Earth:South American land mammal age
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Short description: Geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna
Locations of SALMA type localities
14px Pleistocene ages
14px Pliocene ages
14px Miocene ages
14px Oligocene ages
14px Eocene ages
14px Paleocene ages
14px Pleistocene ages
14px Pliocene ages
14px Miocene ages
14px Oligocene ages
14px Eocene ages
14px Paleocene ages
The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.[1]
The basic unit of measurement is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.
Background
South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today.
Paleogeographic timeline
A simplified paleogeographic timeline of South America:[2]
- 66 Ma – South America was connected to both North America and Antarctica. Soon after this point, it lost its connection to North America.
- 66–50 Ma – Tiupampan to Casamayoran - South America was connected to Antarctica which, in turn, was connected to Australia. The Antarctica–Australia connection was lost around the end of this interval or perhaps as much as 15 million years later.
- 50–34 Ma – Casamayoran to Tinguirirican - South America was connected to Antarctica, which was not yet covered by ice.
- 34 Ma – Tinguirirican - South America and Antarctica became detached and glaciations started to form in Antarctica.
- 34–9 Ma – Tinguirirican to Chasicoan - South America had no land connections to any other continent.
- 9–3 Ma – Huayquerian to Chapadmalalan - islands formed between South and North America. A complete Isthmus of Panama most likely formed near the end of this interval, leading to the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI).
- 3 Ma to present – Uquian to Holocene - the land connection between South and North America is established and migration between the formerly separated continents occurs. Significantly higher rates of extinction due to climatic changes occur in South America compared to North America, resulting in an asymmetrical exchange of species between the continents. North American originating taxa diversify significantly in South America during this period.[3] It was previously believed this asymmetry was due to the main migrational route being from north to south, rather than the opposite way.
- Pleistocene – the glacials and interglacials of the Pleistocene caused drastic eustatic sea level changes, widening and narrowing the land bridge at the 'bottleneck' of Panama. As a side-effect, the vegetation changed during this period of strong climatic changes.
- Late Pleistocene – the earliest humans arrived in South America and settled in various parts of the continent. Evidence for cohabitation with the latest Pleistocene megafauna has been found at multiple locations, such as Monte Verde in coastal Chile and Tibitó on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in Colombia.
Since about 110 million years ago, South America and Africa are detached
Antarctica, Australia and South America were attached as one large isolated paleocontinent for about 15 million years
The Drake Passage, separating South America from Antarctica, was formed since the latest Eocene (~35 Ma)
The paleogeographical history of South America, with the separation from Africa and Antarctica
Definitions
Including some revised age estimates for Paleogene units.[4][5][6]
| Epoch | SALMA | Top age (Ma) | Base age (Ma) | Etymology | Country | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holocene | 0 |
0.011 |
||||
| Late Pleistocene | Lujanian | 0.011 |
0.4 |
Luján Formation |  Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province |
| Mid Pleistocene | Ensenadan | 0.4 |
1.95 |
La Ensenada Formation | Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province |
| Early Pleistocene | Marplatan | 1.95 |
3.3 |
Uquía Formation | Argentina |
Jujuy Province |
| Late Pliocene | Chapadmalalan | 3.3 |
5 |
Chapadmalal Formation | Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province |
| Early Pliocene | Montehermosan | 5.0 |
6.8 |
Monte Hermoso Formation | Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province |
| Late Miocene | ||||||
| Huayquerian | 6.8 |
9.0 |
Huayquerías Formation | Argentina |
Mendoza Province | |
| Chasicoan | 9.0 |
10.0 |
Arroyo Chasicó Formation | Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province | |
| Mayoan | 10.0 |
11.8 |
Río Mayo Formation | Argentina |
Chubut Province | |
| Mid Miocene | Laventan | 11.8 |
13.8 |
La Venta fauna |  Colombia |
Huila Department |
| Colloncuran | 13.8 |
15.5 |
Collón Curá Formation | Argentina |
Neuquén Province | |
| Early Miocene | Friasian | 15.5 |
16.3 |
Río Frías Formation |  Chile |
Aysén Region |
| Santacrucian | 16.3 |
17.5 |
Santa Cruz Formation | Argentina |
Santa Cruz Province | |
| Colhuehuapian | 17.5 |
21.0 |
Colhué Huapí Member | Argentina |
Chubut Province | |
| Deseadan | 21.0 |
29.0 |
Deseado Formation | Argentina |
Santa Cruz Province | |
| Late Oligocene | ||||||
| Early Oligocene | Tinguirirican | 29.0 |
36.0 |
Tinguiririca fauna | Chile |
O'Higgins Region |
| Late Eocene | ||||||
| Late Eocene | Divisaderan | ? |
? |
Divisadero Largo Formation | Argentina |
Mendoza Province |
| Middle Eocene | Mustersan | 36.0 |
38.0 |
Lake Musters | Argentina |
Chubut Province |
| Casamayoran | 38.0 |
48.0 |
Casamayor Formation | Argentina |
Santa Cruz Province | |
| Early Eocene | Riochican | ~49.0 |
~49.0 |
Río Chico Group | Argentina |
Chubut Province |
| Itaboraian | 50.0 |
53.0 |
Itaboraí Formation |  Brazil |
Rio de Janeiro State | |
| Late Paleocene | ||||||
| Mid Paleocene | ||||||
| Early Paleocene | Peligran | 63.2 |
63.8 |
Punta Peligro | Argentina |
Chubut Province |
| Tiupampan | 63.8 |
64.5 |
Tiupampa |  Bolivia |
Cochabamba Department | |
Cenozoic fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South America
The following formations have provided vertebrate, insect or plant fossils, formations with other invertebrates are excluded:
| SALMA | Formations | Country | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lujanian | Luján Formation | Argentina |
Salado Basin | |
| Chaco Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile |
Calama Basin | ||
