Earth:Itaboraian

The Itaboraian (Portuguese: Itaboraiense) age is a period within the Early Eocene geologic time (53.0–50.0 Ma) epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically with South American land mammal ages (SALMA). It follows the Riochican and precedes the Casamayoran age.

Etymology

This age is named after the Itaboraí Formation in the Itaboraí Basin in Itaboraí, a Greater Rio municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil not very far away from Niterói.

Formations

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Locations of Itaboraian formations

Formation bold is type	Country	Basin	Notes
Itaboraí Formation	Brazil	Itaboraí Basin
Bogotá Formation	Colombia	Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Cerrejón Formation	Colombia	Cesar-Ranchería Basin
Chota Formation	Peru	Bagua Basin
Koluel Kaike Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin
Las Flores Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin
Maíz Gordo Formation	Argentina	Salta Basin
Mogollón Formation	Peru	Talara & Tumbes Basins
Muñani Formation	Peru	Altiplano Basin

Fossils

Group	Fossils	Formation	Notes
Mammals	Asmithwoodwardia scotti, Austropediomys marshalli, Bergqvistherium primigenia, Bobbschaefferia fluminensis, Camargomendesia pristina, Carodnia vieirai, Carolocoutoia ferigoloi, Carolopaulacoutoia itaboraiensis, Colbertia magellanica, Derorhynchus singularis, Didelphopsis cabrerai, Eobrasilia coutoi, Epidolops ameghinoi, Gashternia carioca, Gaylordia macrocynodonta, Gaylordia mater, Guggenheimia brasiliensis, Guggenheimia crocheti, Homalostylops atavus, Itaboraidelphys camposi, Lamegoia conodonta, Marmosopsis juradoi, Miguelsoria parayirunhor, Minusculodelphis minimus, M. modicum, Mirandatherium alipioi, Monodelphopsis travassosi, Palaeocladosictis mosesi, Paranisolambda prodromus, Patene simpsoni, Periprotodidelphis bergqvistae, Procaroloameghinia pricei, Protodidelphis mastodontoides, P. vanzolinii, Protolipterna ellipsodontoides, Ricardocifellia protocenica, Riolestes capricornicus, Riostegotherium yanei, Tetragonostylops apthomasi, Victorlemoinea prototypica, Xenodelphis doelloi, Zeusdelphys complicatus, ?Arminiheringia sp., Henricosbornia sp., Australidelphia indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Didelphidae indet., Didolodontidae indet., Herpetotheriidae indet., Microbiotheriidae indet., Notoungulata indet., Paucituberculata indet., Pediomyidae indet., Peradectidae indet., Polydolopidae indet., Protodidelphidae indet.	Itaboraí
	Ernestokokenia yirunhor, Gashternia ctalehor, Henricosbornia waitehor, Seudenius cteronc, Shecenia ctirneru, ?Isotemnus ctalego, ?Peripantostylops orehor, ?Polydolops kamektsen, Kibenikhoria sp., Archaeopithecidae indet., Borhyaenidae indet., ?Litopterna indet., ?Notostylopidae indet.	Koluel Kaike
	Anisolambda sp., Antepithecus sp., Asmithwoodwardia sp., Bardalestes sp., Bobbschaefferia sp., Camargomendesia sp., Carolopaulacoutoia sp., Colbertia sp., Derorhynchus sp., Didelphopsis sp., Epidolops sp., Ernestokokenia sp., Gashternia sp., Guggenheimia crocheti, Henricosbornia sp., Isotemnus sp., Itaboraitherium sp., Kibenikhoria sp., Marmosopsis sp., Mirandatherium sp., Monodelphopsis sp., Peripantostylops sp., Polydolops sp., Procaroloameghinia pricei, Protodidelphis sp., Shecenia sp., Trigonostylops sp., Victorlemoinea sp., Woodburnodon sp., Ceratodontidae indet., ?Patene indet.	Las Flores
	Carodnia inexpectans	Mogollón
	Chulpasia mattaueri, Peradectes austrinum, Perutherium altiplanense, Sillustania quechuense, Umayodus raimondi, Didelphidae indet., ?Didolodontidae indet., Notoungulata sp., Pediomyidae indet., Proteutheria indet.	Muñani
Birds	Diogenornis fragilis, Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis, Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides, Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensis	Itaboraí
	Latidae indet., Siluriformes indet., Tetragonopterinae indet.	Muñani
Reptiles & amphibians	Acherontisuchus guajiraensis, Anthracosuchus balrogus, Carbonemys cofrinii, Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki, Cerrejonisuchus improcerus, Pelomedusoides sp., Puentemys mushaisaensis, Titanoboa cerrejonensis	Cerrejón
	?Madtsoia sp.	Koluel Kaike
	Notocaiman stromeri	Peñas Coloradas
	Bretesuchus bonapartei	Maíz Gordo
	Apodops pricei, Coniophis cf. precedens, Corallus priscus, Hechtophis austrinus, Hoffstetterella brasiliensis, Itaboraiophis depressus, Madtsoia camposi, Paraungaliophis pricei, Paulacoutophis perplexus, Sahitisuchus fluminensis, Waincophis cameratus, Waincophis pressulus, Xenopus romeri, ? Russellophiidae indet.	Itaboraí
	Lorosuchus nodosus, Pelomedusoides cf. argentinensis	Río Loro
	cf. Coniophis sp., ?Roxochelys vilavilensis, Crocodylia indet., ?Leptodactylidae indet.	Muñani
Fishes	Dipnoi sp., Elopomorpha sp.	Cerrejón
	Lepidosiren cf. paradoxa, Ceratodus sp.	Muñani
Molluscs	Bulimulus fazendicus	Itaboraí
Flora	Menispina evidens	Bogotá
	Stephania palaeosudamericana	Bogotá, Cerrejón
	Malvaciphyllum macondicus, Petrocardium cerrejonense, Petrocardium wayuuorum	Cerrejón

