The Astrophysical Journal 837 (2): 102. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa60c5. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...837..102S. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
  50. ↑ 50.00 50.01 50.02 50.03 50.04 50.05 50.06 50.07 50.08 50.09 50.10 50.11 50.12 50.13 50.14 50.15 50.16 50.17 50.18 50.19 50.20 Collins, Michelle L. M.; Chapman, Scott C.; Rich, R. Michael; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Irwin, Michael J.; Bate, Nicholas F.; Lewis, Geraint F. et al. (2013). "A Kinematic Study of the Andromeda Dwarf Spheroidal System". The Astrophysical Journal 768 (2): 172. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/172. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..172C. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 51.6 Hodkinson, Ben; Scholtz, Jakub (2019). "Proper motions of the satellites of M31". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488 (3): 3231. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1893. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.488.3231H. 
  52. ↑ 52.00 52.01 52.02 52.03 52.04 52.05 52.06 52.07 52.08 52.09 52.10 52.11 52.12 52.13 52.14 52.15 52.16 52.17 52.18 52.19 52.20 52.21 52.22 52.23 52.24 52.25 Martin, Nicolas F.; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Lewis, Geraint F.; McConnachie, Alan; Babul, Arif; Bate, Nicholas F.; Bernard, Edouard; Chapman, Scott C. et al. (2016). "The PAndAS View of the Andromeda Satellite System. II. Detailed Properties of 23 M31 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 833 (2): 167. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/167. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...833..167M. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Collins, Michelle L. M.; Charles, Emily J. E.; Martínez-Delgado, David; Monelli, Matteo; Karim, Noushin; Donatiello, Giuseppe; Tollerud, Erik J.; Boschin, Walter (2022). "Pegasus V/Andromeda XXXIV–a newly discovered ultrafaint dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of Andromeda". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 515 (1): L72–L77. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slac063. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.515L..72C. 
  54. ↑ 54.00 54.01 54.02 54.03 54.04 54.05 54.06 54.07 54.08 54.09 54.10 54.11 54.12 54.13 54.14 54.15 54.16 54.17 54.18 54.19 54.20 54.21 54.22 54.23 54.24 54.25 54.26 54.27 54.28 54.29 54.30 54.31 54.32 54.33 54.34 54.35 54.36 54.37 54.38 Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 393 (4): 1265. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x. Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.393.1265K. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 Tully, R. Brent (2013). "Cosmicflows-2: The Data". The Astronomical Journal 146 (4): 86. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/86. Bibcode: 2013AJ....146...86T. 
  56. ↑ Yang, S.-C; Sarajedini, A (2012). "HST/WFPC2 Imaging of the Dwarf Satellites And XI and And XIII : HB Morphology and RR Lyraes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 419 (2): 1362. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19792.x. Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.419.1362Y. 
  57. ↑ Navabi, Mahdieh; Saremi, Elham; Javadi, Atefeh; Noori, Majedeh; Van Loon, Jacco Th.; Khosroshahi, Habib G.; McDonald, Iain; Alizadeh, Mina et al. (2021). "The Isaac Newton Telescope Monitoring Survey of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies. IV. The Star Formation History of Andromeda VII Derived from Long-period Variable Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 910 (2): 127. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abdec1. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...910..127N. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 Martin, Nicolas F.; Slater, Colin T.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Morganson, Eric; Rix, Hans-Walter; Bell, Eric F.; Laevens, Benjamin P. M.; Bernard, Edouard J. et al. (2013). "Lacerta I and Cassiopeia III. Two Luminous and Distant Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxies Found in the 3π Pan-STARRS1 Survey". The Astrophysical Journal 772 (1): 15. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/772/1/15. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...772...15M. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 Rhode, Katherine L.; Crnojević, Denija; Sand, David J.; Janowiecki, Steven; Young, Michael D.; Spekkens, Kristine (2017). "Structural and Photometric Properties of the Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxy Lacerta I from Deep Imaging with WIYN pODI". The Astrophysical Journal 836 (1): 137. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/137. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...836..137R. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Martin, Nicolas F.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Slater, Colin T.; Bernard, Edouard J.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Bell, Eric F.; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P. et al. (2013). "Perseus I: A Distant Satellite Dwarf Galaxy of Andromeda". The Astrophysical Journal 779 (1): L10. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/779/1/L10. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...779L..10M. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 61.5 61.6 61.7 Slater, Colin T.; Bell, Eric F.; Martin, Nicolas F.; Tollerud, Erik J.; Ho, Nhung (2015). "A Deep Study of the Dwarf Satellites Andromeda XXVIII and Andromeda XXIX". The Astrophysical Journal 806 (2): 230. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/230. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...806..230S. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see [1]
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 705 (1): 758–765. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/758. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...705..758M. 