| Dolores Formation |  Uruguay |
Norte Basin | ||
| El Palmar Formation | Argentina |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Fortin Tres Pozos Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Los Hoyos beds | Colombia |
Upper Magdalena Valley | ||
| La Huaca Formation |  Peru |
Sechura Basin | ||
| La Invernada Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Ñuapua Formation | Bolivia |
Chuquisaca Department | ||
| Pampa La Brea Formation | Peru |
Talara Basin | ||
| Rotinet Formation | Colombia |
Sinú-San Jacinto Basin | ||
| Sabana Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Saladillo Formation | Argentina |
Pampean Region | ||
| Salto Ander Egg Formation | Argentina |
Paraná Basin | ||
| San Sebastián Formation | Peru |
Eastern Peruvian Andes | ||
| Santa Clara Formation | Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province | ||
| Santa Vitória Formation | Brazil |
Pelotas Basin | ||
| Soatá Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Sopas Formation | Uruguay |
Norte Basin | ||
| Tarija Formation | Bolivia |
Tarija Basin | ||
| Tezanos Pinto Formation | Argentina |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Touro Passo Formation | Brazil |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Ulloma Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Ensenadan | La Ensenada Formation | Argentina |
Salado Basin | |
| Belgrano Formation | Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province | ||
| Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile |
Calama Basin | ||
| Graxaim Formation | Brazil |
Pelotas Basin | ||
| Mesa Formation |  Venezuela |
Eastern Venezuela Basin | ||
| Miramar Formation | Argentina |
Claromecó Basin | ||
| Sabana Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Tarija Formation | Bolivia |
Tarija Basin | ||
| Ulloma Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Umala Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Uquía Formation | Argentina |
Eastern Argentinian Andes | ||
| Vorohué Formation | Argentina |
Claromecó Basin | ||
| Yupoí Formation | Argentina |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Marplatan | Uquía Formation | Argentina |
Eastern Argentinian Andes | |
| Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile |
Caldera Basin | ||
| Charana Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile |
Calama Basin | ||
| Hernandarías Formation | Argentina |
Paraná Basin | ||
| La Paz Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Sacaba Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| San Andrés Formation | Argentina |
Claromecó Basin | ||
| San Gregorio Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Umala Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Vorohué Formation | Argentina |
Claromecó Basin | ||
| Ware Formation | Colombia |
Cocinetas Basin | ||
| Chapadmalalan | Chapadmalal Formation | Argentina |
Claromecó Basin | |
| Puerto Alvear Formation | Argentina |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Andalhuala Formation | Argentina |
Santa María-Hualfín Basin | ||
| Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile |
Caldera Basin | ||
| Brochero Formation | Argentina |
Sierras de Córdoba | ||
| Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile |
Calama Basin | ||
| Coquimbo Formation | Chile |
Tongoy Bay | ||
| Horcón Formation | Chile |
Valparaíso Basin | ||
| La Paz Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| La Portada Formation | Chile |
Tiburón Basin | ||
| Pisco Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Río Quinto Formation | Argentina |
Pampa de Las Salinas Basin | ||
| San Gregorio Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| San José Formation | Argentina Uruguay |
Salado Basin Santa Lucía Basin |
||
| Toro Negro Formation | Argentina |
Sierra de Los Colorados | ||
| Umala Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Ware Formation | Colombia |
Cocinetas Basin | ||
| Montehermosan | Monte Hermoso Formation | Argentina |
Claromecó Basin | |
| Aconquija Formation | Argentina |
Sierra del Aconquija | ||
| Andalhuala Formation | Argentina |
Santa María-Hualfín Basin | ||
| Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile |
Caldera Basin | ||
| Caleta Herradura Formation | Chile |
Tiburón Basin | ||
| Casira Formation | Bolivia |
Potosí mountain range | ||
| Codore Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Coquimbo Formation | Chile |
Tongoy Bay | ||
| Corral Quemado Formation | Argentina |
Santa María-Hualfín Basin | ||
| Ipururo Formation | Peru |
Ucayali Basin | ||
| La Paz Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Letrero Formation |  Ecuador |
Nabón Basin | ||
| Navidad Formation | Chile |
Chilean Coast Range | ||
| Onzole Formation | Ecuador |
Borbón Basin | ||
| Palo Pintado Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Paraguaná Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Pisco Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Puerta del Diablo Formation | Argentina |
Valdés Basin | ||
| Raigón Formation | Uruguay |
Norte Basin | ||
| Remedios Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Río Negro Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Río Quinto Formation | Argentina |
Pampa de Las Salinas Basin | ||
| San José Formation | Argentina Uruguay |
Salado Basin Santa Lucía Basin |
||
| Solimões Formation | Brazil |
Solimões Basin | ||
| Umala Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Huayquerian | Huayquerías Formation | Argentina |
Cuyo Basin | |
| Andalhuala Formation | Argentina |
Santa María-Hualfín Basin | ||
| Bahía Inglesa Formation - Cerro Ballena | Chile |
Caldera Basin | ||
| Camacho Formation | Uruguay |
Norte & Santa Lucía Basins | ||
| Cerro Azul Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Chiquimil Formation | Argentina |
Santa María-Hualfín Basin | ||
| Coquimbo Formation | Chile |
Tongoy Bay | ||
| Las Flores Formation | Argentina |
Sierra del Tontal | ||
| Entrerriana Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Epecuén Formation | Argentina |
Claromecó Basin | ||
| Içá Formation | Brazil |
Madre de Deus Basin | ||
| Iñapari Formation | Peru |
Madre de Dios Basin | ||
| India Muerta Formation | Argentina |
