Earth:Coyote Butte Limestone

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Coyote Butte Limestone
Stratigraphic range: Sakmarian (Wolfcampian)-Kungurian
~296–273 Ma
TypeFormation
Lithology
PrimaryLimestone
OtherSandstone
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 43°58′N 119°44′W / 43.96°N 119.74°W / 43.96; -119.74
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 17°54′N 38°48′W / 17.9°N 38.8°W / 17.9; -38.8
RegionCrook County, Oregon
CountryUnited States
ExtentIsolated buttes (Coyote & Tuckers) south
and north (Triangulation Hill) of Grindstone & Twelvemile Creeks, Crook County, Oregon
Type section
Named forCoyote Butte
Named byMerriam & Berthiaume
Year defined1943
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The Coyote Butte Limestone (OR085) is a geologic formation in Oregon. It preserves fossils dating back to the Sakmarian to Kungurian stages of the Permian period,[1] spanning an estimated 23 million years.[2][3] The formation occurs in isolated buttes to the north; Triangulation Hill, and south; type locality and name giver Coyote Butte and Tuckers Butte, on either side of the Grindstone and Twelvemile Creeks in Crook County, Oregon.[4]

Description

The Coyote Butte Formation is represented by isolated limestone hills (0.1 to 2.0 square kilometres (0.039 to 0.772 sq mi) in area), of which most appear to have the same stratigraphic and biostratigraphic sequence and appear to be right-side-up. The resistant limestone blocks stand above the surrounding rocks of the "melange." The Coyote Butte Formation represents shallow-water carbonate-platform deposition and contains a varied faunal assemblage of corals, bryozoans, algae, fusulinids, brachiopods, crinoids, and conodonts.[5]

"The Permian Coyote Butte Formation is dated by conodonts, fusulinids, and brachiopods as Aktastinian, Leonardian, and Roadian (stages of Furnish, 1973). The formation shows remarkable similarity in age, fauna, and sedimentation to the limestones near Quinn River Crossing, Nevada. The Paleozoic limestone blocks rest among oceanic-derived blocks that are probably early Mesozoic in age. To imply that the limestone belonged to the same tectonic-sedimentary package as the oceanic sediments (Dickinson and Thayer, 1978) seems precluded. The limestones contain volcaniclastic sand (Dickinson and Thayer, 1978, p. 152), indicating probable local presence of volcanics during deposition. Because the outcrops of the Coyote Butte Formation appear to all be stratigraphically right-side-up, the "melange" is not as chaotic as proposed by Dickinson and Thayer (1978); it has some order.

Also, it would be hard to imagine the Coyote Butte Formation as deposited as local limestone in a volcanic island chain and then admixed to the deformed oceanic sediments while maintaining its stratigraphic integrity.

It is easier to imagine the Coyote Butte Formation as being introduced as a late-stage structural event to deforming oceanic sediments in Mesozoic time. This implies that the other Paleozoic rocks would be similar late-stage introductions to the "melange." Whether the Coyote Butte Formation represents the remnants of a large olistostrome (gravity slide block) or thrust block or blocks that maintained stratigraphic integrity is difficult to resolve, given the poor exposures in the Coyote Butte area.

Because the Coyote Butte Formation is so similar to rocks found near Quinn River Crossing, it is suggestive that the rocks belong to a larger mass of shelfal limestones, parts of which are now found at several scattered localities."[1]

Paleogeographic situation

Climate

Tectonics

The 23 million year deposition coincided with impact of the Clearwater West crater, dated at 286.2 ± 2.6 million years ago.[6][7]

  • Paleogeography of the Early Permian, 280 Ma
    Paleogeography of the Early Permian, 280 Ma
  • Location of the Alleghanian mountain chains in the Carboniferous period, just before the Permian
    Location of the Alleghanian mountain chains in the Carboniferous period, just before the Permian
  • Clearwater Lakes in Quebec, the larger West crater dated to 286.2 ± 2.6 Ma
    Clearwater Lakes in Quebec, the larger West crater dated to 286.2 ± 2.6 Ma

Paleontological significance

Fossil content

Among others, the following fossils have been reported from the formation:[2]

Brachiopods

Trilobites

Cummingella belisama

Rostroconchia

  • Conocardiida
    • Conocardiidae
      • Arceodomus sphairikos[9]

Gastropods

Polyplacophora

Corals

  • Cystolonsdaleia berthiaumi[10]
  • Petalaxis occidentalis[10]
  • Wilsonastraea ochocoensis[10]
  • Protowentzelella sp.[10]

Correlations

Geologic correlations

Faunal correlations

  • A fossil of Seymouria baylorensis displayed at the National Museum of Natural History
    A fossil of Seymouria baylorensis displayed at the National Museum of Natural History
  • Ophiacodon widespread in Early Permian North America[note 2]
    Ophiacodon widespread in Early Permian North America[note 2]
  • Callibrachion from Black Shales of Autun, near Margenne (Artinskian France)
    Callibrachion from Black Shales of Autun, near Margenne (Artinskian France)

See also

Sources

Notes

  1. ↑ Oklahoma, Texas, Brazil and Zambia
  2. ↑ Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah: Cutler Formation ; Kansas: Fort Riley, Chase Group ; Ohio: Greene Formation, Dunkard Group,[11] Oklahoma: Clyde & Wellington Formations, Texas: Admiral, Belle Plains & Clyde Formations, Wichita Group

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wardlaw et al., 1982, p.15
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Coyote Butte Formation at Fossilworks.org
  3. ↑ Coyote Butte Formation at USGS
  4. ↑ Wardlaw et al., 1982, p.14
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Wardlaw1982-p13
  6. ↑ Bottomley et al., 1990
  7. ↑ Schmieder et al., 2014
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 Cooper, 1957
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Hanger et al., 2000
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Merriam, 1942
  11. ↑ John J. Stephens, Ophiacodon aus Ohio

Bibliography



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