Earth:Riochican
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The Riochican (Spanish: Riochiquense) age is a period of geologic time within the early Eocene[1] epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically within the South American land mammal ages (SALMA) system.[2] This age is named after the Río Chico Group of Argentina's Golfo San Jorge Basin, and in its broad original definition, the Riochican occupies a wide Paleocene-early Eocene time interval.
The Riochican has subsequently been split up into three narrower faunal zones: the Carodnia zone, Kibenikhoria zone, and Ernestokokenia chaishoer zone. The Carodnia zone is late early Paleocene (Danian) in age, about 62 million years old, and follows the Peligran SALMA age.[3] The Kibenikhoria zone is equivalent to the Itaboraian SALMA age, which is early Eocene (53–50 Ma).[3] Finally, the Ernestokokenia zone (Riochican sensu stricto), at around 49 Ma,[3] precedes the informal "Sapoan" and formal Casamayoran SALMA ages.[4]
Formations
Locations of Riochican formations
| Formation bold is type |
Country | Basin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Río Chico Group |  Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Bogotá Formation |  Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | |
| Bororó Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Chota Formation |  Peru |
Bagua Basin | |
| Koluel Kaike Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Las Flores Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | |
| Maíz Gordo Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | |
| Mealla Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | |
| Mogollón Formation | Peru |
Talara & Tumbes Basins | |
| Muñani Formation | Peru |
Altiplano Basin | |
| Peñas Coloradas Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Río Loro Formation | Argentina |
Sierras Pampeanas | |
| Salamanca Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin |
Fossils
| Group | Fossils | Formation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mammals | Etayoa bacatensis | Bogotá | |
| Brandmayria simpsoni, Ernestokokenia chaishoer, E. ?yirunhor, Isotemnus cf. primitivus, Palangania brandmayri, Anisolambda sp., Henricosbornia sp., Josepholeidya sp., Notopithecus sp., Othnielmarshia sp., Polydolops winecage, Ricardolydekkeria sp., Trigonostylops sp., Victorlemoinea sp., ?Eohyrax sp., ?Nemolestes sp., ?Notostylops sp., ?Pleurostylodon sp., ?Polystylops sp., ?Postpithecus sp., Dasypodidae indet. | Koluel Kaike | ||
| Eoastrapostylops riolorense, Notonychops powelli, Satshatemnus bonapartei | Río Loro | ||
| Reptiles & amphibians |
Testudines indet. | Koluel Kaike | |
| Pelomedusoides sp. | Maíz Gordo | ||
| Lorosuchus nodosus, Pelomedusoides cf. argentinensis | Río Loro | ||
| Fishes | ?Cyprinodon primulus | Maíz Gordo | |
| Insects | Anthicus sepultulus, Austrolibellula noroestenia, Carabites harringtoni, Celinapterix bellissima, Cryptophagus sunchalensis, Curculionites harringtoni, C. jujuyensis, C. magdalinus, C. parastictus, C. stebingeri, C. sunchalicus, C. wielandi, Curviarculia delicata, C. lamasi, Gryllites vocalis, Jujusia maizgorda, Latibasalia elongata, L. quispeae, Lebia harrelli, Ormenis devincta, Otiorhynchites aterrimus, O. crassus, Palaeomacromia multicellulata, Palaeophya argentina, Promegalestes singularis, Tenebrionites inclinans, Thyridates novokschonovi, ?Anthonomus sunchalensis, ?Corizus deflagratus, ?Cossonus devoratus, ?Haruspex defectus, ?Molanna derosa, ?Podabrus santaritensis, ?Trichodes stebingeri | Maíz Gordo | |
| Flora | Banaraphyllum ovatum, Cissites patagonica, Cryptocaryoides mariasantisimensis, Dryophyllum australis, Fagophyllum duseni, Laurophyllum chubutensis, Laurophyllum piatnitzkyi, Myrica premira, Nothofagidites visserensis, Paranymphaea aristolochiaformis, Sterculia acuminataloba, Zizyphus chubutensis | Río Chico | |
| Palmoxylon patagonicum | Bororó | ||
| Cordioxylon prototrichotoma | Peñas Coloradas |
||
| Palmoxylon patagonicum | Salamanca |
References
- ↑ Clyde, W. C.; Wilf, P.; Iglesias, A.; Slingerland, R. L.; Barnum, T.; Bijl, P. K.; Bralower, T. J.; Brinkhuis, H. et al. (2014-03-01). "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Rio Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations" (in en). Geological Society of America Bulletin 126 (3-4): 289–306. doi:10.1130/B30915.1. ISSN 0016-7606. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsabulletin/article/126/3-4/289-306/125989.
- ↑ Paleo Database: Riochican
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Woodburne, Michael O.; Goin, Francisco J.; Raigemborn, Maria Sol; Heizler, Matt; Gelfo, Javier N.; Oliveira, Edison V. (2014). "Revised timing of the South American early Paleogene land mammal ages" (in en). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 54: 109–119. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.05.003. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262807228.