Sierras Pampeanas | ||
| Ituzaingó Formation | Argentina |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Kiyu Formation | Uruguay |
Santa Lucía Basin | ||
| Madre de Dios Formation | Peru |
Madre de Dios Basin | ||
| Maimará Formation | Argentina |
Eastern Argentinian Andes | ||
| Mauri Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Miramar Formation | Peru |
Sechura Basin | ||
| El Morterito Formation | Argentina |
Cajón Valley | ||
| Muyu Huasi Formation | Bolivia |
Muyu Huasi Basin | ||
| Navidad Formation | Chile |
Chilean Coast Range | ||
| Palo Pintado Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Paraná Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru |
Amazon Basin | ||
| Piquete Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Pisco Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Quehua Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Raigón Formation | Uruguay |
Norte Basin | ||
| Rosa Pata Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Saldungaray Formation | Argentina |
Buenos Aires Province | ||
| Salicas Formation | Argentina |
Sierra de Velasco | ||
| Solimões Formation | Brazil |
Solimões Basin | ||
| Urumaco Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Chasicoan | Arroyo Chasicó Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | |
| Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile |
Caldera Basin | ||
| Caujarao Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Cerro Azul Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Coquimbo Formation | Chile |
Tongoy Bay | ||
| Loma de Las Tapias Formation | Argentina |
Tulum Valley | ||
| Madre de Dios Formation | Peru |
Madre de Dios Basin | ||
| Mauri Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Navidad Formation | Chile |
Chilean Coast Range | ||
| Palo Pintado Formation | Argentina |
Angastaco Basin | ||
| Paraná Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru |
Amazon Basin | ||
| Pisco Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Puerto Madryn Formation | Argentina |
Valdés Basin | ||
| Urumaco Formation - Urumaco fauna | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Mayoan | Río Mayo Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Coquimbo Formation | Chile |
Tongoy Bay | ||
| Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Huaylas Formation | Chile |
Parinacota Province | ||
| Mauri Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Navidad Formation | Chile |
Chilean Coast Range | ||
| Paraná Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru |
Amazon Basin | ||
| Pisco Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Puerto Madryn Formation | Argentina |
Valdés Basin | ||
| Urumaco Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Yecua Formation | Bolivia |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Laventan | Honda Group - La Venta fauna | Colombia |
Upper Magdalena Valley | |
| Honda Group - Quebrada Honda fauna | Bolivia |
Quebrada Honda Basin | ||
| Aisol Formation | Argentina |
San Rafael Block | ||
| Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile |
Caldera Basin | ||
| Capadare Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Choquecota Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Cura-Mallín Group | Chile |
Cura-Mallín Basin | ||
| Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Ipururo Formation | Peru |
Ucayali Basin | ||
| Mariño Formation | Argentina |
Cuyo Basin | ||
| Mauri Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Paraná Formation | Argentina |
Chaco Basin | ||
| Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru |
Amazon Basin | ||
| Pisco Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Santa Inés Formation | Venezuela |
Eastern Venezuela Basin | ||
| Sincelejo Formation | Colombia |
Sinú-San Jacinto Basin | ||
| Socorro Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Urumaco Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Colloncuran | Collón Curá Formation | Argentina |
Cañadón Asfalto Basin Neuquén Basin |
|
| Castilletes Formation | Colombia |
Cocinetas Basin | ||
| Cerdas beds | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Cura-Mallín Group | Chile |
Cura-Mallín Basin | ||
| Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Mariño Formation | Argentina |
Cuyo Basin | ||
| Mauri Formation | Bolivia |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Nazareno Formation | Bolivia |
Tupiza Basin | ||
| Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru |
Amazon Basin | ||
| Pisco Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Friasian | Río Frías Formation | Chile |
Aysén Basin | |
| Castilletes Formation | Colombia |
Cocinetas Basin | ||
| Chilcatay Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Cura-Mallín Group | Chile |
Cura-Mallín Basin | ||
| Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Parángula Formation | Venezuela |
Barinas-Apure Basin | ||
| Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru |
Amazon Basin | ||
| Río Foyel Formation | Argentina |
Patagonian Andes | ||
| Río Yuca Formation | Venezuela |
Barinas-Apure Basin | ||
| Santacrucian | Santa Cruz Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | |
| Aisol Formation | Argentina |
San Rafael Block | ||
| Cantaure Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Castillo Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Cerro Boleadoras Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | ||
| Chaguaramas Formation | Venezuela |
Eastern Venezuela Basin | ||
| Chilcatay Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Chucal Formation - Chucal fauna | Chile |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Cura-Mallín Group | Chile |
Cura-Mallín Basin | ||
| Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Jimol Formation | Colombia |
Cocinetas Basin | ||
| Mariño Formation | Argentina |
Cuyo Basin | ||
| Pinturas Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | ||
| Río Yuca Formation | Venezuela |
Barinas-Apure Basin | ||
| Colhuehuapian | Colhué Huapí Member | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Abanico Formation | Chile |
Abanico Basin | ||
| Biblián Formation | Ecuador |
Cuenca Basin | ||
| Castillo Formation | Venezuela |
