Astronomy:MASCARA

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MASCARA
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The compact housing of MASCARA at La Silla Observatory

MASCARA (Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA) is an exoplanet experiment by Leiden University. It has two stations, one in each hemisphere, each of which use cameras to make short exposure photographs of most of the visible sky[1] to observe stars to a magnitude of 8.4.[2] The Northern Hemisphere station at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma, started observations in February 2015. The Southern Hemisphere station at La Silla Observatory, Chile, saw first light in July 2017.[3]

MASCARA-1b

Main article: Astronomy:MASCARA-1b

On 17 July 2017, the discovery of MASCARA-1b, a confirmed superjovian exoplanet with a mass 3.7MJ, was reported by the survey team. MASCARA-1b is a hot Jupiter transiting its parent A-type star; its orbit is misaligned with the star's rotation.[4] The planet was found unusually reflective for hot Jupiter with the measured geometric albedo of 0.171+0.066−0.068 and dayside temperature of 3062+66−68 K.[5] Attempts to spectroscopically characterize its composition were failing as in 2022 due to relatively high planetary surface gravity resulting in compact atmosphere.[6]

MASCARA-2b

Main article: Astronomy:KELT-20b

A second planet, MASCARA-2b, also known as KELT-20b, was also announced in 2017. It is a hot Jupiter orbiting an A-type star.[7] The carbon monoxide, steam[8][9] and neutral iron[10] detection in the atmosphere of MASCARA-2b was announced in 2022.

MASCARA-4b

Main article: Astronomy:HD 85628 Ab

A planet MASCARA-4b (also known as HD 85628 Ab) discovery was announced in 2019. It is a hot Jupiter on retrograde and slightly eccentric orbit.[11] The planet is unusually reflective for a hot Jupiter.[12] Hydrogen, sodium, magnesium, calcium and iron emission from planetary atmosphere was detected.[13]

MASCARA-5b

Main article: Astronomy:TOI-1431 b

In 2021, a planet MASCARA-5b (more commonly known as TOI-1431 b), is an Ultra-hot Jupiter. Its dayside temperature is 2,700 K (2,427 °C), making it hotter than 40% of stars in our galaxy.[14] The nightside temperature is 2,600 K (2,300 °C).[15]

List of discovered exoplanets

Star Constellation Right
ascension 		Declination App.
mag. 		Distance (ly) Spectral
type 		Planet Mass
(MJ) 		Radius
(RJ) 		Orbital
period
(d) 		Semimajor
axis
(AU) 		Orbital
eccentricity 		Inclination
(°) 		Discovery
year
MASCARA-1 Equuleus  21h 10m 12.4s +10° 44′ 20″ 8.3 188.7 A8 b 3.7 1.5 2.14878 0.043 0 87 2017
MASCARA-2 Cygnus  19h 38m 38.7s +31° 13′ 09″ 7.58 137 A2V b 3.518 1.83 3.4741085 0.0542 0.0 86.2 2017
MASCARA-3 Ursa Major  10h 47m 38s +71° 39′ 21″ 8.4 96.79 F5 b 5.18 1.272 5.5514926 0.06971 89.16 83.11 2019
MASCARA-4 Carina  09h 50m 19.2s −66° 06′ 50″ 86.7 171.54 A3V b 3.1 1.53 2.82406 0.047 0 88.81 2019
MASCARA-5 Cepheus  21h 04m 49s +55° 35′ 17″ 8 149.6 AmC b 3.14 1.508 2.65022 0.047 0.01 80.4 2021

