Company:LG Electronics

From HandWiki
LG Electronics Inc.
TypePublic
  • Short description: Securities exchange operator in South Korea
Korea Exchange
한국거래소
TypeStock exchange
LocationBusan & Seoul, South Korea
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] 35°08′12″N 129°03′53″E / 35.136721°N 129.064746°E / 35.136721; 129.064746 (Busan)
Founded1956; 70 years ago (1956)
Key peopleSohn Byung-doo
(Chairman & CEO)
CurrencySouth Korean won
No. of listings2,445 (as of May 2021)[1]
Market cap₩2,604 trillion KRW ($2.3 trillion USD)[2]
IndicesKOSPI
KOSDAQ
KRX 100
Websitewww.krx.co.kr
eng.krx.co.kr
LG Electronics
Hangul
한국거래소
Hanja
韓國去來所
Revised RomanizationHanguk Georaeso
McCune–ReischauerHanguk Kŏraeso

Korea Exchange (KRX, 한국거래소) is the sole securities exchange operator in South Korea . It is headquartered in Busan, and has an office for cash markets and market oversight in Seoul.

History

The Korea Exchange was created through the integration of Korea Stock Exchange (KSE), Korea Futures Exchange and KOSDAQ Stock Market under the Korea Stock & Futures Exchange Act. The securities and derivatives markets of former exchanges are now business divisions of Korea Exchange: the Stock Market Division, KOSDAQ Market Division and Derivatives Market Division. As of Dec 2020, Korea Exchange had 2,409 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of ₩2.3 quadrillion KRW (US$2.1 trillion). The exchange has normal trading sessions from 09:00 am to 03:30 pm on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.[3]

On 22 May 2015, the Korea Exchange joined the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative in an event with the UN-SG Ban Ki-moon in attendance, as well as senior officials from UN Global Compact and UNCTAD.[4]

Traded Instruments

KOSPI Market Division
  • Stocks
  • Bonds
  • Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
  • Exchange-Linked Warrants (ELWs)
  • Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
KOSDAQ Market Division
  • Stocks
Derivatives Market Division
  • Index Instruments: KOSPI 200 Index Futures, KOSTAR Futures, KOSPI 200 Index Options
  • Single Stock Futures
  • Equity Options
  • Interest Rate Instruments: 3-Year KTB (Korea Treasury Bond) Futures, 5-Year KTB Futures, 10-Year KTB Futures
  • Foreign Exchange Instruments: USD Futures, JPY Futures, EUR Futures, USD Options
  • Commodity Instruments: Gold Futures, Mini-gold Futures, Lean Hog Futures

See also

References

  1. ↑ ""Global KRX About KRX KRX Overview History"". http://global.krx.co.kr/main/main.jsp. 
  2. ↑ ""시가총액"". http://www.krx.co.kr/main/main.jsp. 
  3. ↑ Market Hours, Korea Exchange via Wikinvest
  4. ↑ "UN Secretary-General Joins Business Leaders in Seoul, Calls for Urgent Action on Poverty, Climate Change and Conflict". UN Global Compact. https://www.unglobalcompact.org/news/1881-05-19-2015. 




  • Short description: Stock exchange in the City of London
London Stock Exchange
Arms
Arms
TypeStock exchange
LocationCity of London, England, United Kingdom
Founded30 December 1801; 224 years ago (1801-12-30)
OwnerLondon Stock Exchange Group
Key people
CurrencySterling (most primary listings; stock prices are quoted in pence rather than pounds)
No. of listings1,918 issuers [1]
Market capUSD$3.18 trillion (as of August 2023)[2]
Indices
  • FTSE 100 Index
  • FTSE 250 Index
  • FTSE 350 Index
  • FTSE SmallCap Index
  • FTSE All-Share Index
Website{{{1}}}

London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a stock exchange in the City of London, England , United Kingdom. As of August 2023, the total market value of all companies trading on the LSE stood at $3.18 trillion.[3] Its current premises are situated in Paternoster Square close to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. Since 2007, it has been part of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG (LSE: [Script error: No such module "Stock tickers/LSE". LSEG])).[4] The LSE is the most-valued stock exchange in Europe as of 2023.[5] According to the 2020 Office for National Statistics report, approximately 12% of UK-resident individuals reported having investments in stocks and shares.[6] According to the 2020 Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) report, approximately 15% of UK adults reported having investments in stocks and shares.[7]

History

Coffee House

The Royal Exchange had been founded by English financier Thomas Gresham and Sir Richard Clough on the model of the Antwerp Bourse. It was opened by Elizabeth I of England in 1571.[8][9]

During the 17th century, stockbrokers were not allowed in the Royal Exchange due to their rude manners. They had to operate from other establishments in the vicinity, notably Jonathan's Coffee-House. At that coffee house, a broker named John Castaing started listing the prices of a few commodities, such as salt, coal, paper, and exchange rates in 1698. Originally, this was not a daily list and was only published a few days of the week.[10]

This list and activity was later moved to Garraway's coffee house. Public auctions during this period were conducted for the duration that a length of tallow candle could burn; these were known as "by inch of candle" auctions. As stocks grew, with new companies joining to raise capital, the royal court also raised some monies. These are the earliest evidence of organised trading in marketable securities in London.

Royal Exchange

After Gresham's Royal Exchange building was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, it was rebuilt and re-established in 1669. This was a move away from coffee houses and a step towards the modern model of stock exchange.[11]

The Royal Exchange housed not only brokers but also merchants and merchandise. This was the birth of a regulated stock market, which had teething problems in the shape of unlicensed brokers. In order to regulate these, Parliament passed an Act in 1697 that levied heavy penalties, both financial and physical, on those brokering without a licence. It also set a fixed number of brokers (at 100), but this was later increased as the size of the trade grew. This limit led to several problems, one of which was that traders began leaving the Royal Exchange, either by their own decision or through expulsion, and started dealing in the streets of London. The street in which they were now dealing was known as 'Exchange Alley', or 'Change Alley'; it was suitably placed close to the Bank of England. Parliament tried to regulate this and ban the unofficial traders from the Change streets.

Traders became weary of "bubbles" when companies rose quickly and fell, so they persuaded Parliament to pass a clause preventing "unchartered" companies from forming.

After the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), trade at Jonathan's Coffee House boomed again. In 1773, Jonathan, together with 150 other brokers, formed a club and opened a new and more formal "Stock Exchange" in Sweeting's Alley. This now had a set entrance fee, by which traders could enter the stock room and trade securities. It was, however, not an exclusive location for trading, as trading also occurred in the Rotunda of the Bank of England. Fraud was also rife during these times and in order to deter such dealings, it was suggested that users of the stock room pay an increased fee. This was not met well and ultimately, the solution came in the form of annual fees and turning the Exchange into a Subscription room.

The Subscription room created in 1801 was the first regulated exchange in London, but the transformation was not welcomed by all parties. On the first day of trading, non-members had to be expelled by a constable. In spite of the disorder, a new and bigger building was planned, at Capel Court.

William Hammond laid the first foundation stone for the new building on 18 May. It was finished on 30 December when "The Stock Exchange" was incised on the entrance.

First Rule Book

London Stock Exchange in 1810

In the Exchange's first operating years, on several occasions there was no clear set of regulations or fundamental laws for the Capel Court trading. In February 1812, the General Purpose Committee confirmed a set of recommendations, which later became the foundation of the first codified rule book of the Exchange. Even though the document was not a complex one, topics such as settlement and default were, in fact, quite comprehensive.

With its new governmental commandments[12] and increasing trading volume, the Exchange was progressively becoming an accepted part of the financial life in the city. In spite of continuous criticism from newspapers and the public, the government used the Exchange's organised market (and would most likely not have managed without it) to raise the enormous amount of money required for the wars against Napoleon.

Foreign and regional exchanges

After the war and facing a booming world economy, foreign lending to countries such as Brazil, Peru and Chile was a growing market. Notably, the Foreign Market at the Exchange allowed for merchants and traders to participate, and the Royal Exchange hosted all transactions where foreign parties were involved. The constant increase in overseas business eventually meant that dealing in foreign securities had to be allowed within all of the Exchange's premises.

Just as London enjoyed growth through international trade, the rest of Great Britain also benefited from the economic boom. Two other cities, in particular, showed great business development: Liverpool and Manchester. Consequently, in 1836 both the Manchester and Liverpool stock exchanges were opened. Some stock prices sometimes rose by 10%, 20% or even 30% in a week. These were times when stockbroking was considered a real business profession, and such attracted many entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, with booms came busts, and in 1835 the "Spanish panic" hit the markets, followed by a second one two years later.

The Exchange before the World Wars

Debenture of The Stock Exchange, issued 1 January 1899.

By June 1853, both participating members and brokers were taking up so much space that the Exchange was now uncomfortably crowded, and continual expansion plans were taking place. Having already been extended west, east, and northwards, it was then decided the Exchange needed an entire new establishment. Thomas Allason was appointed as the main architect, and in March 1854, the new brick building inspired from the Great Exhibition stood ready. This was a huge improvement in both surroundings and space, with twice the floor space available.

By the late 1800s, the telephone, ticker tape, and the telegraph had been invented. Those new technologies led to a revolution in the work of the Exchange.