Falcón Basin | ||
| Cerro Bandera Formation | Argentina |
Neuquén Basin | ||
| Chichinales Formation | Argentina |
Neuquén Basin | ||
| Chilcatay Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Cura-Mallín Group | Chile |
Cura-Mallín Basin | ||
| Gaiman Formation | Argentina |
Valdés Basin | ||
| Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina |
Colorado Basin | ||
| Monte León Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | ||
| Montera Formation | Peru |
Sechura Basin | ||
| Pirabas Formation | Brazil |
Amazon Basin | ||
| Río Jeinemeni Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | ||
| Sarmiento Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Uitpa Formation | Colombia |
Cocinetas Basin | ||
| Deseadan | Deseado Formation | Argentina |
Deseado Massif | |
| Abanico Formation | Chile |
Abanico Basin | ||
| Agua de la Piedra Formation | Argentina |
Precordillera | ||
| Barzalosa Formation | Colombia |
Upper Magdalena Valley | ||
| Chambira Formation | Peru |
Ucayali Basin | ||
| Chilcatay Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Dos Bocas Formation | Ecuador |
Progreso Basin | ||
| Fray Bentos Formation | Argentina Uruguay |
Paraná Basin | ||
| Gaiman Formation | Argentina |
Valdés Basin | ||
| Mariño Formation | Argentina |
Cuyo Basin | ||
| Monte León Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | ||
| Moquegua Formation | Peru |
Moquegua Basin | ||
| Mugrosa Formation | Colombia |
Middle Magdalena Valley | ||
| Petaca Formation | Bolivia |
Subandean Belt | ||
| "Puca Group" - Lacayani fauna | Bolivia |
Subandean Belt | ||
| Río Baguales Formation | Chile |
Aysén Basin | ||
| Salla Formation | Bolivia |
Salla-Luribay Basin | ||
| Sarmiento Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Tremembé Formation/São Paulo Formation | Brazil |
Taubaté Basin | ||
| Tinguirirican | Abanico Formation - Tinguiririca fauna | Chile |
Abanico Basin | |
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Entre-Corrégos Formation | Brazil |
Aiuruoca Basin | ||
| Gualanday Group | Colombia |
Central Colombian Ranges | ||
| Laguna Brava Formation | Argentina |
Precordillera | ||
| Loreto Formation | Chile |
Magallanes Basin | ||
| El Milagro Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Otuma Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Sarmiento Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Seca Formation | Ecuador |
Progreso Basin | ||
| Soncco Formation | Peru |
Eastern Peruvian Andes | ||
| Divisaderan | Divisadero Largo Formation | Argentina |
Cuyo Basin | |
| Abanico Formation | Chile |
Abanico Basin | ||
| Andesitas Huancache Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Leticia Formation | Argentina |
Austral Basin | ||
| Loreto Formation | Chile |
Magallanes Basin | ||
| Paracas Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Pozo Formation | Peru |
Ucayali Basin | ||
| Sarmiento Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Soncco Formation | Peru |
Eastern Peruvian Andes | ||
| Yumaque Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Mustersan | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Abanico Formation | Chile |
Abanico Basin | ||
| Andesitas Huancache Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Geste Formation | Argentina |
Puna Plateau | ||
| Laguna del Hunco Formation | Argentina |
Cañadón Asfalto Basin | ||
| Paracas Formation | Peru |
Pisco Basin | ||
| Pozo Formation | Peru |
Ucayali Basin | ||
| Soncco Formation | Peru |
Eastern Peruvian Andes | ||
| Vaca Mahuida Formation | Argentina |
Neuquén Basin | ||
| Ventana Formation | Argentina |
Neuquén Basin | ||
| Yahuarango Formation - Santa Rosa fauna | Peru |
Ucayali Basin | ||
| Casamayoran | Casamayor Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Abanico Formation | Chile |
Abanico Basin | ||
| Bogotá Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Cayara Formation | Bolivia |
Cochabamba Department | ||
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Fonseca Formation | Brazil |
Fonseca Basin | ||
| Guabirotuba Formation | Brazil |
Curitiba Basin | ||
| Huitrera Formation | Argentina |
Neuquén Basin | ||
| Laguna del Hunco Formation | Argentina |
Cañadón Asfalto Basin | ||
| Los Cuervos Formation | Colombia |
Cesar-Ranchería Basin | ||
| Lumbrera Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Maíz Gordo Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Quebrada de los Colorados Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Sarmiento Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Riochican | Río Chico Group | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Bogotá Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Bororó Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Koluel Kaike Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Maíz Gordo Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Mogollón Formation | Peru |
Talara & Tumbes Basins | ||
| Muñani Formation | Peru |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Peñas Coloradas Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Río Loro Formation | Argentina |
Sierras Pampeanas | ||
| Salamanca Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Itaboraian | Itaboraí Formation | Brazil |
Itaboraí Basin | |
| Bogotá Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Cerrejón Formation | Colombia |
Cesar-Ranchería Basin | ||
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Koluel Kaike Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Las Flores Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Maíz Gordo Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Mealla Formation | Argentina |
Salta Basin | ||
| Mogollón Formation | Peru |
Talara & Tumbes Basins | ||
| Muñani Formation | Peru |
Altiplano Basin | ||
| Peñas Coloradas Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Río Loro Formation | Argentina |
Sierras Pampeanas | ||
| Peligran | Peñas Coloradas Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | |
| Bogotá Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Cerrejón Formation | Colombia |
Cesar-Ranchería Basin | ||
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Guaduas Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Salamanca Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin | ||