- ↑ Gelfo, Javier N.; García-López, Daniel A.; Bergqvist, Lilian P. (2020-06-17). "Phylogenetic relationships and palaeobiology of a new xenungulate (Mammalia: Eutheria) from the Palaeogene of Argentina" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 (12): 993–1007. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1715496. ISSN 1477-2019. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2020.1715496.
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.240
- ↑ Bayona et al., 2012, p.103
- ↑ Scarfati et al., 2009, p.36
- ↑ Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2
- ↑ Castro Medina, 2010, p.53
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.251
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.249
- ↑ Narváez, 2009, p.24
- ↑ Sánchez & Marquillas, 2010, p.389
- ↑ Quispe Alcalá, 2010, p.21
- ↑ Gelfo & Goin, 2011
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Clyde et al., 2014, p.303
- ↑ Pol & Powell, 2011, S9
- ↑ Quebrada Mochuelo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajo Palangana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajo de la Palangana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Cerro Redondo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Aguas Chiquitas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada del Puesto at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Cadillal Lake at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Sierra Santa Bárbara East at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quebrada El Gritón at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Cuesta Azul at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Fuerte at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Mendieta at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Garabatal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sunchal at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sunchal Station 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cerro Funes at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Visser at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Palmoxylon at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Visser at Fossilworks.org
Bibliography
- Bogotá Formation
- Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), "Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267637673, retrieved 2017-03-29
- Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
- Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104
- Bororó Formation
- Scarfati, L.; Melendi, D.L.; Volkheimer, W. (2009), "A Danian subtropical lacustrine palynobiota from South America (Bororó Formation, San Jorge Basin, Patagonia - Argentina)", Geologica Acta 7: 35–61, http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/viewFile/105.000000270/4275, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Chota Formation
- Castro Medina, Walter Fidel (2010), Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), pp. 1–76, http://iiap.org.pe/Archivos/publicaciones/PUBL521.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-04
- Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281715230, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Las Flores Formation
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Koluel Kaike Formation
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Maíz Gordo Formation
- Narváez, Paula Liliana (2009), Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de Salta, pp. 1–229, http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/5502/narvaez-tesisd.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18
- Mealla Formation
- Sánchez, María Cristina; Marquillas, Rosa A. (2010), "Facies y ambientes del Grupo Salta (Cretácico-Paleógeno) en Tumbaya, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 383–391, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v67n3/v67n3a07.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-07
- Mogollón Formation
- Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Billet, Guillaume; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia; Baby, Patrice; Brusset, Stéphane; Espurt, Nicolas (2015), "A New Carodnia Simpson, 1935 (Mammalia, Xenungulata) from the Early Eocene of Northwestern Peru and a Phylogeny of Xenungulates at Species Level", Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22 (2): 129–140, doi:10.1007/s10914-014-9278-1, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267271471, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Quispe Alcalá, David Ricardo (2010), Evaluación Geológica de la Formación Mogollón en el Yacimiento Leones – Cuenca Talara (MSc. thesis), Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, pp. 1–87, http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/bitstream/uni/109/1/quispe_ad.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18
- Muñani Formation
- Gelfo, Javier N.; Sigé, Bernard (2011), "A new didolodontid mammal from the late Paleocene–earliest Eocene of Laguna Umayo, Peru", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (4): 665–678, doi:10.4202/app.2010.0067, http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100067.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Peñas Coloradas Formation
- Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Emily et al. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations", GSA Bulletin 126 (3–4): 289–306, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, Bibcode: 2014GSAB..126..289C, https://ceps.unh.edu/sites/ceps.unh.edu/files/departments/earth_sciences/clyde_et_al._2014.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Río Loro Formation
- Pol, Diego; Powell, Jaime E. (2011), "A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Rio Loro Formation (Palaeocene) of north-western Argentina", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: S7–S36, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00714.x
- Salamanca Formation
- Apesteguia, Sebastián; Gómez, Raúl O.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2014), "The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 (1792), doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0811, PMID 25143041, PMC 4150314, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264897519, retrieved 2019-03-03
- Bonaparte, J.F.; Morales, J. (1997), "Un primitico Notonychopidae (Litopterna) del paleoceno inferior de Punta Peligro, Chubut, Argentina", Estudios Geológicos 53 (5–6): 263–274, doi:10.3989/egeol.97535-6232, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36033643.pdf, retrieved 2018-10-01
- Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Barnum, Timothy; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk et al. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations", GSA Bulletin 126 (3–4): 289–306, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, Bibcode: 2014GSAB..126..289C, https://ceps.unh.edu/sites/ceps.unh.edu/files/departments/earth_sciences/clyde_et_al._2014.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Jud, Nathan A.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Iglesias, Ari; Wilf, Peter (2017), "Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia", PLOS ONE 12 (5), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176164, PMID 28489895, Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1276164J
- Ruiz, Daniela P.; Brea, Mariana; Raigemborn, M. Sol; Matheos, Sergio D. (2017), "Conifer woods from the Salamanca Formation (early Paleocene), Central Patagonia, Argentina: Paleoenvironmental implications", Journal of South American Earth Sciences 76: 427–445, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2017.04.006, Bibcode: 2017JSAES..76..427R, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316173102, retrieved 2019-02-14
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