First World War

Stock certificate of the London Stock Exchange, issued on 31 March 1920, declared as a qualification share. The capital of the Exchange from its incorporation consisted of 20,000 shares held only by its members, with trustees and directors required to hold 10 qualification shares.
Stock certificate of the London Stock Exchange, issued on 31 March 1920, declared as a qualification share. The capital of the Exchange from its incorporation consisted of 20,000 shares held only by its members, with trustees and directors required to hold 10 qualification shares.

As the financial centre of the world, both the City and the Stock Exchange were hit hard by the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Due to fears that borrowed money was to be called in and that foreign banks would demand their loans or raise interest, prices surged at first. The decision to close the Exchange for improved breathing space and to extend the August Bank Holiday to prohibit a run on banks, was hurried through by the committee and Parliament, respectively. The Stock Exchange ended up being closed from the end of July until the New Year, causing street business to be introduced again, as well as the "challenge system".

The Exchange was set to open again on 4 January 1915 under tedious restrictions: transactions were to be in cash only. Due to the limitations and challenges on trading brought by the war, almost a thousand members quit the Exchange between 1914 and 1918. When peace returned in November 1918, the mood on the trading floor was generally cowed. In 1923, the Exchange received its own coat of arms, with the motto Dictum Meum Pactum, My Word is My Bond.

Second World War

In 1937, officials at the Exchange used their experiences from World War I to draw up plans for how to handle a new war. The main concerns included air raids and the subsequent bombing of the Exchange's perimeters, and one suggestion was a move to Denham, Buckinghamshire. This however never took place. On the first day of September 1939, the Exchange closed its doors "until further notice" and two days later World War II was declared. Unlike in the prior war, the Exchange opened its doors again six days later, on 7 September.

As the war escalated into its second year, the concerns for air raids were greater than ever. Eventually, on the night of 29 December 1940, one of the greatest fires in London's history took place. The Exchange's floor was hit by a clutch of incendiary bombs, which were extinguished quickly. Trading on the floor was now drastically low and most was done over the phone to reduce the possibility of injuries.

The Exchange was only closed for one more day during wartime, in 1945 due to damage from a V-2 rocket. Nonetheless, trading continued in the house's basement.

Post-war

Trading floor in 1955

After decades of uncertain if not turbulent times, stock market business boomed in the late 1950s. This spurred officials to find new, more suitable accommodation. The work on the new Stock Exchange Tower began in 1967. The Exchange's new 321 feet (98 metres) high building had 26 storeys with council and administration at the top, and middle floors let out to affiliate companies. Queen Elizabeth II opened the building on 8 November 1972; it was a new City landmark, with its 23,000 sq ft (2,100 m2) trading floor.

The Stock Exchange Tower pictured from atop the National Westminster Tower in 1983

1973 marked a year of changes for the Stock Exchange. First, two trading prohibitions were abolished. A report from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission recommended the admittance of both women and foreign-born members on the floor. Second, in March the London Stock Exchange formally merged with the eleven British and Irish regional exchanges, including the Scottish Stock Exchange.[13] This expansion led to the creation of a new position of Chief Executive Officer; after an extensive search this post was given to Robert Fell. There were more governance changes in 1991, when the governing Council of the Exchange was replaced by a Board of Directors drawn from the Exchange's executive, customer, and user base; and the trading name became "The London Stock Exchange".

FTSE 100 Index (pronounced "Footsie 100") was launched by a partnership of the Financial Times and the Stock Exchange on 3 January 1984. This turned out to be one of the most useful indices of all, and tracked the movements of the 100 leading companies listed on the Exchange.

IRA bombing

On 20 July 1990, a bomb planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded in the men's toilets behind the visitors' gallery. The area had already been evacuated and nobody was injured.[14] About 30 minutes before the blast at 8:49 a.m., a man who said he was a member of the IRA told Reuters that a bomb had been placed at the exchange and was about to explode. Police officials said that if there had been no warning, the human toll would have been very high.[15] The explosion ripped a hole in the 23-storey building in Threadneedle Street and sent a shower of glass and concrete onto the street.[16] The long-term trend towards electronic trading platforms reduced the Exchange's attraction to visitors, and although the gallery reopened, it was closed permanently in 1992.

"Big Bang"

The biggest event of the 1980s was the sudden de-regulation of the financial markets in the UK in 1986. The phrase "Big Bang" was coined to describe measures, including abolition of fixed commission charges and of the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers on the London Stock Exchange, as well as the change from an open outcry to electronic, screen-based trading.

In 1995, the Exchange launched the Alternative Investment Market, the AIM, to allow growing companies to expand into international markets. Two years later, the Electronic Trading Service (SETS) was launched, bringing greater speed and efficiency to the market. Next, the CREST settlement service was launched. In 2000, the Exchange's shareholders voted to become a public limited company, London Stock Exchange plc. London Stock Exchange also transferred its role as UK Listing Authority to the Financial Services Authority (FSA-UKLA).

EDX London, an international equity derivatives business, was created in 2003 in partnership with OM Group. The Exchange also acquired Proquote Limited, a new generation supplier of real-time market data and trading systems.

Paternoster Square; LSEG occupies the building that takes up much of the right side of this picture.
London Stock Exchange office interior at Paternoster Square

The old Stock Exchange Tower became largely redundant with Big Bang, which deregulated many of the Stock Exchange's activities: computerised systems and dealing rooms replaced face-to-face trading. In 2004, London Stock Exchange moved to a brand-new headquarters in Paternoster Square, close to St Paul's Cathedral.

In 2007, the London Stock Exchange merged with Borsa Italiana, creating London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). The Group's headquarters are in Paternoster Square.

The Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protesters of Occupy London on 15 October 2011. Attempts to occupy the square were thwarted by police.[17] Police sealed off the entrance to the square as it is private property, a High Court injunction having previously been granted against public access to the square.[18] The protesters moved nearby to occupy the space in front of St Paul's Cathedral.[19] The protests were part of the global Occupy movement.

On 25 April 2019, the final day of the Extinction Rebellion disruption in London, 13 activists glued themselves together in a chain, blocking the entrances of the Stock Exchange.[20][21] The protesters were all later arrested on suspicion of aggravated trespass.[21] Extinction Rebellion had said its protesters would target the financial industry "and the corrosive impacts of the ... sector on the world we live in" and activists also blocked entrances to HM Treasury and the Goldman Sachs office on Fleet Street.[22]

Activities

Primary markets

There are two main markets on which companies trade on the LSE: the main market and the alternative investment market.

Main Market

The main market is home to over 1,300 large companies from 60 countries.[23] The FTSE 100 Index ("footsie") is the main share index of the 100 most highly capitalised UK companies listed on the Main Market.[24]

Alternative Investment Market

The Alternative Investment Market is LSE's international market for smaller companies. A wide range of businesses including early-stage, venture capital-backed, as well as more-established companies join AIM seeking access to growth capital. The AIM is classified as a Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) under the 2004 MiFID directive, and as such it is a flexible market with a simpler admission process for companies wanting to be publicly listed.[25]

Secondary markets

The securities available for trading on London Stock Exchange:[26]

Post trade

Through the Exchange's Italian arm, Borsa Italiana, the London Stock Exchange Group as a whole offers clearing and settlement services for trades through CC&G (Cassa di Compensazione e Garanzia) and Monte Titoli.[27][28] is the Groups Central Counterparty (CCP) and covers multiple asset classes throughout the Italian equity, derivatives and bond markets. CC&G also clears Turquoise derivatives. Monte Titoli (MT) is the pre-settlement, settlement, custody and asset services provider of the Group. MT operates both on-exchange and OTC trades with over 400 banks and brokers.

Technology

London Stock Exchange's trading platform is its own Linux-based edition named Millennium Exchange.[29]

Their previous trading platform TradElect was based on Microsoft's .NET Framework, and was developed by Microsoft and Accenture. For Microsoft, LSE was a good combination of a highly visible exchange and yet a relatively modest IT problem.[30]

Despite TradElect only being in use for about two years,[31] after suffering multiple periods of extended downtime and unreliability[32][33] the LSE announced in 2009 that it was planning to switch to Linux in 2010.[34][35] The main market migration to MillenniumIT technology was successfully completed in February 2011.[36]

LSEG provides high-performance technology, including trading, market surveillance and post-trade systems, for over 40 organisations and exchanges, including the Group's own markets. Additional services include network connectivity, hosting and quality assurance testing. MillenniumIT, GATElab and Exactpro are among the Group's technology companies.[37]

The LSE facilitates stock listings in a currency other than its "home currency". Most stocks are quoted in GBP but some are quoted in EUR while others are quoted in USD.

Mergers and acquisitions

On 3 May 2000, it was announced that the LSE would merge with the Deutsche Börse; however this fell through.[38]

On 23 June 2007, the London Stock Exchange announced that it had agreed on the terms of a recommended offer to the shareholders of the Borsa Italiana S.p.A. The merger of the two companies created a leading diversified exchange group in Europe. The combined group was named the London Stock Exchange Group, but still remained two separate legal and regulatory entities. One of the long-term strategies of the joint company is to expand Borsa Italiana's efficient clearing services to other European markets.