| Santa Lucía Formation | Bolivia |
Potosí Basin | ||
| Tiupampan | Santa Lucía Formation | Bolivia |
Potosí Basin | |
| Chota Formation | Peru |
Bagua Basin | ||
| Guaduas Formation | Colombia |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | ||
| Lefipán Formation | Argentina |
Cañadón Asfalto Basin | ||
| Maria Farinha Formation | Brazil |
Paraíba Basin | ||
| Salamanca Formation | Argentina |
Golfo San Jorge Basin |
Fossil content
See also
- Biochronology
- North American land mammal age (NALMA)
- Asian land mammal age (ALMA)
- European land mammal age (ELMA or ELMMZ)
- African land mammal age (AFLMA)
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Ecuador
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Paraguay
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Uruguay
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Venezuela
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ Former name of Ituzaingó Formation
- ↑ Former name of Cerro Azul Formation
- ↑ In later research considered part of the Camacho Formation[100]
References
- ↑ Flynn & Swisher, 1995
- ↑ Darin A. Croft - South American Fossil Mammals
- ↑ Carrillo, Juan D.; Faurby, Søren; Silvestro, Daniele; Zizka, Alexander; Jaramillo, Carlos; Bacon, Christine D.; Antonelli, Alexandre (2020-10-20). "Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (42): 26281–26287. doi:10.1073/pnas.2009397117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 33020313. Bibcode: 2020PNAS..11726281C.
- ↑ Kay, Richard F.; Madden, Richard H.; Vucetich, M. Guiomar; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Mazzoni, Mario M.; Re, Guillermo H.; Heizler, Matthew; Sandeman, Hamish (1999-11-09). "Revised geochronology of the Casamayoran South American Land Mammal Age: Climatic and biotic implications". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96 (23): 13235–13240. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13235. PMID 10557304. PMC 23931. https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.96.23.13235.
- ↑ Woodburne, Michael O.; Goin, Francisco J.; Bond, Mariano; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Gelfo, Javier N.; López, Guillermo M.; Iglesias, A.; Zimicz, Ana N. (2014). "Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity" (in en). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21 (1): 1–73. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9222-1. ISSN 1064-7554. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10914-012-9222-1.
- ↑ Woodburne, Michael O.; Goin, Francisco J.; Raigemborn, Maria Sol; Heizler, Matt; Gelfo, Javier N.; Oliveira, Edison V. (2014). "Revised timing of the South American early Paleogene land mammal ages" (in en). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 54: 109–119. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.05.003. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262807228.
- ↑ Blasi et al., 2010, p.88
- ↑ Fucks et al., 2011, p.110
- ↑ Quebrada Agua Blanca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mapa Geológico del Paraguay, 1986, p.42
- ↑ Filí, 2001, p.28
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 López Mendoza et al, 2010, p.22
- ↑ Alvarenga et al., 2010, p.230
- ↑ Martínez & Ubilla, 2009, p.211
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.89
- ↑ Zurita et al., 2009, p.279
- ↑ Soibelzon et al., 2010, p.315
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.30
- ↑ Villarroel et al., 1989, p.120
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.74
- ↑ Combina & Sánchez, 2003, p.126
- ↑ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.643
- ↑ Pardiñas & Galliari, 1998, p.18
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.75
- ↑ Páramo & Escobar, 2010, p.52
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.72
- ↑ Brambilla & Ibarra
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.143
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.76
- ↑ Isla et al., 2015, p.245
- ↑ Oliveira et al., 2005, p.216
- ↑ Villarroel et al., 2001, p.90
- ↑ Martínez & Ubilla, 2009, p.212
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.642
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.41
- ↑ Kerber et al., 2014, p.250
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.639
- ↑ Tonni et al., 1999, p.277
- ↑ Picasso & Degrange, 2009, p.429
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006
- ↑ Buchmann et al., 2009, p.9
- ↑ Granadino, 2012, p.18
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Isla et al., 2015, p.236
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.640
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Reguero & Candela, 2008, p.291
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Orgeira, 1988, p.26
- ↑ Franco et al., 2013, p.41
- ↑ Erra et al., 2016, p.65
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 Le Roux et al., 2016, p.46
- ↑ Segovia, 2014, p.142
- ↑ Renner & Velasco, 2000, p.26
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 Castro et al., 2014, p.5
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 Moreno et al., 2015, p.7
- ↑ Olivares et al., 2012, p.200
- ↑ Elissamburu et al., 2011, p.228
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.257
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 Muruaga, 2001, p.30
- ↑ Zamorano, 2013, p.284
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 Le Roux et al., 2006, p.49
- ↑ Carillo Briceño et al., 2013, p.194
- ↑ Chávez, 2008
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.6 Brand et al., 2011
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4 63.5 63.6 Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.14
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Cerdeño et al., 2008, p.225
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Rinderknecht & Noriega, 2002, p.185
- ↑ Ciccioli, 2017, p.72
- ↑ Agnolin et al., 2014, p.20
- ↑ Albino et al., 2009, p.79
- ↑ Bogan & Agnolin, 2009, p.193
- ↑ Nasif et al., p.101
- ↑ Gutiérrez & Mon, 2004
- ↑ Di Celma & Cantalamessa, 2007
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 Cerdeño et al., 2012
