Biology:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera

From HandWiki
Short description: Classification of moths and butterflies
Micropterix aureatella, a micropterigid moth

The insect order Lepidoptera consists of moths (43 superfamilies), most of which are night-flying, and a derived group, mainly day-flying, called butterflies (superfamily Papilionoidea). Within Lepidoptera as a whole, the groups listed below before Glossata contain a few basal families accounting for less than 200 species; the bulk of Lepidoptera are in the Glossata. Similarly, within the Glossata, there are a few basal groups listed first, with the bulk of species in the Heteroneura. Basal groups within Heteroneura cannot be defined with as much confidence, as there are still some disputes concerning the proper relations among these groups. At the family level, however, most groups are well defined, and the families are commonly used by hobbyists and scientists alike.

Unassigned fossil lepidopterans

Suborder Zeugloptera

Suborder Aglossata

Suborder Heterobathmiina

Suborder Glossata

Infraorder Dacnonypha

Dyseriocrania subpurpurella, an eriocranid moth

Clade Coelolepida, encompassing all remaining groups

Infraorder Acanthoctesia

Infraorder Lophocoronina

Clade Myoglossata, encompassing all remaining groups

Infraorder Neopseustina

Clade Neolepidoptera, encompassing all remaining groups

Infraorder Exoporia

Oncopera brunneata, a hepalialid moth

Infraorder Heteroneura

Clade Nepticulina

Clade Eulepidoptera, encompassing all remaining groups

Clade Incurvariina
Clade Etimonotrysia
Clade Ditrysia, encompassing all remaining groups
Clade Apoditrysia, encompassing all remaining groups
Clade Obtectomera, encompassing all remaining groups
Clade Macroheterocera (Macrolepidoptera sensu sticto), encompassing all remaining groups
Catocala nupta, red underwing, a noctuid moth
Drymonia ruficornis, a notodontid moth

References

  1. ↑ Kristensen, Niels P.; Hilton, Douglas J.; Kallies, Axel; Milla, Liz; Rota, Jadranka; Wahlberg, Niklas; Wilcox, Stephen A.; Glatz, Richard v. et al. (2015). "A new extant family of primitive moths from Kangaroo Island, Australia, and its significance for understanding early Lepidoptera evolution". Systematic Entomology 40 (1): 5–16. doi:10.1111/syen.12115. 
  2. ↑ Kaila, Lauri; Nupponen, Kari; Gorbunov, Pavel Yu; Mutanen, Marko; Heikkilä, Maria (2020-05-22). "Ustyurtiidae, a new family of Urodoidea with description of a new genus and two species from Kazakhstan, and discussion on possible affinity of Urodoidea to Schreckensteinioidea (Lepidoptera)" (in en). Insect Systematics & Evolution 51 (3): 444–471. doi:10.1163/1876312X-00002209. ISSN 1876-312X. https://brill.com/view/journals/ise/51/3/article-p444_444.xml. 
  3. ↑ Rajaei, Hossein; Greve, Carola; Letsch, Harald; Stüning, Dieter; Wahlberg, Niklas; Minet, Joël; Misof, Bernhard (2015). "Advances in Geometroidea phylogeny, with characterization of a new family based on Pseudobiston pinratanai (Lepidoptera, Glossata)". Zoologica Scripta 44 (4): 418–436. doi:10.1111/zsc.12108. 
  • Capinera, John L. (Editor). (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology, (2nd Ed). Springer Reference. ISBN:1-4020-6242-7, ISBN:978-1-4020-6242-1. Limited preview in Google Books.
  • van Nieukerken, Erik J.; Lauri Kaila; Ian J. Kitching; Niels P. Kristensen; David C. Lees; Joël Minet; Charles Mitter; Marko Mutanen et al. (23 December 2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang. ed. "Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758". Zootaxa. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness 3148: 212–221. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p221.pdf. .
  • Scoble, M.J. (1995) The Lepidoptera: form, function and diversity. The Oxford University Press, Oxford UK. ISBN:0-19-854952-0. Ltd preview in Google Books.



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