In 2007, after Borsa Italiana announced that it was exercising its call option to acquire full control of MBE Holdings; thus the combined Group would now control Mercato dei Titoli di Stato, or MTS. This merger of Borsa Italiana and MTS with LSE's existing bond-listing business enhanced the range of covered European fixed income markets.

London Stock Exchange Group acquired Turquoise (TQ), a Pan-European MTF, in 2009.[39]

On 9 October 2020, London Stock Exchange agreed to sell the Borsa Italiana (including Borsa's bond trading platform MTS) to Euronext for €4.3 billion (£3.9 billion) in cash.[40] Euronext completed the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group on 29 April 2021 for a final price of €4,444 million.[41]

On 12 Dec 2022, Microsoft bought a nearly 4% stake in LSE (London Stock Exchange Group) as part of a ten-year cloud deal.[42]

NASDAQ bids

In December 2005, London Stock Exchange rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie Bank. London Stock Exchange described the offer as "derisory", a sentiment echoed by shareholders in the Exchange. Shortly after Macquarie withdrew its offer, the LSE received an unsolicited approach from NASDAQ valuing the company at £2.4 billion. This too it rejected. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on 11 April 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share.[43] NASDAQ also purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale by Scottish Widows of 2.69 million shares.[44] The move was seen as an effort to force LSE to the negotiating table, as well as to limit the Exchange's strategic flexibility.[45]

Subsequent purchases increased NASDAQ's stake to 25.1%, holding off competing bids for several months.[46][47][48] United Kingdom financial rules required that NASDAQ wait for a period of time before renewing its effort. On 20 November 2006, within a month or two of the expiration of this period, NASDAQ increased its stake to 28.75% and launched a hostile offer at the minimum permitted bid of £12.43 per share, which was the highest NASDAQ had paid on the open market for its existing shares.[49] The LSE immediately rejected this bid, stating that it "substantially undervalues" the company.[50]

NASDAQ revised its offer (characterized as an "unsolicited" bid, rather than a "hostile takeover attempt") on 12 December 2006, indicating that it would be able to complete the deal with 50% (plus one share) of LSE's stock, rather than the 90% it had been seeking. The U.S. exchange did not, however, raise its bid. Many hedge funds had accumulated large positions within the LSE, and many managers of those funds, as well as Furse, indicated that the bid was still not satisfactory. NASDAQ's bid was made more difficult because it had described its offer as "final", which, under British bidding rules, restricted their ability to raise its offer except under certain circumstances.

In the end, NASDAQ's offer was roundly rejected by LSE shareholders. Having received acceptances of only 0.41% of rest of the register by the deadline on 10 February 2007, Nasdaq's offer duly lapsed.[51]

On 20 August 2007, NASDAQ announced that it was abandoning its plan to take over the LSE and subsequently look for options to divest its 31% (61.3 million shares) shareholding in the company in light of its failed takeover attempt.[52] In September 2007, NASDAQ agreed to sell the majority of its shares to Borse Dubai, leaving the United Arab Emirates-based exchange with 28% of the LSE.[53]

Proposed merger with TMX Group

On 9 February 2011, London Stock Exchange Group announced it had agreed to merge with the Toronto-based TMX Group, the owners of the Toronto Stock Exchange, creating a combined entity with a market capitalization of listed companies equal to £3.7 trillion.[54] Xavier Rolet, CEO of the LSE Group at the time, would have headed the new enlarged company, while TMX Chief Executive Thomas Kloet would have become the new firm president. London Stock Exchange Group however announced it was terminating the merger with TMX on 29 June 2011 citing that "LSEG and TMX Group believe that the merger is highly unlikely to achieve the required two-thirds majority approval at the TMX Group shareholder meeting".[55] Even though LSEG obtained the necessary support from its shareholders, it failed to obtain the required support from TMX's shareholders.

Opening times

Normal trading sessions on the main orderbook (SETS) are from 08:00 to 16:30 local time every day of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the exchange in advance. The detailed schedule is as follows:

  1. Trade reporting 07:15–07:50
  2. Opening auction 07:50–08:00
  3. Continuous trading 08:00–16:30
  4. Closing auction 16:30–16:35
  5. Order maintenance 16:35–17:00
  6. Trade reporting only 17:00–17:15

[56] Auction Periods (SETQx)

SETSqx (Stock Exchange Electronic Trading Service – quotes and crosses) is a trading service for securities less liquid than those traded on SETS.

The auction uncrossings are scheduled to take place at 8:00, 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, and 16:35.

Observed holidays are New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Bank Holiday, Spring Bank Holiday, Summer Bank Holiday, Christmas Day, and Boxing Day. If New Year's Day, Christmas Day, and/or Boxing Day falls on a weekend, the following working day is observed as a holiday.

Arms

Coat of arms of LG Electronics
Adopted
10 September 1923
Crest
On a wreath of the colours, In front of a tower proper a lion passant guardant Or.
Escutcheon
Argent, a cross and in the first quarter a sword erect gules; on a chief of the second a balance Or.
Supporters
On either side a griffin sable, gorged with a mural crown Or.
Motto
DICTUM MEUM PACTUM[57]

See also

  • List of stock exchanges
  • List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations
  • List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories
  • Stock Exchange forgery 1872–73
  • TAURUS (share settlement)