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 Quijano Ballesteros, 2005, p.19
- ↑ Bonini, 2014, p.58
- ↑ 76.00 76.01 76.02 76.03 76.04 76.05 76.06 76.07 76.08 76.09 Antoine et al., 2016, p.56
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Castro Medina, 2010, p.58
- ↑ Romero Carrasco, 2017, p.8
- ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 Finger et al., 2007, p.13
- ↑ Ramírez Parrales, 2013, p.52
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 Reguero et al., 2015, p.60
- ↑ Mendi & Rodríguez, 2005, p.19
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 Cione et al., 2005, p.57
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 Tófalo & Morrás, 2009, p.683
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 Pérez, 2012, p.11
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 Cozzuol, 2006, p.190
- ↑ Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.136
- ↑ Garrido et al., 2017, p.54
- ↑ Verde, 2002, p.21
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 Goin et al., 2000, p.101
- ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 Verzi et al., 2008, p.146
- ↑ Morton & Herbst, s.a., p.1
- ↑ Cerdeño et al., 2019, p.12
- ↑ Czaplewski & Campbell, 2017
- ↑ Frailey, 1986, p.4
- ↑ García López & Barbot, 2015, p.315
- ↑ Franco et al., 2013, p.44
- ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.4 Vezzosi, 2015, p.27
- ↑ Kiyu Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Verde, 2002, p.20
- ↑ 101.0 101.1 Romero et al., 1998, p.60
- ↑ Pujos et al., 2012, p.2
- ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 103.3 103.4 103.5 103.6 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.636
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.26
- ↑ Morton & Herbst, 2007, p.154
- ↑ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.637
- ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 Martín Pérez, 2013, p.51
- ↑ Brea et al., 2013, p.28
- ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 109.4 109.5 Wesselingh et al., 2006, p.304
- ↑ González & Abascal, 2012, p.129
- ↑ Baldellón et al., 1994, p.241
- ↑ Marshall & Sempere, 1991
- ↑ Brandoni et al., 2012, p.10
- ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 Linares, 2004, p.16
- ↑ Deschamps et al., 2009, p.296
- ↑ 116.0 116.1 Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2007, p.301
- ↑ Escosteguy et al., 2003
- ↑ 118.0 118.1 118.2 118.3 118.4 118.5 Reichler, 2010, p.181
- ↑ García et al., 1999, p.251
- ↑ 120.0 120.1 Hernández et al., 2002, p.5
- ↑ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.54
- ↑ 122.0 122.1 Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.635
- ↑ 123.0 123.1 Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.149
- ↑ Penín & Villarroel, 2005, p.138
- ↑ 125.0 125.1 125.2 125.3 125.4 Utgé et al., 2009
- ↑ 126.0 126.1 126.2 126.3 Cerdeño & Guiomar, 2007, p.201
- ↑ Simpson, 1947, p.2
- ↑ Villarroel & Clavijo, 2005, p.348
- ↑ Linares, 2004, p.5
- ↑ Escosteguy & Franchi, 2010, p.422
- ↑ Dalla Salda & Franzese, 1987, p.7
- ↑ Croft et al., 2016, p.2
- ↑ Marshall, 1990
- ↑ Marshall & Salinas, 1990
- ↑ 135.0 135.1 135.2 135.3 135.4 De la Cruz, 2008, p.53
- ↑ 136.0 136.1 136.2 136.3 Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.13
- ↑ Paolillo & Linares, 2007, p.2
- ↑ Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2018, p.442
- ↑ Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2013, p.491
- ↑ 140.0 140.1 Rincón et al., 2016, p.19
- ↑ Vizcaíno et al., 2012
- ↑ 142.0 142.1 142.2 142.3 Pérez Panera, 2010, p.52
- ↑ Mendi & Rodríguez, 2005, p.20
- ↑ 144.0 144.1 Johnson, 2009, p.60
- ↑ 145.0 145.1 Dal Molín & Colombo, 2003, p.140
- ↑ Horovitz & Sánchez Villagra, 2012, p.145
- ↑ Croft et al., 2007, p.781
- ↑ Kramarz, 2001, p.10
- ↑ 149.0 149.1 149.2 149.3 149.4 149.5 Dozo et al., 2014, p.241
- ↑ 150.0 150.1 150.2 150.3 150.4 150.5 Godoy et al., 2012
- ↑ 151.0 151.1 151.2 151.3 151.4 151.5 Muñoz et al., 2006
- ↑ Veintimilla González, 2015, p.47
- ↑ Kramarz et al., 2005
- ↑ Kramarz et al., 2005, p.288
- ↑ 155.0 155.1 Acosta Hospitaleche, 2007, p.419
- ↑ 156.0 156.1 Náñez et al., 2009
- ↑ Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.24
- ↑ De Araújo et al., 2010, p.207
- ↑ 159.0 159.1 159.2 159.3 159.4 159.5 Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.27
- ↑ Combina & Nullo, 2011, p.201
- ↑ Acosta et al., 2002, p.49
- ↑ Castro Medina, 2010, p.55
- ↑ Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.41
- ↑ Bond et al., 1998, p.42
- ↑ Tófalo & Morrás, 2009, p.680
- ↑ Alván et al., 2017, p.56
- ↑ Gómez et al., 2008, p.48
- ↑ Billet et al., 2008, p.153
- ↑ Le Roux et al., 2010, p.332
- ↑ Conoce Nuestra Biodiversidad - Salla
- ↑ Reguero & Cerdeño, 2005, p.674
- ↑ Do Couto Ribeiro, 2010, p.88
- ↑ 174.0 174.1 174.2 174.3 174.4 174.5 174.6 174.7 Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2
- ↑ 175.0 175.1 175.2 175.3 175.4 175.5 175.6 175.7 175.8 Castro Medina, 2010, p.53
- ↑ Gonçalves Pereira, 2015, p.124
- ↑ Billet et al., 2010
- ↑ Vizan et al., 2013
- ↑ 179.0 179.1 Otero et al., 2012
- ↑ Castro Medina, 2010, p.56
- ↑ Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.12
- ↑ Lorenzo et al., 2018, p.34
- ↑ 183.0 183.1 183.2 Carlotto, 2016, p.522
- ↑ Cerdeño & Guiomar, M2007, p.200
- ↑ 185.0 185.1 Tejedor et al., 2009, p.6
- ↑ Clarke et al., 2003
- ↑ 187.0 187.1 Clarke et al., 2007, p.11545
- ↑ 188.0 188.1 Castro Medina, 2010, p.54
- ↑ Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.11
- ↑ Ciancio et al., 2016, p.577
- ↑ López & Bond, 1995, p.92
- ↑ 192.0 192.1 Wilf et al., 2005, p.634
- ↑ Shelania at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Wilf et al., 2005
- ↑ Campbell et al., 2014, p.13
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.252
- ↑ 197.0 197.1 197.2 197.3 Bayona et al., 2012, p.103
- ↑ Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.633
- ↑ Mendes et al., 2015, p.28
- ↑ Sedor et al., 2017, p.39
- ↑ Escosteguy & Franchi, 2010, p.420
- ↑ Hernández, 2003, p.47
- ↑ Cadena & Schweitzer, 2014, p.461
- ↑ Del Papa, 2006, p.314
- ↑ 205.0 205.1 205.2 Narváez, 2009, p.24
- ↑ Del Papa et al., 2013, p.59
- ↑ Payrola Bosio et al., 2010, p.312
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.240
- ↑ Scarfati et al., 2009, p.36
