Chemistry:Hydrazinium chloride
| File:Hydrazinium Chloride Structural Formula V.1.svg | |
| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Diazanium chloride
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| Other names | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| [NH 2NH 3]Cl | |
| Molar mass | 68.50 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless hygroscopic crystalline solid[2][3] |
| Density | 1.5 g/cm3[4] |
| Melting point | 89 °C (192 °F; 362 K)[2][5] |
| Soluble[3]; 370 g/l at 20 °C (68 °F)[2] | |
| Structure | |
| Orthorhombic | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause cancer[1], damage to the liver and kidneys[2] |
| GHS pictograms |     
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| GHS Signal word | Danger |
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| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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| Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Other cations
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Related compounds
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Hydrazinium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula [NH
2NH
3]Cl or [N
2H
5]Cl. It is a colorless hygroscopic crystalline solid. It is the hydrazine salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of hydrazinium cations [H
2N–NH
3]+
and chloride anions Cl−
. It decomposes at 240 °C (464 °F), producing hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides.[2][failed verification]
Synthesis
Hydrazinium chloride can be synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine and hydrogen chloride.[6]
- H
2N–NH
2 + HCl → [H
2N–NH
3]+
Cl−
Structure
Hydrazinium chloride has an orthorhombic crystal structure (a = 1249 pm, b = 2185 pm, c = 441 pm) with the space group Fdd2. The crystal of hydrazinium chloride obtained from an alcoholic solution are very fine needles parallel to the c axis.[4][7]
Hydrazinium chloride passes through several phase transitions at elevated pressures. The structure of phase I at room temperature and 1.8 GPa is confirmed to be space group C2/c. A structural transition from phase I to phase II is observed at 7.3 GPa. Pressure-induced position variation of hydrogen atoms in –NH+
3 units during the phase transition is attributed to the formation of N―H···Cl hydrogen bonds. Finally, a further transition from phase II to phase III accompanied with a slight distortion in the hydrazinium ions occurs above 19.8 GPa. Phase III exists up to at least 39.5 GPa.[8]
Uses
Hydrazinium chloride is commonly used as a reagent in the synthesis of pyrazoles. It is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of titanium oxide polymers via catalytic sol-gel process, and in preparation of amorphous titanium dioxide thin films with high refractive indices and high transparency.[9]
Hydrazinium chloride is often used as a reducing agent in various chemical reactions and has uses in the preparation of other hydrazine derivatives. It is also used in the preparation of certain pharmaceuticals and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.[10]
Hydrazinium chloride can be used to synthesize energetic materials containing hydrazinium cation.[11][12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 PubChem. "Hydrazinium chloride". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2644-70-4.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank. "Hydrazine hydrochloride". https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=003060&lang=en.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 TCI. "Hydrazine Monohydrochloride". https://www.tcichemicals.com/GB/en/p/H0174.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Perry, Dale L. (19 April 2016). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=SFD30BvPBhoC&pg=PA199.
- ↑ Sigma-Aldrich. "Hydrazine monohydrochloride". https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/GB/en/sds/aldrich/216194.
- ↑ Bjerrum, Niels; Ebert, Ludwig (12 March 2013). Kurzes Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-91147-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=1uqnBgAAQBAJ&dq=Hydraziniumchlorid&pg=PA153.
- ↑ Sakurai, K.; Tomiie, Y. (1952). "The crystal structure of hydrazinium chloride, N2H5Cl". Acta Crystallographica 5 (2): 293–294. doi:10.1107/S0365110X5200085X. Bibcode: 1952AcCry...5..293S. https://journals.iucr.org/paper?buy=yes&cnor=a00621&showscheme=yes&sing=yes.
- ↑ Jiang, Shuqing; Duan, Defang; Li, Fangfei; Huang, Xiaoli; Yang, Xue; Li, Wenbo; Huang, Yanping; Bao, Kuo et al. (2015). "The hydrogen-bond effect on the high pressure behavior of hydrazinium monochloride". Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 46 (2): 266–272. doi:10.1002/jrs.4623. Bibcode: 2015JRSp...46..266J. https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jrs.4623.
- ↑ Sigma-Aldrich. "Hydrazine monohydrochloride". https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/GB/en/product/aldrich/216194.
- ↑ Cymit Quimica. "CAS 2644-70-4: Hydrazinium chloride". https://cymitquimica.com/cas/2644-70-4/.
- ↑ Zhang, Yanqiang; Parrish, Damon A.; Shreeve, Jean'ne M. (2012). "4-Nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazole-Based Energetic Salts". Chemistry – A European Journal 18 (3): 987–994. doi:10.1002/chem.201102773. PMID 22170699. https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201102773.
- ↑ Li, Hui; Zhao, Feng-Qi; Gao, Hong-Xu; Tong, Jun-Feng; Wang, Bo-Zhou; Zhai, Lian-Jie; Huo, Huan (2014). "Three energetic salts based on oxy-bridged bis(gem-dinitro) furazan: Syntheses, structures and thermal behaviors". Inorganica Chimica Acta 423: 256–262. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2014.08.019. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020169314005192.
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