References

  1. ↑ "Market Statistics - Focus (April 2023) The World Federation of Exchanges". World Federation of Exchanges. https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/april-2023/market-statistics. 
  2. ↑ "London Stock Exchange (LSE)". https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/lse. 
  3. ↑ "London Stock Exchange (LSE)". https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/lse. 
  4. ↑ "History of London Stock Exchange Group". http://www.lseg.com/about-london-stock-exchange-group/history. 
  5. ↑ Foy, Simon (2023-10-19). "London Stock Exchange overtakes Paris to regain crown as Europe’s biggest market" (in en-GB). The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/10/19/london-stock-exchange-overtakes-paris-europe-market/. 
  6. ↑ David Summers (3 March 2022). "Ownership of UK quoted shares: 2020". Office for National Statistics. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/investmentspensionsandtrusts/bulletins/ownershipofukquotedshares/2020. 
  7. ↑ Nisha Arora (11 February 2021). "Financial Lives 2020 survey: the impact of coronavirus". Financial Conduct Authority. https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/research/financial-lives-survey-2020.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "Royal Exchange, London". http://www.walklondon.com/london-attractions/royal-exchange.htm. 
  9. ↑ "Heritage | The Royal Exchange" (in en-US). http://www.theroyalexchange.co.uk/heritage/. 
  10. ↑ "St Paul's Institute: A Valuable Exchange at the Royal Exchange". http://www.stpaulsinstitute.org.uk/dialogue/tanya-barman/opinion/2012/jun/21/a-valuable-exchange-at-the-royal-exchange. 
  11. ↑ "Gresham Grasshopper, Royal Exchange, London – Insect Sculptures on Waymarking.com" (in en). http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM6R6Y_Gresham_Grasshopper_Royal_Exchange_London. 
  12. ↑ Ranald Michie (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191529344. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCaQDwAAQBAJ&q=London%20Stock%20Exchange%20First%20Rule%20Book&pg=PA37. Retrieved 7 June 2019. 
  13. ↑ "Calls for Scotland to have its own stock exchange". 4 August 2010. http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/calls-for-scotland-to-have-its-own-stock-exchange-1.1045699. 
  14. ↑ "On This Day: 20 July 1990: IRA bombs Stock Exchange". BBC News. 20 July 1990. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/20/newsid_2515000/2515667.stm. 
  15. ↑ FINEMAN, MARK (21 July 1990). "Bomb Blast Rips London's Stock Exchange; No Injuries Reported : Terrorism: Apparent IRA warning allows time to evacuate the building and surrounding area". Los Angeles Times. https://articles.latimes.com/1990-07-21/news/mn-170_1_london-stock-exchange. 
  16. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Is Rocked by a Bombing". The New York Times. 21 July 1990. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/21/world/london-stock-exchange-is-rocked-by-a-bombing.html. 
  17. ↑ Davies, Caroline (16 October 2011). "Occupy London protest continues into second day". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/16/occupy-london-protest-second-day. 
  18. ↑ "Stock exchange occupation blocked". Media Wales (Wales). 15 October 2011. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/2011/10/15/stock-exchange-occupation-blocked-91466-29601928/. 
  19. ↑ "Occupy London: Protest continues for second day". BBC News (London). 16 October 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15324901. 
  20. ↑ Hope, Kate (25 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protesters glue themselves to London Stock Exchange". https://www.euronews.com/2019/04/25/extinction-rebellion-protesters-glue-themselves-to-london-stock-exchange. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Extinction Rebellion activists end London protests". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48058177. 
  22. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: London Stock Exchange blocked by climate activists". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48049040. 
  23. ↑ "London Stock Exchange". https://www.londonstockexchange.com/raise-finance/equity/main-market?tab=insights-and-reports&lang=en. 
  24. ↑ Lessambo, Felix I. (2021). International Finance: New Players and Global Markets. Springer. ISBN 9783030692322. https://books.google.com/books?id=6eAhEAAAQBAJ&q=The%20main%20market%20is%20home%20to%20over%201%2C300%20large%20companies%20from%2060%20different%20countries.%20London%20Stock%20Exchange&pg=PA86. Retrieved 18 April 2021. 
  25. ↑ "AIM". Thomson Reuters. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/8-107-6392?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true. 
  26. ↑ "SECURITY TYPES". London Stock Exchange. https://www.londonstockexchange.com/traders-and-brokers/security-types/security-types.htm. 
  27. ↑ CC&G - London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  28. ↑ Monte Titoli London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  29. ↑ Leo King (14 February 2011). "London Stock Exchange finished the switch to Linux". Computerworld UK. http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/open-source/3260727/london-stock-exchange-in-historic-linux-go-live/. 
  30. ↑ Ajay Shah (4 July 2009). "Microsoft inside the exchange". Blogspot. http://ajayshahblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/microsoft-inside-exchange.html. 
  31. ↑ "London Stock Exchange to replace Tradelect with Millennium". London: ComputerWeekly.com. 4 September 2009. http://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280090627/London-Stock-Exchange-to-replace-Tradelect-with-Millennium. 
  32. ↑ Rowena Mason (10 September 2008). "Seven-hour LSE blackout caused by double glitch". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-caused-by-double-glitch.html. 
  33. ↑ "London Stock Exchange trading hit by technical glitch". BBC News. 26 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8380607.stm. 
  34. ↑ David M. Williams (8 October 2009). "London Stock Exchange gets the facts and dumps Windows for Linux". ITWire. http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-distillery/28359-london-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux. 
  35. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Rejects .NET For Open Source". Slashdot. 6 October 2009. http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source. 
  36. ↑ Stafford, Philip (14 February 2011). "LSE moves to faster UK trading system". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8a87cf48-383e-11e0-8257-00144feabdc0.html. 
  37. ↑ "Investor Relations". http://www.lseg.com/investor-relations. 
  38. ↑ "2000: Leading stock exchanges plan merger". 3 May 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/3/newsid_2481000/2481359.stm. 
  39. ↑ "LSE confirms Turquoise acquisition talks". https://www.thetradenews.com/lse-confirms-turquoise-acquisition-talks/. 
  40. ↑ "LSE agrees to sell Borsa Italiana to Euronext for €4.3 billion". 9 October 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-lse-borsa-italiana-m-a-idUKKBN26U0H7. 
  41. ↑ "Euronext today completes the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group and publishes Q1 2021 results". https://www.euronext.com/en/about/media/euronext-press-releases/acquisition-borsa-italiana-group-and-q1-2021-results. 
  42. ↑ "Microsoft buys near 4% stake in London Stock Exchange Group as part of 10-year cloud deal". https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/12/microsoft-buys-near-4percent-stake-in-london-stock-exchange-and-launches-10-year-partnership.html. 
  43. ↑ Patrick, M.; Lucchetti, A.; Reilly, D.; Taylor, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Acquires 15% of LSE". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114477409808123029. 
  44. ↑ "Scottish Widows says has sold 2.7 mln LSE shares at 1,175 pence". Forbes. 12 April 2006. https://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2006/04/12/afx2665242.html. 
  45. ↑ Ortega, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Buys 15 Percent Stake in LSE for $782 Million". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=aY106PolhKUQ&refer=us. 
  46. ↑ MacDonald, A.; Lucchetti, A. (4 May 2006). "In LSE Stakes, Nasdaq Advances, Euronext Falls". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114670228362743269. 
  47. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (11 May 2006). "Nasdaq Lifts Its LSE Stake to 24%". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114729205685149301. 
  48. ↑ Goldsmith, B.; Elliott, M. (19 May 2006). "Nasdaq raises LSE stake, making rival bids harder". Reuters. http://today.reuters.com/business/newsArticle.aspx?type=bankingFinancial&storyID=nL1923903. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  49. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (20 November 2006). "Nasdaq Makes Bid to Buy Rest of London Stock Exchange". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116400769286328180. 
  50. ↑ "LSE rejects £2.7bn Nasdaq offer". BBC News. 20 November 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6164376.stm. 
  51. ↑ "Nasdaq fails in takeover bid for London Stock Exchange". International Herald Tribune. 11 February 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-nasdaq.4549290.html. 
  52. ↑ "Sale Update". reuters.co.uk. 20 August 2007. http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=mergersNews&storyID=2007-08-20T091233Z_01_L2025258_RTRIDST_0_LSE-NASDAQ-SALE-UPDATE-1.XML. 
  53. ↑ Magnusson, N.; McSheehy, W. (20 September 2007). "Dubai to Buy Stakes in Nasdaq, LSE; Strikes OMX Deal". bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aqzGAS7oAezg&refer=home. 
  54. ↑ "LSE agrees merger with TMX of Canada". BBC News. 9 February 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12400785. 
  55. ↑ "Announcement re LSEG/TMX Group merger – London Stock Exchange". Londonstockexchangegroup.com. http://www.londonstockexchangegroup.com/newsroom/2011pressreleases/lseannouncementrelsegtmxgroupmerger.htm. 
  56. ↑ "SETSqx and SEAQ". https://www.lseg.com/areas-expertise/our-markets/london-stock-exchange/equities-markets/trading-services/domestic-trading-services/setsqx. 
  57. ↑ "'London Stock Exchange'". https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=London_Stock_Exchange. 

Further reading

  • Michie, R. C. (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829508-1. 

[ ⚑ ] 51°30′54.25″N 0°5′56.77″W / 51.5150694°N 0.0991028°W / 51.5150694; -0.0991028



ISIN[https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Toollabs:isin/&language=en&isin=US50186Q2021 US50186Q2021]
IndustryConsumer electronics
Home appliances
Computer hardwares
PredecessorGoldStar (1958–2002)
Founded
  • October 1958; 67 years ago (1958-10) (as GoldStar)
  • Script error: No such module "Date time". (as LG Electronics; re-incorporated in 2002)
FounderKoo In-hwoi (The original GoldStar)
HeadquartersLG Twin Tower 128, Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul, South Korea
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Kwang-Mo Koo (chairman)
  • Jo Seong-Jin (vice chairman and CEO) (acting)
  • Jung Do-Hyun (president and CFO)
  • I. P. Park (President and CTO)
ProductsSee products listing
RevenueIncrease ₩83.995 trillion (2024)[1]
Decrease ₩3.6 trillion (2022)[1]
Increase ₩1.9 trillion (2022)[1]
Total assetsIncrease ₩55.15 trillion (2022)[1]
Total equityIncrease ₩22.5 trillion (2022)[1]
OwnerLG Corporation (33%)
Number of employees
75,000+ (2022)[2]
Websitelg.com

LG Electronics Inc. (Korean: 엘지 전자; RR: Elji Jeonja) is a South Korean multinational major appliance and consumer electronics corporation headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, South Korea. LG Electronics is a part of LG Corporation, the fourth largest chaebol in South Korea, and often considered as the pinnacle of LG Corp with the group's chemical and battery division LG Chem. It comprises four business units: home entertainment, mobility, home appliances & air solutions, and business solutions. LG Electronics acquired Zenith in 1995 and is the largest shareholder of LG Display, the world's largest display company by revenue in 2020. LG Electronics is also the world's second largest television manufacturer behind Samsung Electronics. The company has 128 operations worldwide, employing 83,000 people.[3]

History

1958–1960s

GoldStar television (VD-191), manufactured in 1966
LG Micro Hi-Fi Audio system, c. 2008

In 1958, LG Electronics was founded as GoldStar (Korean: 금성). It was established in the aftermath of the Korean War to provide the rebuilding nation with domestically produced consumer electronics and home appliances. The start of the country's national broadcasting that created a booming electronics market and a close relationship it quickly forged with Hitachi helped GoldStar to produce South Korea's first radios, televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners.[4] GoldStar was the electronics division of Lak-Hui (pronounced "Lucky") Chemical Industrial Corp. which is now LG Chem and LG Household & Health Care. GoldStar merged with Lucky Chemical and GoldStar Cable on 28 February 1995, changing the corporate name to Lucky-Goldstar and then finally to LG Electronics.

1970s–1990s

Goldstar first went public in 1970; by 1976, it was producing one million televisions annually.[5] In 1982, Goldstar opened its first overseas factory, which was based in Huntsville, Alabama. In 1994, GoldStar officially adopted the LG Electronics brand and a new corporate logo. In 1995, LG Electronics acquired the US-based TV manufacturer Zenith and absorbed it four years later. Also in that year, LG Electronics made the world's first CDMA digital mobile handsets and supplied Ameritech and GTE in the US, the LGC-330W digital cellular phone. The company was also awarded UL certification in the US. In 1998, LG developed the world's first 60-inch plasma TV and established a joint venture in 1999 with Philips – LG.Philips LCD – which now goes by the name LG Display. In 1999, LG Semiconductor merged with Hynix.[6]

2000s–present

In order to create a holding company, the former LG Electronics was split off in 2002, with the "new" LG Electronics being spun off and the "old" LG Electronics changing its name to LG EI. It was then merged with and into LG CI in 2003 (the legal successor of the former LG Chem), so the company that started as GoldStar does not exist.