- ↑ 210.0 210.1 Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.251
- ↑ 211.0 211.1 Quispe Alcalá, 2010, p.21
- ↑ 212.0 212.1 Gelfo & Goin, 2011
- ↑ 213.0 213.1 213.2 213.3 213.4 213.5 Clyde et al., 2014, p.303
- ↑ 214.0 214.1 Pol & Powell, 2011, S9
- ↑ Oliveira & Goin, 2011
- ↑ 216.0 216.1 Jaramillo et al., 2007, p.168
- ↑ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.249
- ↑ Sánchez & Marquillas, 2010, p.389
- ↑ 219.0 219.1 Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.54
- ↑ 220.0 220.1 Sempere et al., 1997, p.709
- ↑ Goin et al., 2006
- ↑ Carvalho et al., 2016, p.493
- ↑ Arroyo Tapalque at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Paso Otero-Pardo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Paso Otero-Verde at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 226.0 226.1 Luján at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Laguna Las Encadenadas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Quequén Salado - Indio Rico at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.636-637
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, p.899
- ↑ Góis et al., 2012
- ↑ Salado River, General Belgrano at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Chumbiada at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Góis et al., 2015
- ↑ La Plata (Ensenada) at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 236.0 236.1 Graxaim at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 237.0 237.1 El Breal de Orocual at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ El Breal de Orocual2 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 239.0 239.1 900 m SW of Punta Hermengo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Machado et al., 2014
- ↑ 241.0 241.1 241.2 Tarija at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tarija-1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ortiz et al., 2013
- ↑ Esquina Blanca - Upper Unit at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Baliza Chica at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.631-632
- ↑ Arroyo Toropi-Level 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.93
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.83
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.84
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.86
- ↑ Agnolin, 2006, p.88
- ↑ Estación Anchorena at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Esquina Blanca - Middle Unit at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Charana at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Jalquincha 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Left bank of La Ensenada Creek at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ East Yauca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 20 km west of Cochabamba at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 260.0 260.1 Olivares & Verzi, 2015
- ↑ Punta San Andrés at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Tarariras at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ayo Ayo tuff at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo Loberia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 15 km N Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Yauca at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tonni & Noriega, 1996
- ↑ Daza et al., 2012
- ↑ Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bajada las Palomas at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ First point north of Barranca de los Lobos, level III-IV at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta Martinez de Hoz, level III at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ First bajada north of Canada Chapar at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Diamente Department at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barbière et al., 2016
- ↑ 276.0 276.1 Los Sauces River at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Cantera Díaz Nogarol at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Castro et al., 2014
- ↑ Vergel Member at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Playa Kiyu at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Sierra de Los Colorados at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Toro Negro at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Esquina Blanca - Lower Unit at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 284.0 284.1 284.2 Moreno et al., 2015, p.35
- ↑ Amson et al., 2016, pp.3–15
- ↑ Pérez et al., 2017
- ↑ Degrange et al., 2015
- ↑ Pérez Ben et al., 2019
- ↑ Norte Casa Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Police Station 470062 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barbière et al., 2018
- ↑ 292.0 292.1 292.2 292.3 Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 293.0 293.1 293.2 Farola Monte Hermoso FI Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 294.0 294.1 Farola Monte Hermoso FM Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso St Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso Fcf Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Barrancas de Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso Fsc Facies at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Armella et al., 2018
- ↑ Candela & Bonini, 2017
- ↑ 302.0 302.1 Santa Maria Valley Andalhuala Fm at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 303.0 303.1 303.2 Bahia Inglesa Unit 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 304.0 304.1 304.2 Cuenca del Tiburón at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Casira Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Carrillo et al., 2018