Correlations

Itaboraian correlations in South America

Basin	Itaboraí	Golfo San Jorge		Salta	Altiplano Basin	Talara & Tumbes	Altiplano Cundiboyacense	Cesar-Ranchería	Itaboraian (South America)
Country	Brazil	Argentina			Peru		Colombia
Carodnia	14px					14px
Gashternia	14px	14px	14px
Henricosbornia	14px	14px	14px
Victorlemoinea	14px	14px
Polydolopimorphia	14px	14px	14px		14px
Birds	10px				10px
Reptiles	10px		10px	10px	10px			10px
Fish					10px			10px
Flora	10px						10px	10px
Environments	Alluvial-lacustrine	Alluvial-fluvial		Fluvio-lacustrine	Lacustrine	Fluvial	Fluvio-deltaic		8px Itaboraian volcanoclastics 8px Itaboraian fauna 8px Itaboraian flora
Volcanic			Yes

References

Bibliography

Itaboraí Formation

• Carneiro, Leonardo M.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2018), "Austropediomys marshalli gen. et sp. nov., a new Pediomyoidea (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Paleogene of Brazil: paleobiogeographic implications", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 21 (2): 120–131, doi:10.4072/rbp.2018.2.03, http://www.sbpbrasil.org/assets/uploads/files/rbp2018203.pdf, retrieved 2018-10-01 
• Carneiro, Leonardo M. (2018), "A new protodidelphid (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) from the Itaboraí Basin and its implications for the evolution of the Protodidelphidae", Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 91 (Suppl. 2), doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820180440, http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/2018nahead/0001-3765-aabc-201820180440.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-11 
• Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Zimicz, Natalia; Goin, Francisco J. (2016), "Taxonomy, affinities, and paleobiology of the tiny metatherian mammal Minusculodelphis, from the early Eocene of South America", The Science of Nature 103 (1–2): 1–6, doi:10.1007/s00114-015-1331-2, PMID 26743194, Bibcode: 2016SciNa.103....6O, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289586689, retrieved 2019-02-12 
• De Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Goin, Francisco J. (2015), "A new species of Gaylordia Paula Couto (Mammalia, Metatheria) from Itaboraí, Brazil", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 18 (1): 97–108, doi:10.4072/rbp.2015.1.07, http://www.ppegeo.igc.usp.br/index.php/rbp/article/view/10038/pdf, retrieved 2019-02-13 
• Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2011), "A reassessment of Bunodont Metatherians from the Paleogene of Itaboraí (Brazil): systematics and age of the Itaboraian SALMA", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14 (2): 105–136, doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.2.01, http://www.sbpbrasil.org/revista/edicoes/14_2/Artigo01.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15 
• Salvador, R.B.; Simone, L.R.L. (2013), "Taxonomic revision of the fossil pulmonate mollusks of Itaboraí Basin (Paleocene), Brazil", Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 53 (2): 5–46, http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paz/v53n2/v53n2a01.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-01 

Bogotá Formation

• Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), "Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267637673, retrieved 2017-03-29 
• Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20 
• Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104 

