Biology:Inositol-3-phosphate synthase

From HandWiki
inositol-3-phosphate synthase
1gr0.jpg
Inositol-3-phosphate synthase homotetramer, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Identifiers
EC number5.5.1.4
CAS number9032-95-5
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase
PDB 1u1i EBI.jpg
myo-inositol phosphate synthase mips from a. fulgidus
Identifiers
SymbolInos-1-P_synth
PfamPF01658
InterProIPR013021
SCOP21gr0 / SCOPe / SUPFAM

In enzymology, an inositol-3-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

D-glucose 6-phosphate [math]\displaystyle{ \rightleftharpoons }[/math] 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, and one product, 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically the class of intramolecular lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate lyase (isomerizing). Other names in common use include myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, D-glucose 6-phosphate cycloaldolase, inositol 1-phosphate synthatase, glucose 6-phosphate cyclase, inositol 1-phosphate synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate inositol monophosphate cycloaldolase, glucocycloaldolase, and 1L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate lyase (isomerizing).

This enzyme participates in streptomycin biosynthesis and inositol phosphate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, NAD+. The reaction this enzyme catalyses represents the first committed step in the production of all inositol-containing compounds, including phospholipids, either directly or by salvage. The enzyme exists in a cytoplasmic form in a wide range of plants, animals, and fungi. It has also been detected in several bacteria and a chloroplast form is observed in alga and higher plants. Inositol phosphates play an important role in signal transduction.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast), the transcriptional regulation of the INO1 gene encoding inositol-3-phosphate synthase has been studied in detail and its expression is sensitive to the availability of phospholipid precursors as well as growth phase.[1] The regulation of the structural gene encoding 1L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase has also been analyzed at the transcriptional level in the aquatic angiosperm, Spirodela polyrrhiza (Giant duckweed) and the halophyte, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Common ice plant).[2]

In prokaryotes, myo-D-inositol phosphate synthase was discovered by Bachhawat and Mande in 1999 (reported in Journal of Molecular Biology). The existence of inositol in prokaryotes is not extensive, but the discovery of this enzyme first in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nucleated activity towards finding its inhibitors.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 12 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1GR0, 1JKF, 1JKI, 1LA2, 1P1F, 1P1H, 1P1I, 1P1J, 1P1K, 1RM0, 1VJP, and 1VKO.

References

  1. "Comparison of INO1 gene sequences and products in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Yeast 10 (6): 789–800. June 1994. doi:10.1002/yea.320100609. PMID 7975896. 
  2. "1L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1348 (1–2): 245–56. September 1997. doi:10.1016/s0005-2760(97)00122-7. PMID 9370339. 

Further reading

Bachhawat N and Mande SC (1999) J. Mol. Biol. Identification of the INO1 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv reveals a novel class of inositol-1-phosphate synthase enzyme. 291, 531–536.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR013021