Biology:Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans
| Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans | |
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| Species: | S. thermosulfidooxidans
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| Binomial name | |
| Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Golovacheva and Karavaiko 1991[1]
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Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans is a species of bacteria of the genus Sulfobacillus. It is an acidophilic, mixotrophic, moderately thermophilic, Gram-positive, sporulating facultative anaerobe. As its name suggests, it is capable of oxidizing sulfur.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy
S. thermosulfidooxidans, as well as the genus Sulfobacillus, were first described in 1978 based on isolates from Kazakhstan.[5][1] S. thermosulfidooxidans is the type species of the genus.[1] The genus is of uncertain taxonomic position,[3][1] likely related to the genus Thermaerobacter and possibly representing either a deep branch of the Bacillota or a separate phylum.[3][6]
Distribution and ecology
S. thermosulfidooxidans is widely distributed in both natural and artificial acidic environments, including hot springs and acid mine drainage. Strains have been isolated from a variety of locations including China ,[7] Chile ,[4] Kazakhstan,[5] California ,[2] and Zambia.[7] Compared to other bacteria often found in similar environments, Sulfobacillus species are typically present at relatively low abundance.[2][7]
Growth and metabolism
S. thermosulfidooxidans is acidophilic and moderately thermophilic; while different strains have slightly different pH and temperature growth optima, all prefer environments around pH 2.0 with optimal growth temperatures ranging from 45C to 55C.[5][8][3][4] S. thermosulfidooxidans is iron- and sulfur-oxidizing, capable of oxidation of elemental sulfur, tetrathionate, and sulfides.[2]
Genome
The genomes of several S. thermosulfidooxidans strains have been sequenced, demonstrating a genome size of 3.2-3.9 megabases, with a GC content of 48-49%[4][2][3][7] and a number of bioinformatically defined protein-coding genes ranging from a low of about 3200[3] to a high of about 3900.[2] All of the sequenced genomes contain large numbers of genes associated with sulfur oxidation; for example, genes encoding sulfur oxygenase reductase (SOR) and heterodisulfide reductase-like enzymes.[2][3][7] The genetic basis of the species' iron oxidation capacity is less clear but likely involves a sulfocyanin protein.[2][3][7] The genome also contains large numbers of transport proteins, including those specialized for metal ion efflux, and several CRISPR/Cas systems.[3] There is evidence of horizontal gene transfer as a significant contributor to S. thermosulfidooxidans evolution, including an unexpected relationship between a SOR gene and similar genes found only in archaea.[2][3][7]
References
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Genus Sulfobacillus". https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/sulfobacillus. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Justice, Nicholas B; Norman, Anders; Brown, Christopher T; Singh, Andrea; Thomas, Brian C; Banfield, Jillian F (2014). "Comparison of environmental and isolate Sulfobacillus genomes reveals diverse carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen metabolisms". BMC Genomics 15 (1): 1107. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1107. PMID 25511286.
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Guo, Xue; Yin, Huaqun; Liang, Yili; Hu, Qi; Zhou, Xishu; Xiao, Yunhua; Ma, Liyuan; Zhang, Xian et al. (18 June 2014). "Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Metabolic Versatility and Environmental Adaptations of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Strain ST". PLOS ONE 9 (6): e99417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099417. PMID 24940621.
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Travisany, D.; Di Genova, A.; Sepulveda, A.; Bobadilla-Fazzini, R. A.; Parada, P.; Maass, A. (26 October 2012). "Draft Genome Sequence of the Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Cutipay Strain, an Indigenous Bacterium Isolated from a Naturally Extreme Mining Environment in Northern Chile". Journal of Bacteriology 194 (22): 6327–6328. doi:10.1128/JB.01622-12. PMID 23105067.
- ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 5.2 Golovacheva, RS; Karavaĭko, GI (1978). "[Sulfobacillus, a new genus of thermophilic sporulating bacteria].". Mikrobiologiia 47 (5): 815–22. PMID 101742.
- ↑ Ludwig, Wolfgang; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Whitman, William B. (2001). "Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes". in Vos, Paul; Garrity, George; Jones, Dorothy et al.. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 3: The Firmicutes (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9.
- ↑ Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Zhang, Xian; Liu, Xueduan; Liang, Yili; Guo, Xue; Xiao, Yunhua; Ma, Liyuan; Miao, Bo; Liu, Hongwei et al. (1 April 2017). "Adaptive Evolution of Extreme Acidophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Potentially Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Loss". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83 (7). doi:10.1128/AEM.03098-16. PMID 28115381.
- ↑ Bogdanova, T. I. (1 May 2006). "Sulfobacillus thermotolerans sp. nov., a thermotolerant, chemolithotrophic bacterium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56 (5): 1039–1042. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64106-0. PMID 16627651.
Wikidata ☰ Q26294142 entry
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