Chemistry:Silicate carbonate

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The silicate carbonates are double salts that contain both silicate and carbonate in their formula. Most compounds are natural minerals containing calcium or rare earth elements. However, some have been made experimentally. Silicate carbonate minerals can be formed in limestone metamorphosed by heating from igneous intrusions.[1] Scawtite forms where the activity of calcium is high compared to H+. Spurrite forms in a limited range of calcium activity and high silica activity.[2] In magma, a carbonate rich melt is imiscible with a silicate melt.[3]

Structures

Silicate carbonates contain carbonate triangles, and silicate tetrahedrons, SiO4. Tillyite contains disilicate Si2O7 units.[1]

Properties

List

Thaumasite prisms
formula name structure density comment ref
Ca4Si2O6(OH)2(CO3) fukalite [4]
Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) spurrite [5]
Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 tilleyite monoclinic  =7.582 Å, b=10.265 Å, c =15.030 Å β=103.99° [1]
Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 post-Tilleyite [1]
Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7Cl0.5(OH)0.08 (H2O)0.42 deferenite [6]
Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3) galuskinite [1]
Ca7(Si6O18)(CO3)·2H2O scawtite [1]
Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)•12H2O thaumasite Hexagonal a = 11.03, c = 10.4 [7]
Na7Ca[Al6Si6O24](CO3)1.5•2H2O cancrinite hexagonal a = 12.67 c = 5.15 [8]
(Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3) meionite tetragonal I4/m a = 12.179, c = 7.571, Z = 2 [9]
(Ca,Na)4Al6Si6O24(SO4,CO3) silvialite
scapolite [10]
K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) P6322 a = 5.0479 c = 17.8668 artificial [6]
KNa4Ca4[Si8O18](CO3)4F·H2O carletonite [6]
Y2(SiO4)(CO3) iimoriite-(Y) triclinic P1_ a=6.549 b=6.629 c=6.4395 α=116.36° β=92.56° γ=195.507° [11]
Ca2Y2[SiO3]4(CO3)·H2O kainosite [6]
Ca4Y4[Si2O5]4(CO3)6·7H2O caysichite [6]
K5Na5Y12[Si2O5]14(CO3)8(OH)2·8H2O ashcroftine [6]
Na2Ba2FeTi[Si2O7](CO3) (OH)3F bussenite [6]
Ba6Fe3[Si8O23](CO3)2Cl3·H2O fencooperite [6]
La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7) alexkuznetsovite-(La) P21/c Z = 4 a = 6.5642 b = 6.7689 c = 18.721 Å, β = 108.684° V = 788.00 Å3 [12]
La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7) biraite-(La) P21/c Z = 4 a = 6.566 b = 6.767 c = 18.698 Å, β = 108.95° V = 785.7 Å3 [12]
Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7) alexkuznetsovite-(Ce) P21/c Z = 4 a = 6.5764 b = 6.7685 c = 18.749 Å, β = 108.672° V =790.7 Å3 [12]
Ce2Fe2+[Si2O7](CO3) biraite monoclinic P21/c, a 6.505 b 6.744 c 18.561 β=108.75° [6][13]
Na2Ce2TiO2[SiO4](CO3)2 tundrite [6]
(Y1.44Er0.56)[SiO4](CO3) iimorite [6]
Pb19.4Na1.9[Si10O25](CO3)9(OH)12.7 artificial [14]
Cu4Pb4[SiO3](HCO3)4)OH)4Cl ashburtonite [6]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Peña-Alvarez, Miriam; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; Marqueño, Tomas; Zimmer, Dominik; Gutiérrez-Cano, Vanessa; MacLeod, Simon et al. (27 May 2019). "Post-tilleyite, a dense calcium silicate-carbonate phase" (in en). Scientific Reports 9 (1): 7898. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44326-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 31133679. Bibcode: 2019NatSR...9.7898S. 
  2. ↑ Radha, A. V.; Navrotsky, A. (1 January 2013). "Thermodynamics of Carbonates". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 77 (1): 73–121. doi:10.2138/rmg.2013.77.3. Bibcode: 2013RvMG...77...73R. 
  3. ↑ Berndt, Jasper; Klemme, Stephan (24 May 2022). "Origin of carbonatites—liquid immiscibility caught in the act". Nature Communications 13 (1). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30500-7. 
  4. ↑ Zhang, Yin-Qing; Radha, A.V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra (August 2013). "Thermochemistry of two calcium silicate carbonate minerals: scawtite, Ca7(Si6O18)(CO3)·2H2O, and spurrite, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3)" (in en). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 115: 92–99. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.031. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703713001877. 
