Biology:MOTS-c

From HandWiki

MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide that in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-RNR1 gene, with the amino acid sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR.[1] It is believed to be involved in regulating metabolism of glucose by skeletal muscle tissue. It is upregulated in response to exercise, and is considered an exercise mimetic, as well as having other potential medical applications.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

MOTS-c binds to casein kinase 2.[9]

Society and culture

A team of researchers led by Changhan Lee, a member of the Pinchas Cohen laboratory at the USC Davis School of Gerontology, discovered MOTS-c in 2015.[10][11] Subsequent research by Lee and colleagues linked administration of MOTS-c to improved physical fitness, decreased obesity, and longer healthy lifespans in mice.[12][13]

MOTS-c is not approved to treat any medical condition and is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, explicitly beginning in 2024.[14] Despite a lack of robust human data, usage as an injectable supplement, including as part of the "peptide stacking" trend, has been reported.[15][16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance". Cell Metabolism 21 (3): 443–454. March 2015. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009. PMID 25738459. 
  2. ↑ "MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism". Free Radical Biology & Medicine 100: 182–187. November 2016. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.015. PMID 27216708. 
  3. ↑ Dieli-Conwright, Christina M.; Sami, Nathalie; Norris, Mary K.; Wan, Junxiang; Kumagai, Hiroshi; Kim, Su-Jeong; Cohen, Pinchas (19 August 2021). "Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on the mitochondrial peptide MOTS-c in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors". Scientific Reports 11 (1): 16916. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96419-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 34413391. Bibcode: 2021NatSR..1116916D. 
  4. ↑ "MOTS-c Functionally Prevents Metabolic Disorders". Metabolites 13 (1): 125. January 2023. doi:10.3390/metabo13010125. PMID 36677050. 
  5. ↑ "Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives". Peptides 172. February 2024. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171147. PMID 38160808. 
  6. ↑ "Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides: Implication in the Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases". Molecular Neurobiology 62 (12): 15871–15884. December 2025. doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05198-5. PMID 40715951. 
  7. ↑ "Exercise-Induced Muscle-Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging". Pharmaceuticals 18 (8): 1222. August 2025. doi:10.3390/ph18081222. PMID 40872612. 
  8. ↑ "Mitochondria‑derived peptides: Promising microproteins in cardiovascular diseases (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31 (5): 1–17. May 2025. doi:10.3892/mmr.2025.13492. PMID 40084698. 
  9. ↑ Kumagai, Hiroshi; Kim, Su-Jeong; Miller, Brendan; Natsume, Toshiharu; Lee, Shin Hyung; Sato, Ayaka; Ramirez, Ricardo; Wan, Junxiang et al. (May 2023). "Casein kinase 2 is a direct binding partner and a functional target of the exercise-mimetic microprotein MOTS-c" (in en). Physiology 38 (S1). doi:10.1152/physiol.2023.38.S1.5725846. ISSN 1548-9213. 
  10. ↑ Wan, Wei; Zhang, Lieliang; Lin, Yue; Rao, Xiuqing; Wang, Xifeng; Hua, Fuzhou; Ying, Jun (2023). "Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging" (in en). Journal of Translational Medicine 21 (1): 36. doi:10.1186/s12967-023-03885-2. PMID 36670507. 
  11. ↑ Lee, Changhan; Zeng, Jennifer; Drew, Brian G.; Sallam, Tamer; Martin-Montalvo, Alejandro; Wan, Junxiang; Kim, Su-Jeong; Mehta, Hemal et al. (3 March 2015). "The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis and Reduces Obesity and Insulin Resistance". Cell Metabolism 21 (3). doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009. https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(15)00061-3. Retrieved 2 March 2026. 
  12. ↑ St. Fleur, Nicholas; Williams, Chloe; Wood, Charlie (27 April 2021). "Can We Live to 200?". The New York Times Magazine. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/04/27/magazine/longevity-timeline.html. 
  13. ↑ Reynolds, Joseph; Lai, Rochelle; Woodhead, Jonathan; Joly, James; Mitchell, Cameron; Cameron-Smith, David; Lu, Ryan; Cohen, Pinchas et al. (20 January 2021). "MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis". Nature Communications 12 (470). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0. PMC 7817689. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20790-0. Retrieved 19 March 2026. 
  14. ↑ "Explanation of Key Changes on the 2024 WADA Prohibited List". 13 October 2023. https://www.usada.org/athlete-advisory/key-changes-2024-prohibited-list/#:~:text=Another%20important%20example%20added%20to,not%20approved%20for%20human%20therapeutic. 
  15. ↑ Stoddart, Emma-Jade (3 March 2026). "Is Peptide Stacking the Cure-All for Bouncier Skin?". Harpers Bazaar. https://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/skin-care/a70629344/peptide-stacking/. 
  16. ↑ Olcott, Eleanor; Peel, Michael (19 March 2026). "Longevity and ‘wellness’ craze breaks untested drugs out of the lab". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/0f682ce3-b0e7-46bc-8d1a-e288f24ad8de. 



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