LG Electronics plays a large role in the global consumer electronics industry; it was the second-largest LCD TV manufacturer worldwide as of 2013.[7] By 2005, LG was a Top 100 global brand and recorded a brand growth of 14% in 2006.[8] As of 2009, its display manufacturing affiliate, LG Display, was the world's largest LCD panel manufacturer.[9] In 2010, LG Electronics entered the smartphone industry. LG Electronics has since continued to develop various electronic products, such as releasing the world's first 84-inch ultra-HD TV for retail sale.[10]

On 5 December 2012, the antitrust regulators of the European Union fined LG Electronics and five other major companies (Samsung, Thomson since 2010 known as Technicolor, Matsushita which today is Panasonic Corp, Philips and Toshiba) for fixing prices of TV cathode-ray tubes in two cartels lasting nearly a decade.[11]

On 11 June 2015, LG Electronics found itself in the midst of a human rights controversy when The Guardian published an article by Rosa Moreno, a former employee of an LG television assembly factory. Moreno was offered $3800 in compensation after losing both hands in an industrial accident while working for a subcontrator making parts for LG-branded flatscreen televisions.[12]

At the end of 2016, LG Electronics merged its German branch (situated in Ratingen) and European headquarter (situated in London) together in Eschborn, a suburb of Frankfurt am Main.[13]

In March 2017, LG Electronics was sued for its handling of hardware failures with recent smartphones such as the LG G4.[14]

Koo Bon-joon, who was the CEO and the current vice chairman of LG Electronics,[15] was replaced by his nephew Koo Kwang-mo in July 2018 as CEO and vice chairman.[16] The move came after the succession of Koo Kwang-mo as the chairman of the parent company LG Corporation who succeeded his adoptive father and uncle Koo Bon-moo after Bon-moo died of a brain tumor on 20 May 2018.[17]

LG announced in November 2018 that Hwang Jeong-hwan, who took the job as president of LG Mobile Communications in October 2017, will be replaced by Brian Kwon, who is head of LG's hugely profitable home entertainment business, from 1 December 2018.[18] Also in 2018, LG decided to stop smartphone production in South Korea to move production to Vietnam, in order to stay competitive.[19] LG said Vietnam provides an "abundant labor force" and that 750 workers at its South Korean handset factory would be relocated to its home appliance plant.

On 5 April 2021, LG announced its withdrawal from the phone manufacturing industry after continuous loss in the market. In 2020, LG faced a loss of 5 trillion won (US$4.4 billion).[20][21][22][23]

In June 2021, the YouTube channel Hardware Unboxed published a video alleging an attempt by a representative of LG to manipulate the review of one of LG's gaming monitors.[24] The representative, in an email shown in the video, attempts to influence the editorial outcome of the review by indicating testing methods and aspects of the display to be followed by the channel. This came a few months after a similar incident between the creators and Nvidia in which Nvidia warned them that if they continue emphasizing on rasterization rather than ray tracing in Nvidia's graphics cards, they would no longer receive review samples.

As of 1 December 2021, the Chief Strategy Officer William Cho will take over for Bong-seok Kwon as the CEO of LG Electronics.[25]

In June 2022, LG acquired AppleMango, a South Korean EV charger manufacturer with a 60% purchase of the company's stocks[26][27]

In that same month, the American publication Consumer Reports rated LG home appliances as the most reliable in the U.S. consumer market.[28]

In April 2024, a security firm discovered security bugs in tens of thousands of LG smart TV models that could "let hackers hijack them". The vulnerability particularly affects smart TVs running LG's WebOS operating system from version 4 to version 7.[29]

Corporate governance

Shareholder Stake (%) Flag
LG 33.67%
National Pension Service 8.47%
Treasury Stock 0.47%

Logo evolution

  • 1958-1961
    1958-1961
  • 1961-1962
    1961-1962
  • 1962-1963
    1962-1963
  • 1963-1964
    1963-1964
  • 1964-1965
    1964-1965
  • 1965
    1965
  • 1965-1975
    1965-1975
  • 1995-2014
    1995-2014
  • 2008-2014
    2008-2014
  • 2014-present
    2014-present
  • 2014-present (3D)
    2014-present (3D)

COVID-19 response

On 25 December 2021, LG Electronics launched a video campaign showing some of the initiatives the company has taken in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. The video shows how the company has handled the pandemic from the beginning by encouraging good hygiene practices to include social distancing, hand-washing, mask wearing, and using hand sanitizers.[citation needed]

In a strategy to cope with demand for contactless shopping during the COVID-19 pandemic, LG Electronics has opened a number of unmanned stores that allow for customers to authenticate themselves at the main entrance, check product information, and purchase products using a mobile phone or QR code. The company operates nine unmanned stores and this will increase to 30 by the end of June 2022. These retail locations are only available in South Korea.[30]

United States headquarters

October 2019 in Englewood Cliffs

In 2013, LG Electronics USA proposed building a new headquarters in the borough of Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey, including a 143 ft (44 m) tall building that would stand taller than the tree line of the Hudson Palisades, a US National Natural Landmark.[31][32][33] The company proposed to build an environmentally friendly facility in Englewood Cliffs, incidental to Bergen County's per-capita leading Korean American population, having received an initially favorable legal decision concerning building height issues.[34] The plan, while approved by the local government, met with resistance from the segments of the general public as well as government officials in New Jersey and adjacent New York.[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] The initial court decision upholding the local government approval was overturned by a New Jersey appellate court in 2015 and LG subsequently submitted a revised, scaled-down, 64-foot building for approval by the borough of Englewood Cliffs in 2016.[43] LG broke ground on the new US$300 million Englewood Cliffs headquarters on 7 February 2017, to be completed in late 2019.[44]

Products

LG Electronics products include televisions including hospitality televisions for hotels and commercial industrials,[45][46] home theater systems,[47] home audio,[48] portable audio and headphones,[49] refrigerators, washing machines, computer monitors, wearable devices, vehicle audio and displays,[50][51] smart appliances and formerly smartphones and solar panels.

Televisions

See also: Company:LG Display

The LG SL9000 was one of several new Borderless HDTV's advertised for release at IFA Berlin in 2009.[52] LG Electronics launched an OLED TV in 2013 and 65-inch and 77-inch sizes in 2014.[53][54] LG Electronics introduced its first Internet TV in 2007, originally branded as "Net Cast Entertainment Access" devices. They later renamed the 2011 Internet televisions to "LG Smart TV" when more interactive television features were added, that enable the audience to receive information from the Internet while watching conventional TV programming.[citation needed]

In November 2013, a blogger discovered that some of LG's smart TVs silently collect filenames from attached USB storage devices and program viewing data, and transmit the information to LG's servers and LG-affiliated servers.[55][56] Shortly after this blog entry went live, LG disabled playback on its site of the video, explaining how its viewer analytics work, and closed the Brightcove account the video was hosted on.

LG manufactures remote control models that use Hillcrest Labs' Freespace technology to allow users to change channels using gestures[57] and Dragon NaturallySpeaking technology for voice recognition.[58]

As of 2014, LG is using webOS with a ribbon interface with some of its smart TVs. LG reported that in the first eight months after release, it had sold over 5 million webOS TVs.[59]

In 2016, exclusively to India, Indian arm of South Korea's LG Electronics Inc started selling a TV that would repel mosquitoes.[60] It uses ultrasonic waves that are silent to humans but cause mosquitoes to fly away.[60] It was released on 16 June 2016. The technology was also used in air conditioners and washing machines.[60] The TV is aimed for lower-income consumers living in conditions that would make them susceptible to mosquitoes.[60]

In 2018, it was reported that LG was planning to sell big-screen televisions that could be rolled up and retract automatically with the push of a button come 2019.[61]

Mobile devices

In April 2021, LG officially confirmed that it will shut down its mobile division.[62][63] Earlier, there had been rumours that LG considered selling its mobile division with Vingroup and Volkswagen named as potential buyers.[64][65]

Other than mobile phones, LG Electronics have also made tablet computers like the LG G series complementing the mobile phones.[66] LG also makes laptop computers in the LG Gram line, and previously under the Xnote line (see List of LG laptops).

Mobile phones

See also: Engineering:List of LG mobile phones
LG G4 range

LG Electronics used to manufacture mobile phones from 1995 to 2021,[67] selling to the domestic market only (as Cyon) until 2000 where it was in the shadow of Samsung Anycall.[67] LG released its first GSM network phones during 2001[68] although had also marketed CDMA phones before then in the U.S.[69] LG made its breakthrough during the mid and late 2000s: it launched its highly popular LG Chocolate in worldwide in 2006 which popularised touch-sensitivity. The following year it released the world's first capacitive touchscreen phone LG Prada, and Shine, cementing its focus on design:[67] its phones during this era have led to LG being called alongside Apple as one of the pioneers of the rise of touchscreens.[70] By 2008 LG had entered the top 3 worldwide leaders in mobile phones.[71]

There was further success with the Cookie which helped to bring touchscreens to the budget market, and with the Lollipop flip phone that became very popular in South Korea.[67] However the company had trouble with competing in smartphones. In 2010, LG released the Optimus smartphone, which would span into a series. The following year saw the release of the LG Optimus 3D, the world's first mobile phone with glasses-free 3D display,[72] and LG Optimus 2X, the first with a dual-core processor.[73] In 2012 LG worked with Google to build the Nexus 4 smartphone.[74]