  64. ↑ See
  65. ↑ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Spheroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see [2]
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, https://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 Martínez-Delgado, David; Karim, Noushin; Charles, Emily J E.; Boschin, Walter; Monelli, Matteo; Collins, Michelle L M.; Donatiello, Giuseppe; Alfaro, Emilio J. (2022). "Pisces VII: Discovery of a possible satellite of Messier 33 in the DESI legacy imaging surveys". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2797. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.509...16M. 
  68. ↑ Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky et al. (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 387 (1): L45–L49. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.387L..45K. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see [3]
  70. ↑ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 71.4 Hargis, J. R.; Albers, S.; Crnojević, D.; Sand, D. J.; Weisz, D. R.; Carlin, J. L.; Spekkens, K.; Willman, B. et al. (2020). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Antlia B: Star Formation History and a New Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance". The Astrophysical Journal 888 (1): 31. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab58d2. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...888...31H. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Sand, David J.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Jones, Michael G.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi; Chiti, Anirudh; Bennet, Paul et al. (2022). "Tucana B: A Potentially Isolated and Quenched Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy at D ≈ 1.4 MPC". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 935 (1): L17. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac85ee. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...935L..17S. 
  73. ↑ Tikhonov, N. A. (2019-12-01). "Distance to Irregular Galaxy Cas 1 Located near the Milky Way". Astrophysical Bulletin 74 (4): 396–402. doi:10.1134/S1990341319040060. Bibcode: 2019AstBu..74..396T. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AstBu..74..396T. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 Sharina, M. E; Shimansky, V. V; Kniazev, A. Y (2017). "Nuclei of dwarf spheroidal galaxies KKs 3 and ESO 269−66 and their counterparts in our Galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2): 1955. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1605. Bibcode: 2017MNRAS.471.1955S. 
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  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Makarova, Lidia N.; Tully, R. Brent; Anand, Gagandeep S.; Lambert, Trystan S.; Sharina, Margarita E.; Koribalski, Bärbel S.; Kraan-Korteweg, Renée C. (2023). "A Nearby Isolated Dwarf: Star Formation and Structure of ESO 006–001". The Astrophysical Journal 943 (2): 139. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb048. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...943..139M. 
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  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 Buta, Ronald J.; McCall, Marshall L. (September 1999). "see article at". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 124 (1): 33–93. doi:10.1086/313255. 
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  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 87.4 Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Crnojević, Denija; Garling, Christopher T.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Peter, Annika H. G.; Tollerud, Erik; Forbes, Duncan A. et al. (2021). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Two Faint Dwarf Satellites of Nearby LMC Analogs from MADCASH". The Astrophysical Journal 909 (2): 211. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe040. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...909..211C. 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 88.3 88.4 88.5 88.6 88.7 Karachentsev, Igor D.; Tully, R. Brent; Dolphin, Andrew; Sharina, Margarita; Makarova, Lidia; Makarov, Dmitry; Sakai, Shoko; Shaya, Edward J. et al. (2007). "The Hubble Flow around the Centaurus A/M83 Galaxy Complex". The Astronomical Journal 133 (2): 504–517. doi:10.1086/510125. Bibcode: 2007AJ....133..504K. 
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  103. ↑ Egorov, Oleg V.; Lozinskaya, Tatiana A.; Vasiliev, Konstantin I.; Yarovova, Anastasiya D.; Gerasimov, Ivan S.; Kreckel, Kathryn; Moiseev, Alexei V. (2021). "Star formation in the nearby dwarf galaxy DDO 53: Interplay between gas accretion and stellar feedback". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508 (2): 2650–2667. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2710. 
  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 Okamoto, Sakurako; Arimoto, Nobuo; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Irwin, Mike J.; Bernard, Edouard J.; Utsumi, Yousuke (2019). "Stellar Population and Structural Properties of Dwarf Galaxies and Young Stellar Systems in the M81 Group". The Astrophysical Journal 884 (2): 128. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab44a7. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...884..128O. 
  105. ↑ Saviane, Ivo; Jerjen, Helmut (2007). "NGC 5011C: An Overlooked Dwarf Galaxy in the Centaurus A Group". The Astronomical Journal 133 (4): 1756–1762. doi:10.1086/512157. Bibcode: 2007AJ....133.1756S. 
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 106.2 Lee, Myung Gyoon; Jang, In Sung (May 2016). "Dual Stellar Halos in the Standard Elliptical Galaxy M105 and Formation of Massive Early-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 822 (2): 17. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/70. 70. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...822...70L. 
  107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 Crnojević, D.; Grebel, E. K.; Koch, A. (2010). "A close look at the Centaurus a group of galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics 516: A85. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913429. 

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