  5. ↑ Santamaria-Perez, David; Ruiz-Fuertes, Javier; Marqueño, Tomas; Pellicer-Porres, Julio; Chulia-Jordan, Raquel; MacLeod, Simon; Popescu, Catalin (11 December 2017). "Structural Behavior of Natural Silicate–Carbonate Spurrite Mineral, Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3), under High-Pressure, High-Temperature Conditions". Inorganic Chemistry 57 (1): 98–105. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02101. PMID 29227639. 
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 Belokoneva, Elena L.; Stefanovich, Sergey Yu.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V. (October 2016). "A new nonlinear optical silicate carbonate K2Ca[Si2O5(CO3) with a hybrid structure of kalsilite and soda-like layered fragments"] (in en). Solid State Sciences 60: 23–27. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.08.003. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1293255816305234. 
  7. ↑ "Thaumasite Mineral Data". http://www.webmineral.com/data/Thaumasite.shtml. 
  8. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://www.mindat.org/min-880.html. 
  9. ↑ "Meionite". https://www.mindat.org/min-2627.html. 
  10. ↑ "Scapolite: A metamorphic mineral and interesting gem". https://geology.com/minerals/scapolite.shtml. 
  11. ↑ "The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y 2 (SiO 4)(CO 3)". The Canadian Mineralogist 34 (4): 817–820. https://rruff-2.geo.arizona.edu/uploads/CM34_817.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Škoda, Radek; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Britvin, Sergey N. et al. (October 2021). "The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part IV. Alexkuznetsovite-(La), La 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), alexkuznetsovite-(Ce), Ce 2 Mn(CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ) and biraite-(La), La 2 Fe 2+ (CO 3 )(Si 2 O 7 ), three new isostructural minerals and a definition of the biraite group" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 85 (5): 772–783. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.64. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..772K. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X21000645/type/journal_article. 
  13. ↑ Konev, Alexey; Pasero, Marco; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry; Merlino, Stefano; Kashaev, Anvar; Suvorova, Ludmila; Ushchapovskaya, Zinaida; Nartova, Nadezda et al. (2005-10-18). "Biraite-(Ce), Ce2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7), a new mineral from Siberia with a novel structure type" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 17 (5): 715–721. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0715. ISSN 0935-1221. http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/ejm/detail/17/56797/Biraite_Ce_Ce2Fe2_CO3_Si2O7_a_new_mineral_from_Sib?af=crossref. 
  14. ↑ Belokoneva, E. L.; Eremina, T. A.; Dimitrova, O. V.; Volkov, A. S. (January 2021). "New Lead Silicates: Structures and Topology and Symmetry Analysis" (in en). Crystallography Reports 66 (1): 95–104. doi:10.1134/S1063774521010028. ISSN 1063-7745. Bibcode: 2021CryRp..66...95B. https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S1063774521010028. 


Carbonates
H2CO3 He
Li2CO3,
LiHCO3 		BeCO3 B C (NH4)2CO3,
NH4HCO3 		O F Ne
Na2CO3,
NaHCO3,
Na3H(CO3)2 		MgCO3,
Mg(HCO3)2 		Al2(CO3)3 Si P S Cl Ar
K2CO3,
KHCO3 		CaCO3,
Ca(HCO3)2 		Sc Ti V Cr MnCO3 FeCO3 CoCO3 NiCO3 CuCO3 ZnCO3 Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb2CO3 SrCO3 Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag2CO3 CdCO3 In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs2CO3,
CsHCO3 		BaCO3   Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl2CO3 PbCO3 (BiO)2CO3 Po At Rn
Fr Ra   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La2(CO3)3 Ce2(CO3)3 Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac Th Pa UO2CO3 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr



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