Other than the G3, LG officially unveiled the curved smartphone, LG G Flex, on 27 October 2013.[75][76] At Consumer Electronics Show in January 2014, LG announced a US release for the G2 across several major carriers.[77] In 2015, LG released LG G4 globally in late May through early June.[78] On 7 September 2016, LG unveiled the V20,[79] and the V30 was announced on 31 August 2017. LG G6 was officially announced during MWC 2017 on 26 February 2017.[80] The G7 ThinQ model was announced at a 2 May 2018 media briefing.[81] In 2020, the LG Wing was introduced with two displays and a swivel design.[73]

In April 2021, after months of speculation, LG confirmed that the smartphone division will be officially shut down in July 2021.[82] The decision to shut down LG Mobile came about from poor sales caused by stiff competition from rival Samsung and Chinese brands such as Oppo and Xiaomi. LG became the first major smartphone brand to completely withdraw from the market.[83]

Smart watches

LG G Watch R

LG and Google announced the Android Wear-based smartwatch, the LG G Watch, that was in June 2014.[84] In August 2014, the LG G Watch R that has a circular face (similar to the Moto 360) was released.[85] The LG Watch Urbane that LG's third Android Wear-based smart watch has released in April 2015. This was the first device to support newer smartwatch features such as Wi-Fi, and new parts of Android Wear's software interface, like the ability to draw emoji to friends.[86]

Rolly keyboard

In 2015, LG announced a Bluetooth keyboard that folds up along the four rows of keys for portability. The Rolly keyboard is made of solid plastic. Two tiny plastic arms fold out from the end of the keyboard to support a tablet or smartphone and it can toggle between two different Bluetooth-connected devices at a time. Battery life is an expected three months on a single AAA battery.[87]

Home appliances

LG washer and dryer on pedestals
LG Signature LSA 50 A air purifier

LG manufactures home appliances including refrigerators, washing machines, tumble dryers, vacuum cleaners, air conditioners and microwave ovens. In June 2014, LG Electronics announced the launch of its smart appliances with HomeChat messaging service in South Korea. HomeChat employs LINE, the mobile messenger app from Korean company 'Naver', to let homeowners communicate, control, monitor and share content with LG's smart appliances.[88] Users can send simple messages, such as "start washing cycle," in order to control their washing machines.[88]

In December 2021, LG Electronics announced they were testing an ecologically friendly washing machine that uses liquid carbon dioxide as a cleaner. The company will be conducting a two-year test prove the safety with a goal of having commercial CO
2 washers in shopping mall laundries. This new process creates no wastewater and will exhaust gas.[89]

Automotive

LG Electronics manufactures vehicle audio for many manufacturers including Opel, Renault, Vauxhall and Volkswagen. LG Electronics also manufacturers teardrop trailers[90][91][92] and produces displays for many vehicle manufacturers.[93]

Competitive position: innovation

In 2021, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)'s annual World Intellectual Property Indicators report ranked LG's number of patent applications published under the PCT System as 4th in the world, with 2,759 patent applications being published during 2020.[94] This position is an impressive increase from their previous ranking as 10th in 2019 with 1,646 applications.[95]

In 2023, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)'s Annual PCT Review ranked LG Electronics's number of patent applications published under the PCT System as 6th in the world, with 1,887 patent applications being published during 2023.[96]

In 2024 LG's number of designs in industrial design registrations published under the Hague System was ranked as 4th in the world, with 352 design registrations being published during 2023.[97]

Marketing and public relations

Sponsorships

LG Sports Limited, a subsidiary of LG Corporation, owns the Korean Baseball Organisation (KBO) LG Twins (LG 트윈스). Through an acquisition in 1990, the MBC Blue Dragons (who was one of the six original founding members of the KBO in 1982) became the LG Twins.[98] The team has won two Korean Series (1990 and 1994). LG attracts a large attendance of fans and to much of their enjoyment, took third place in the league.[99]

In August 2013, LG Electronics announced that it would sponsor German Bundesliga club Bayer 04 Leverkusen for the next three years with an option to extend for one more year. LG sponsors the International Cricket Council, the world governing body for cricket and also sponsors the ICC Awards.[100]

From 2009 to 2013, LG Electronics sponsored Formula One as a Global Partner and Technology Partner.[101] LG was also an official supplier to Virgin Racing and Lotus Racing team, plus engine manufacturer Cosworth from 2010 to 2012.[102] LG also sponsors London Fashion Week and the LG Arena in Birmingham.[103]

During the period 2001–2003, LG sponsored the snooker Grand Prix. During these years the tournament was known as the LG Cup. In 2008, LG became sponsors of the Extreme Sport 'FSO4 Freeze' festival.[104]

The LG Electronics company in Australia dissolved its sponsorship with cricketer David Warner on 27 March 2018 and dropped him as the brand ambassador of the company over the ball tampering scandal during the third Test of their 2017–18 tempestuous series against South Africa.[105][106] Warner had an agreement with the company in 2014 and his contract had been planned for renewal.[107][108]

Environmental record

In 2010, independent tests of popular LG fridge models conducted by Choice magazine found the energy consumption in two models was higher than claimed by LG. LG was aware of the problem and offered compensation to affected customers.[109] In 2004, LG made 4A-rated water efficiency claims for numerous washing machines before they were certified. LG gave undertakings to the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission to provide appropriate corrective notices and upgrade and maintain its trade practices compliance program. In 2006, LG overstated energy efficiency on five of its air conditioner models and was again required to offer consumers rebates to cover the extra energy costs.[109]

In March 2018, it was announced that one of LG steam clothing care systems earned the Asthma & Allergy Friendly Certification.[110]

In May 2020, a deadly gas leak in LG chemical plant in Visakhapatnam killed 12 people. An investigation was set up to look upon the matter revealed many causes for the accident. Improper storage design, haphazard maintenance of the old storage tank, the temperature inside the oldest of the three storage tanks holding styrene monomer, a chemical used in making polystyrene products, rose to more than six times the permitted level due to polymerization, which resulted in the rise of heat due to the chemical reaction are the few causes. It was also suggested to move the company to a less populated area.[111]

Slogans

  • "We Put People First" (1997–1999)
  • "Digitally Yours" (1999–2004)
  • "A Better Life with Digital" (2002–2004)
  • "Life's Good" (1999–present in Australia and 2004–present in the rest of the world)
  • "Innovation for a Better Life" (2016–present)

