Biology:Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase

protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase
Identifiers
EC number	2.3.2.13
CAS number	80146-85-6
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / QuickGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

In enzymology, a protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

protein glutamine + alkylamine [math]\displaystyle{ \rightleftharpoons }[/math] protein N₅-alkylglutamine + NH₃

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein glutamine and alkylamine, whereas its two products are protein N(5)-alkylglutamine and NH₃.

This enzyme participates in complement and coagulation cascades and Huntington's disease. It employs one cofactor, calcium.

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the aminoacyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase. Other names in common use include:

• factor XIIIa,
• fibrin stabilizing factor,
• fibrinoligase,
• glutaminylpeptide gamma-glutamyltransferase,
• polyamine transglutaminase,
• R-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutamyl transferase
• tissue transglutaminase, and
• transglutaminase.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 19 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1EVU, 1EX0, 1F13, 1FIE, 1G0D, 1GGT, 1GGU, 1GGY, 1IU4, 1KV3, 1L9M, 1L9N, 1NUD, 1NUF, 1NUG, 1QRK, 1RLE, 1SGX, and 1VJJ.

References

* "Molecular and catalytic properties of transglutaminases". Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol.. Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology 38: 109–91. 1973. doi:10.1002/9780470122839.ch3. ISBN 978-0-470-12283-9. PMID 4151471. 

• "Mechanism of action of guinea pig liver transglutaminase. I Purification and properties of the enzyme: identification of a functional cysteine essential for activity". J. Biol. Chem. 241 (23): 5518–25. 1966. PMID 5928192. 
• "The epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine crosslink and the catalytic role of transglutaminases". Adv. Protein. Chem.. Advances in Protein Chemistry 31: 1–133. 1977. doi:10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60217-X. ISBN 978-0-12-034231-0. PMID 73346. 
• "Primary structure of blood coagulation factor XIIIa (fibrinoligase, transglutaminase) from human placenta". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (21): 8019–23. 1986. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.21.8019. PMID 2877456.