References

  1. ↑ "Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA – Official Website". Leiden Astronomy MASCARA group. http://mascara1.strw.leidenuniv.nl/. Retrieved 26 July 2017. 
  2. ↑ "Eyes Wide Open for MASCARA in Chile – Exoplanet hunter sees first light at ESO's La Silla Observatory". European Southern Observatory. http://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/. Retrieved 26 July 2017. 
  3. ↑ "Eyes Wide Open for MASCARA in Chile – Exoplanet hunter sees first light at ESO's La Silla Observatory". European Southern Observatory. 19 July 2017. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1722/. Retrieved 26 July 2017. 
  4. ↑ Talens, G. J. J et al. (2017). "MASCARA-1 b. A hot Jupiter transiting a bright mV = 8.3 A-star in a misaligned orbit". Astronomy & Astrophysics 606: A73. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731282. Bibcode: 2017A&A...606A..73T. 
  5. ↑ Hooton, M. J. et al. (2022), "Spi-OPS: Spitzer and CHEOPS confirm the near-polar orbit of MASCARA-1 b and reveal a hint of dayside reflection", Astronomy & Astrophysics 658: A75, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141645, Bibcode: 2022A&A...658A..75H 
  6. ↑ Casasayas-Barris, N. et al. (2022), "Transmission spectroscopy of MASCARA-1b with ESPRESSO: Challenges of overlapping orbital and Doppler tracks", Astronomy & Astrophysics 664: A121, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202143016, Bibcode: 2022A&A...664A.121C 
  7. ↑ Talens, G. J. J et al. (2018). "MASCARA-2 b: A hot Jupiter transiting a mV = 7.6 A-star". Astronomy & Astrophysics A57: 612. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731512. Bibcode: 2018A&A...612A..57T. 
  8. ↑ Fu, Guangwei; Sing, David K.; Lothringer, Joshua D.; Deming, Drake; Ih, Jegug; Kempton, Eliza M. -R.; Malik, Matej; Komacek, Thaddeus D. et al. (2022), "Strong H2O and CO Emission Features in the Spectrum of KELT-20b Driven by Stellar UV Irradiation", The Astrophysical Journal Letters 925 (1): L3, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac4968, Bibcode: 2022ApJ...925L...3F 
  9. ↑ Kasper, David; Bean, Jacob L.; Line, Michael R.; Seifahrt, Andreas; Brady, Madison T.; Lothringer, Joshua; Pino, Lorenzo; Fu, Guangwei et al. (2023), "Unifying High- and Low-resolution Observations to Constrain the Dayside Atmosphere of KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b", The Astronomical Journal 165 (1): 7, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac9f40, Bibcode: 2023AJ....165....7K 
  10. ↑ Yan, F.; Reiners, A.; Pallé, E.; Shulyak, D.; Stangret, M.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Nortmann, L.; Mollière, P. et al. (2022), "Detection of iron emission lines and a temperature inversion on the dayside of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-20b", Astronomy & Astrophysics 659: A7, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142395, Bibcode: 2022A&A...659A...7Y 
  11. ↑ Dorval, P.; Talens, G. J. J.; Otten, G. P. P. L.; Brahm, R.; Jordán, A.; Torres, P.; Vanzi, L.; Zapata, A. et al. (2019), "MASCARA-4 b/BRing-1 b: A retrograde hot Jupiter around a bright A-type star", Astronomy & Astrophysics 635: A60, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935611 
  12. ↑ Ahlers, John P.; Kruse, Ethan; Colón, Knicole D.; Dorval, Patrick; Talens, Geert Jan; Snellen, Ignas; Albrecht, Simon; Otten, Gilles et al. (2019), "Gravity-darkening Analysis of the Misaligned Hot Jupiter MASCARA-4 B", The Astrophysical Journal 888 (2): 63, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab59d0 
  13. ↑ Zhang, Yapeng; Snellen, Ignas A. G.; Wyttenbach, Aurèlien; Nielsen, Louise D.; Lendl, Monika; Casasayas-Barris, Núria; Chaverot, Guillaume; Kesseli, Aurora Y. et al. (2022), "Transmission spectroscopy of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-4 B", Astronomy & Astrophysics 666: A47, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244203 
  14. ↑ "Scientists uncover a 'hellish' planet so hot it could vaporize most metals". CNET. April 27, 2021. https://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-uncover-a-hellish-planet-so-hot-it-could-vaporize-most-metals/. Retrieved April 27, 2021. 
  15. ↑ "'Hellish' new planet discovered". University of Southern Queensland. April 27, 2021. https://www.usq.edu.au/news/2021/04/hellish-new-planet. Retrieved April 27, 2021. 

Papers

  • G.J.J. Talens et al., The Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA: Finding transiting exoplanets around bright (mV < 8) stars, accepted for publication in A&A arXiv:1702.03931



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