See also

  • LG Uplus
  • Tech companies in the New York metropolitan area

Notes

  1. ↑ The logo's symbol has been in use since March 1995.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Lg Financial Statements". LG Electronics. 31 December 2021. https://www.lge.co.kr/company/investor/highlight. 
  2. ↑ "Company Brochure". LG. http://www.lgnewsroom.com/about-lg-electronics/#fndtn-company-brochure. 
  3. ↑ "LG Electronics Honored With 21 CES 2016 Innovation Awards". Cision. 10 November 2015. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lg-electronics-honored-with-21-ces-2016-innovation-awards-300176182.html. 
  4. ↑ www.etnews.com (2008-03-24). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). https://www.etnews.com/200803210022?SNS=00002. 
  5. ↑ "About LG: History — Advancement and Innovation 1970–1994". LG's official website. https://www.lgcorp.com/about/history/2. 
  6. ↑ "LG Semicon Sale Is Seen Helping LG Electronics". The Wall Street Journal. 16 March 1999. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB921519779406968101. 
  7. ↑ "Global market share held by LCD TV manufacturers from 2008 to 2013". Statista. http://www.statista.com/statistics/267095/global-market-share-of-lcd-tv-manufacturers. 
  8. ↑ "The 100 Top Brands 2006". BusinessWeek. http://bwnt.businessweek.com/brand/2006. 
  9. ↑ "LG.com". http://uk.lge.com/ir/html/ABboards.do?action=read&group_code=AB&list_code=PRE_MENU&seq=5458&page=1&target=pressreleases_read.jsp. 
  10. ↑ Fingas, Jon (26 October 2012). "LG's 84-inch 4K TV goes on sale in the US for $19,999, home mortgage optional". https://www.engadget.com/2012/10/26/lg-84-inch-4k-tv-goes-on-sale-in-the-us-for-19999/. 
  11. ↑ "Philips, LG Electronics, 4 others fined 1.47 billion Euros for EU cartel". The Economic Times. 5 December 2012. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/philips-lg-electronics-4-others-fined-1-47-billion-euros-for-eu-cartel/articleshow/17493208.cms. 
  12. ↑ Moreno, Rosa (11 June 2015). "Lost hands making flatscreens, no help from LG". https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/11/lost-hands-making-flatscreens-no-help. 
  13. ↑ "LG Electronics completes relocation of European HQ to Eschborn in Germany". The Korea Herald. 21 July 2016. https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160721000729. 
  14. ↑ "Class-action lawsuit targets LG over legendary G4, V10 bootloop issues". 16 March 2017. https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/03/class-action-lawsuit-targets-lg-over-legendary-g4-v10-bootloop-issues/. 
  15. ↑ "#45 Koo Bon-joon". Forbes. 6 June 2018. https://www.forbes.com/profile/koo-bon-joon/#6974e0d55e32. 
  16. ↑ Ji-yoon, Lee (10 July 2018). "LG's Koo Bon-joon prepares to depart". The Investor. https://www.theinvestor.co.kr/view.php?ud=20180710000687. 
  17. ↑ "LG Chair Koo Bon-moo, Who Ran Company for 23 Years, Dies at 73". Fortune. 20 May 2018. https://fortune.com/2018/05/20/koo-bon-moo-lg-dies/. 
  18. ↑ "LG replaces the head of its struggling mobile business after just one year". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/lg-replaces-the-head-of-its-struggling-mobile-business-after-just-one-year/. 
  19. ↑ Park, Ju-min (25 April 2019). "LG Electronics to shut South Korea phone plant, move production to Vietnam". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lg-elec-mobile-idUSKCN1S104K. 
  20. ↑ "It's official: LG is exiting the smartphone business". 2021-04-04. https://www.androidcentral.com/its-official-lg-exiting-smartphone-business. 
  21. ↑ 주, 경돈 (2021-04-05). "(LEAD) LG Electronics exits from loss-making mobile biz" (in en). https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210405001651320. 
  22. ↑ Porter, Jon (2021-04-04). "LG confirms it's getting out of the smartphone business" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/4/22346084/lg-exits-smartphone-business. 
  23. ↑ "LG Mobile Division withdraws from business" (in en-US). 2021-04-05. https://programmingnation.in/2021/04/05/lg-mobile-division-withdraws-from-business/. 
  24. ↑ "Bribes & Manipulation: LG Wants to Control Our Editorial Direction". Hardware Unboxed. 11 June 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5DuXeqnA-w. 
  25. ↑ Bonifacic, I (2021-11-26). "LG appoints new CEO to lead its beleaguered electronics division". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/lg-electronics-appoints-ceo-william-cho-202902514.html. 
  26. ↑ "LG Electronics acquires South Korean EV charger maker Apple Mango" (in en-US). 2022-06-28. https://www.electrive.com/2022/06/28/lg-acquires-ev-charger-maker-applemango-in-south-korea/. 
  27. ↑ "LG Expands Reach in EV Charging Industry With Latest Acquisition". 27 June 2022. https://hypebeast.com/2022/6/lg-applemango-ev-charging-business-acquisition. 
  28. ↑ No Surname, Devin (2022-06-12). "LG Electronics ranked 'most reliable' appliance brand: Consumer Reports". Arirang. http://www.arirang.com/news/News_View.asp?nseq=301120. 
  29. ↑ Ropek, Lucas (11 April 2024). "Thousands of LG Smart TVs have security bugs that could let hackers hijack them" (in en). Quartz. Gizmodo. https://qz.com/lg-smart-tvs-devices-security-bugs-hackers-1851402127. 
  30. ↑ Chang-won, Lim (2021-12-29). "LG Electronics expands unmanned stores to cope with growing demands for contactless shopping". Aju Business Daily. https://www.ajudaily.com/view/20211229133421049. 
  31. ↑ "Former N.J. governors ask LG to rethink plan for high-rise HQ along the Palisades". NJ.com. 7 June 2013. https://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2013/06/former_nj_mayors_ask_lg_to_rethink_plan_for_high-rise_hq_along_the_palisades.html#incart_river_default. 
  32. ↑ "LG supporters looking for Gov. Christie's help in fight over high-rise HQ on the Palisades". The Star-Ledger. 3 July 2013. https://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2013/07/lg_supporters_looking_for_gov_christies_help_in_fight_over_high-rise_hq_on_the_palisades.html#incart_river_default. 
  33. ↑ "THE CLOISTERS AND PALISADES – World Monuments Fund". Wmf.org. 8 October 2013. https://www.wmf.org/project/cloisters-and-palisades. 
  34. ↑ Alana Quartuccio (3 September 2013). "Study Predicts Englewood Cliffs LG Project Will Bring Huge Revenue Boost". Englewood-EnglewoodCliffs Patch. http://englewood.patch.com/groups/business-news/p/study-predicts-englewood-cliffs-lg-project-will-bring-huge-revenue-boost. 
  35. ↑ Sullivan, S. P. (7 June 2013). "Former N.J. governors ask LG to rethink plan for high-rise HQ along the Palisades". NJ.com. https://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2013/06/former_nj_mayors_ask_lg_to_rethink_plan_for_high-rise_hq_along_the_palisades.html#incart_river_default. 
  36. ↑ Sullivan, S. P. (3 July 2013). "LG supporters looking for Gov. Christie's help in fight over high-rise HQ on the Palisades". NJ.com. https://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2013/07/lg_supporters_looking_for_gov_christies_help_in_fight_over_high-rise_hq_on_the_palisades.html#incart_river_default. 
  37. ↑ Ma, Myles (14 November 2013). "Opponents protest as LG celebrates start of work on Englewood Cliffs headquarters". NJ.com. https://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2013/11/lg_celebrates_start_of_work_on_englewood_cliffs_headquarters_opponents_protest.html. 
  38. ↑ "The Threat to the Palisades (op-ed)". New York Times. 24 March 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/opinion/the-threat-to-the-palisades.html?ref=opinion. 
  39. ↑ Associated Press (7 April 2014). "NJ conservation groups file briefs opposing LG's planned construction on Palisades". The Star-Ledger. https://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2014/04/nj_conservation_groups_file_court_papers_opposing_electronics_company_building_along_the_palisades.html#incart_river_default. 
  40. ↑ Ma, Myles (7 June 2014). "Senate advances bill banning tall buildings along Palisades". The Star-Ledger. https://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2014/06/bill_banning_tall_buildings_along_palisades_advances_in_nj_senate.html. 
  41. ↑ "NY Comptroller ask LG to consider shorter Englewood Cliffs headquarters". The Star-Ledger. 15 June 2014. https://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2014/06/ny_comptroller_ask_lg_to_consider_shorter_englewood_cliffs_headquarters.html. 
  42. ↑ "LG LED / Smart Tv". http://tvwale.review/?type=LG. 
  43. ↑ Matthew McGrath (30 March 2016). "Englewood Cliffs board to consider new zoning for LG Electronics site". NorthJersey.com, part of the USA Today network. http://archive.northjersey.com/news/englewood-cliffs-board-to-consider-new-zoning-for-lg-electronics-site-1.1534762. 
  44. ↑ Michael W. Curley Jr. (7 February 2017). "LG breaks ground on Englewood Cliffs HQ". NorthJersey.com, part of the USA Today network. https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/bergen/englewood-cliffs/2017/02/07/lg-breaks-ground-englewood-cliffs-hq/97400212/. 
  45. ↑ "LG Televisions". https://www.lg.com/uk/tvs-soundbars/all-tvs/. 
  46. ↑ "LG Hotel and Hospitality". https://www.lg-informationdisplay.com/product/commercial-tv/hotel-tv. 
  47. ↑ "LG Soundbars". https://www.lg.com/uk/speakers/soundbars/. 
  48. ↑ "LG Hi-Fi". https://www.lg.com/uk/speakers/hi-fi-system/. 
  49. ↑ "LG XBoom". https://www.lg.com/uk/speakers/xboom-go/. 
  50. ↑ "LG supplies Genesis". https://www.lg.com/global/newsroom/news/vehicle-component-solutions/lg-to-supply-its-automotive-content-platform-to-hyundai-motor-groups-luxury-genesis-brand/. 
  51. ↑ "LG Automotive". https://www.lg.com/global/mobility/automotive-display. 
  52. ↑ Trenholm, Rich (7 September 2009). "LG SL8000, SL9000, LH9000 and LH9500: TVs without borders | CNET UK". Crave.cnet.co.uk. http://crave.cnet.co.uk/televisions/0,39029474,49303569,00.htm?s_cid=33. 
  53. ↑ "LG's 77- and 65-inch Curved 4K Ultra HD OLED TVs are coming to the UK". Pocket-lint. 26 June 2014. https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lgs-77-65-inch-curved-4k-ultra-hd-212800999.html#aGcFcrs. 
  54. ↑ Lee, Min-Jeong (28 May 2014). "At LG, More Bendable TVs Lie Straight Ahead". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/articles/at-lg-more-bendable-tvs-lie-straight-ahead-1401297785?KEYWORDS=lg&cb=logged0.009054038673639297. 