Cerrejón Formation

• Ayala Calvo, Rosa Carolina (2009), Análisis tectonoestratigráfico y de procedencia en la Subcuenca de Cesar: Relación con los sistemas petroleros (MSc.), Universidad Simón Bolívar, pp. 1–255, http://www.cgares.org/Directorio/Archivos/6276_8%20tesis%20final_cayala.pdf.pdf, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Cadena, Edwin A.; Schweitzer, Mary H. (2014), "A Pelomedusoid Turtle from the Paleocene–Eocene of Colombia Exhibiting Preservation of Blood Vessels and Osteocytes", Journal of Herpetology 48 (4): 461–465, doi:10.1670/13-046, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278326486, retrieved 2019-02-12 
• Cadena, Edwin A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2012a), "New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body size evolution", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (2): 313–331, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569031, Bibcode: 2012JSPal..10..313C, http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/STRI-W_Jaramillo_2012_Cadena_carbonemys_cerrejon.pdf, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2012b), "New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia", Journal of Paleontology 86 (4): 688–698, doi:10.1666/11-128R1.1, Bibcode: 2012JPal...86..688C, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/new-bothremydid-turtle-testudines-pleurodira-from-the-paleocene-of-northeastern-colombia/7648D30CCCD6BC3A50515E4B7AF31603, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2010), "New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (2): 367–382, doi:10.1080/02724631003621946, Bibcode: 2010JVPal..30..367C, http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1080/02724631003621946, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2014), "A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia", Historical Biology 27 (8): 998–1020, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.918968, Bibcode: 2015HBio...27..998H, http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Hasting_2014_anthracosuchus_Cerrejon.pdf, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2011), "A new longirostrine Dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of north-eastern Colombia: Biogeographocal and behavioural implications for New-World Dyrosayridae", Palaeontology 54: 1095–1116, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01092.x, http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/STRI-W_Jaramillo_2011_Hasting_croc_Cerrejon.pdf, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Head, J.J.; Bloch, J.I.; Hastings, A.K.; Bourque, J.R.; Cadena, E.A.; Herrera, F.A.; Polly, P.D.; Jaramillo, C.A. (2009), "Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures", Nature 457 (7230): 715–718, doi:10.1038/nature07671, PMID 19194448, Bibcode: 2009Natur.457..715H, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v457/n7230/abs/nature07671.html, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Herrera, Fabiany A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Dilcher, David L.; Wing, Scott L.; Gómez N, Carolina (2008), "Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia", American Journal of Botany 95 (12): 1569–1583, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800172, PMID 21628164, http://www.amjbot.org/content/95/12/1569, retrieved 2017-06-14  * Hernández, Marina (2003), Geología de la Plancha 48 La Jagua de Ibírico - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–102 
• Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bayona, Germán; Pardo Trujillo, Andres; Rueda, Milton; Torres, Vladimir; Harrington, Guy J.; Mora, Germán (2007), "The palynology of the Cerrejón Formation (Upper Paleocene) of northern Colombia", Palynology 31 (1): 153–189, doi:10.2113/gspalynol.31.1.153, Bibcode: 2007Paly...31..153J, http://palynology.geoscienceworld.org/content/gspalynol/31/1/153.full.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15 
• Ojeda Marulanda, Carolina; Sánchez Quiñónez, Carlos Alberto (2013), "Petrografía, petrología y análisis de procedencia de unidades paleógenas en las cuencas Cesar - Ranchería y Catatumbo", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander 35: 67–80, http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/boge/v35n1/v35n1a06.pdf, retrieved 2017-06-14 
• Wing, Scott L.; Herrera, Fabiany; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Gómez Navarro, Carolina; Wilf, Peter; Labandeira, Conrad C. (2009), "Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (44): 18627–18632, doi:10.1073/pnas.0905130106, PMID 19833876, Bibcode: 2009PNAS..10618627W 

Chota Formation

• Castro Medina, Walter Fidel (2010), Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), pp. 1–76, http://iiap.org.pe/Archivos/publicaciones/PUBL521.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-04 
• Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281715230, retrieved 2017-08-15 

Las Flores Formation

• Goin, F. J.; Candela, A.M.; Abello, M.A.; Oliveira, E.V. (2009), "Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (4): 867–884, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227668001, retrieved 2019-02-15 
• Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v67n2/v67n2a08.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18 
• Ugalde, Raúl; Bostelmann, Enrique; Oyarzún, José Luis (2013), Stratigraphic review of the Las Flores Formation, Sierra Baguales, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes, GeoSur Conference IV Viña del Mar, pp. 355–358, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264196606, retrieved 2019-02-11 

Koluel Kaike Formation

• Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15 

Maíz Gordo Formation

• Narváez, Paula Liliana (2009), Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de Salta, pp. 1–229, http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/5502/narvaez-tesisd.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18 

Mogollón Formation

• Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Billet, Guillaume; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia; Baby, Patrice; Brusset, Stéphane; Espurt, Nicolas (2015), "A New Carodnia Simpson, 1935 (Mammalia, Xenungulata) from the Early Eocene of Northwestern Peru and a Phylogeny of Xenungulates at Species Level", Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22 (2): 129–140, doi:10.1007/s10914-014-9278-1, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267271471, retrieved 2019-02-13 
• Quispe Alcalá, David Ricardo (2010), Evaluación Geológica de la Formación Mogollón en el Yacimiento Leones – Cuenca Talara (MSc. thesis), Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, pp. 1–87, http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/bitstream/uni/109/1/quispe_ad.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18 

Muñani Formation

• Gelfo, Javier N.; Sigé, Bernard (2011), "A new didolodontid mammal from the late Paleocene–earliest Eocene of Laguna Umayo, Peru", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (4): 665–678, doi:10.4202/app.2010.0067, http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100067.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15 

Peñas Coloradas Formation

• Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Emily et al. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations", GSA Bulletin 126 (3–4): 289–306, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, Bibcode: 2014GSAB..126..289C, https://ceps.unh.edu/sites/ceps.unh.edu/files/departments/earth_sciences/clyde_et_al._2014.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15 
• Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15 

Río Loro Formation

• Pol, Diego; Powell, Jaime E. (2011), "A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Rio Loro Formation (Palaeocene) of north-western Argentina", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: S7–S36, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00714.x