  55. ↑ "DoctorBeet's Blog: LG Smart TVs logging USB filenames and viewing info to LG servers". Doctorbeet.blogspot.fr. 18 November 2013. https://doctorbeet.blogspot.fr/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb-filenames-and.html. 
  56. ↑ Goodin, Dan (19 November 2013). "Smart TVs from LG phones home with user's viewing habits, USB file names". https://arstechnica.com/security/2013/11/smart-tv-from-lg-phones-home-with-users-viewing-habits-usb-file-names/. 
  57. ↑ Stevens, Tim (26 August 2010). "Hillcrest Labs brings LG's Magic Motion remote to life, cheekily points out that Sony uses it, too.". https://www.engadget.com/2010/08/26/hillcrest-labs-brings-lgs-magic-motion-remote-control-to-live//. 
  58. ↑ Greek, Dinah (24 January 2012). "Dragon brings voice control to smart TVs and set-top boxes". Computeractive. http://www.computeractive.co.uk/ca/news/2140928/dragon-brings-voice-control-smart-tvs-set-boxes. 
  59. ↑ "LG's webOS 2.0 TVs are coming to CES". 17 December 2014. https://www.theverge.com/2014/12/17/7413221/lg-webos-2-0. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Pak, Nataly (17 June 2016). "LG Electronics sells mosquito repellant TV in India". Reuters. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lg-elec-mosquitotv-idUSKCN0Z30F2. 
  61. ↑ "LG Plans to Sell TVs That Roll Up Like Posters in 2019". Bloomberg. 18 December 2018. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-18/lg-is-said-to-plan-selling-tvs-that-roll-up-like-posters-in-2019. 
  62. ↑ "LG is quitting the smartphone business". 4 April 2021. https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/4/22346084/lg-exits-smartphone-business. 
  63. ↑ "LG closes down mobile phone business, here is what will happen to existing LG phone users". 5 April 2021. https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/lg-closes-down-mobile-phone-business-here-is-what-will-happen-to-existing-lg-phone-users-1787177-2021-04-05. 
  64. ↑ "Nobody wants to buy LG's phone business". 22 March 2021. https://www.androidpolice.com/2021/03/22/nobody-wants-to-buy-lgs-phone-business/. 
  65. ↑ "Report: LG considers shutting down mobile division after sale talks fall through". https://www.gsmarena.com/report_lg_considers_shutting_down_mobile_division_after_sale_talks_fall_through-news-48319.php. 
  66. ↑ "LG G pad series". Android central. 12 May 2014. https://www.androidcentral.com/lg-unveils-trio-new-g-pad-tablets. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 (in ko). 2021-04-05. https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2021040512562495445. 
  68. ↑ "LG — сетевое оборудование из Кореи! | КомпьютерПресс" (in ru). https://compress.ru/article.aspx?id=10923%20https:/www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/2975_lg-calls-for-a-pitch. 
  69. ↑ "CDMA Mobile Phones". http://www.lge.com/eng/product/e_ci/eng_ci_1.shtml. 
  70. ↑ "Nokia Tube, RIM Storm and LG Renoir: three new touchscreen big hitters" (in en). https://rethinkresearch.biz/articles/nokia-tube-rim-storm-and-lg-renoir-three-new-touchscreen-big-hitters/. 
  71. ↑ 기자), 양종석 (전자신문 (2008-07-15). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). https://www.sisajournal.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=123707. 
  72. ↑ "LG Optimus 3D review" (in en). 2011-07-06. https://www.techradar.com/reviews/phones/mobile-phones/lg-optimus-3d-930902/review. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 "LG mobile phone song finally exits: goodbye my "chocolate"" (in en-US). 2021-04-12. https://iphonewired.com/industry/105179/. 
  74. ↑ "Happy birthday: The Google Nexus 4 is 10 years old" (in en). 2022-11-14. https://www.androidpolice.com/google-nexus-4-turns-10-retrospective/. 
  75. ↑ "LG G Flex appears on the FCC with AT&T-friendly LTE". 15 November 2013. https://www.engadget.com/2013/11/15/lg-g-flex-att-lte/. 
  76. ↑ "LG G Flex announced with vertically curved 6-inch 720p screen, 'self-repairing' back cover". 28 October 2013. https://www.engadget.com/2013/10/27/lg-g-flex/. 
  77. ↑ "LG G Flex coming to AT&T, Sprint, and T-Mobile this winter". The Verge. 6 January 2014. https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/6/5279814/lg-g-flex-launching-att-sprint-t-mobile. 
  78. ↑ "G4 release date". CNET. http://www.cnet.com/products/lg-g4/. 
  79. ↑ "LG V20 unveiled with Android 7.0 Nougat, dual rear cameras and secondary screen". 7 September 2016. https://www.mobigyaan.com/lg-v20-unveiled. 
  80. ↑ "LG G6 officially announced: everything you need to know". 26 February 2017. https://www.androidauthority.com/lg-g6-release-date-price-specs-features-738704/. 
  81. ↑ Reisinger, Don (11 April 2018). "LG Confirms Media Briefing to Introduce G7 ThinQ Android Smartphone". eWeek. http://www.eweek.com/mobile/lg-confirms-media-briefing-to-introduce-g7-thinq-android-smartphone. 
  82. ↑ "LG to pull out of mobile phone market" (in en). 2021-04-05. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/apr/05/lg-to-pull-out-of-mobile-phone-market. 
  83. ↑ Shah, S. (2021-04-05). "LG confirms it's shutting down its mobile business". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/lg-mobile-worldwide-shutdown-020959355.html. 
  84. ↑ "Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014". Android Authority. 25 June 2014. http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/. 
  85. ↑ "This Is LG's New Round-Face Smartwatch: The G Watch R". Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/lg-g-watch-r-photo-2014-8. 
  86. ↑ "LG Watch Urbane review". CNET. http://www.cnet.com/products/lg-watch-urbane/. 
  87. ↑ "LG's new Rolly wireless keyboard turns into a pocket stick". The Verge. 27 August 2015. https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/27/9213551/lg-rolly-keyboard-announced. 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 "LG Rolls Out Premium Smart Appliances that Chat". http://www.lg.com/ae/press-release/lg-rolls-out-premium-smart-appliances-that-chat. 
  89. ↑ Chang-won, Lim (2021-12-30). "LG Electronics allowed to develop eco-friendly liquid CO
    2     washer"    . Aju Business Daily. https://www.ajudaily.com/view/20211230133423844.     
  90. ↑ "LG Labs". https://www.lg.com/global/ces2024-lglabs/. 
  91. ↑ Sharma, Bharat (10 January 2024). "New LG Bon Voyage Trailer is Feature-Packed as Tiny House on Wheels". https://www.homecrux.com/lg-bon-voyage-trailer/229172/. 
  92. ↑ Sharma, Atish (5 February 2024). "Sung-Gul Hwang: The Man Designing LG's Future as it Extends Technology Beyond Homes". https://www.homecrux.com/interview-sung-gul-hwang-lg-design-head/232693/. 
  93. ↑ "LG supplies Genesis". https://www.lg.com/global/newsroom/news/vehicle-component-solutions/lg-to-supply-its-automotive-content-platform-to-hyundai-motor-groups-luxury-genesis-brand/. 
  94. ↑ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021". https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2021.pdf. 
  95. ↑ World Intellectual Property Organization (2020). World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020. World IP Indicators (WIPI). World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). doi:10.34667/tind.42184. ISBN 9789280532012. https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4526. Retrieved 2021-08-26. 
  96. ↑ "PCT Yearly Review 2024". p. 39. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-901-2024-en-patent-cooperation-treaty-yearly-review-2024.pdf. 
  97. ↑ "Hague Yearly Review 2024". https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-930-2024-en-hague-yearly-review-2024.pdf. 
  98. ↑ "Company Overview of LG Sports Ltd.". Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=37257025. 
  99. ↑ "Korean pro baseball league a hit with fans". Stars and Stripes. 28 April 2014. https://korea.stripes.com/travel/korean-pro-baseball-league-hit-fans. 
  100. ↑ "Commercial Partners of the International Cricket Council (ICC)". icc-cricket.yahoo.net. http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/the-icc/about_the_organisation/partners.php. 
  101. ↑ "The Official Formula 1 Website". Formula One. 26 November 2008. https://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2008/11/8739.html. 
  102. ↑ "Welcome hotcellularphone.com". hotcellularphone.com. http://hotcellularphone.com/lg/lg-extends-formula-1-reach-virgin-racing/. 
  103. ↑ "London's first ever snow and music festival strengthens LG's corporate sponsorship portfolio". Prlog.org. https://www.prlog.org/10129577-londons-first-ever-snow-and-music-festival-strengthens-lgs-corporate-sponsorship-portfolio.html. 
  104. ↑ "FSO4 Freeze, Sponsored by LG, Snowboard and Music Festival". Londonfreeze.com. http://www.londonfreeze.com/index.php. 
  105. ↑ "Electronics giant LG drops David Warner as brand ambassador". 28 March 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/mar/28/electronics-giant-lg-drops-david-warner-as-brand-ambassador. 
  106. ↑ "LG drops sponsorship of disgraced Aussie cricketer Warner". South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/sport/other-sport/article/2139269/lg-drops-sponsorship-disgraced-david-warner-amid-australia-cricket. 
  107. ↑ Scroll Staff. "LG Electronics decides to not renew contract with David Warner after ball-tampering scandal". Scroll.in. https://scroll.in/field/873579/lg-electronics-decides-to-not-renew-contract-with-david-warner-after-ball-tampering-scandal. 
  108. ↑ Gray, Darren (28 March 2018). "LG decides 'not to renew' David Warner sponsorship". https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/lg-decides-not-to-renew-david-warner-sponsorship-20180328-p4z6pj.html. 
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 "CHOICE exposes false energy claims by major fridge manufacturer, LG, for its GC-L197NFS". CHOICE. http://www.choice.com.au/Life-Stage/Green-living/Green%20products%20and%20appliances/LG-greenwash/page/Uncool%20claims.aspx. 
  110. ↑ "Allergy Standards Ltd announce that LG Styler has met the scientific requirements for the asthma & allergy® friendly Certification Standards" (Press release). Allergy Standards Limited. 12 March 2018 – via GlobeNewswire.
  111. ↑ "Vizag, LG Polymers plant, hit by gas leak, be shifted, suggests committee". 7 July 2020. https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/vizag-lg-polymers-plant-hit-by-gas-leak-be-shifted-suggests-committee-11594104303394.html. 



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