- ↑ Casa el Jebe at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Meseta at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Road to Tio Gregorio Locality at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Urumaco, Biozona 4 Loc 85-FC at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Mirandabradys Urumaco 03 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 1.5 km Northwest of Cerro Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Coquimbo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bahia de Guayacan at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Bahia Herradura at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Corral Quemado at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ RHM Locality 4 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 319.0 319.1 El Yacural at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Remedios at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta Bermeja at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Arroyo La Petra at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerto Arazatí at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Pujos et al., 2016
- ↑ Umala, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Ayo Ayo at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Benson, 2015
- ↑ Los Dedos, Pliocene at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ La Cantera at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Chanaral de Aceituno at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Nicoli, 2015
- ↑ Farola Monte Hermoso Neocavia at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ CTA-42 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ CTA-59 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Tongoy area Unit 11 at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Súa Member at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta la Gorda at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Punta la Colorada at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ Puerta del Diablo at Fossilworks.org
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- Santa María-Hualfín Basin
- Bonini, Ricardo Adolfo (2014), Bioestratigrafía y diversidad de los mamíferos del Neógeno de San Fernando y Puerta de Corral Quemado (Catamarca, Argentina) (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–337, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33130393.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Muruaga, Claudia M (2001), "Estratigrafía y desarrollo tectosedimentario de los sedimentos terciarios en los alrededores de la Sierra de Hualfín, borde suroriental de la Puna, Catamarca, Argentina", Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 8: 27–50, http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3817/381747740002.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Santa Fe Province
- Vezzosi, Raúl Ignacio (2015), Diversidad de los mamíferos del Pleistoceno de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina: aspectos taxonómicos, bioestratigráficos y paleobiogeográficos relacionados (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–913, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/141500175.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Aconquija Formation
- Armella, Matías A.; García López, Daniel A.; Dominguez, Lucía (2018), "A new species of Xotodon (Notoungulata, Toxodontidae) from northwestern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38 (1), doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1425882, Bibcode: 2018JVPal..38E5882A, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323895343, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Gutiérrez, A.A.; Mon, Ricardo (2004), "Mega-geomorphology of Tafi del Valle-Aconquija, Tucumán", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 59: 303–311, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282723686, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Nasif, Norma L.; Estebán, Graciela; Georgieff, Sergio M. (2007), "Nuevo registro de vertebrados para la Formación Aconquija, provincia de Catamarca, Noroeste de Argentina. Implicancias cronoestratigráficas y consideraciones paleoambientales", Acta Geológica Lilloana 20: 99–112, http://lillo.org.ar/revis/geo/2008/v20n1/v20n1a09.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Agua de la Piedra Formation
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Reguero, Marcelo (2015), "The Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) assemblage from the late Oligocene of Mendoza, central-western Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (2), doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.907173, Bibcode: 2015JVPal..35E7173C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263770394, retrieved 2015-02-13
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara (2014), "A new Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) from the Late Oligocene beds of Mendoza Province, Argentina", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 (11): 943–962, doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.982727, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270898796, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Combina, Ana María; Nullo, Francisco (2011), "Ciclos tectónicos, volcánicos y sedimentarios del Cenozoico del sur de Mendoza-Argentina (35-37° S y 69° 30'W)", Andean Geology 38: 198–218, https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/andgeol/v38n1/art10.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Hernández Del Pino, Santiago; Seoane, Federico D.; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2017), "New postcranial remains of large toxodontian notoungulates from the late Oligocene of Mendoza, Argentina and their systematic implications", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62: 195–210, https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app62/app003012016.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Seoane, Federico; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2014), "First extra-Patagonian record of Asmodeus Ameghino (Notoungulata, Homalodotheriidae) in the Late Oligocene of Mendoza Province, Argentina", Ameghiniana 51 (5): 373–384, doi:10.5710/AMGH.07.07.2014.2735, Bibcode: 2014Amegh..51..373S, http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/2735, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Aisol Formation
- Forasiepi, Analía M.; Cerdeño, Esperanza; Bond, Mariano; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Naipauer, Maximiliano; Straehl, Fiona R.; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Garrido, Alberto C. et al. (2015), "New toxodontid (Notoungulata) from the Early Miocene of Mendoza, Argentina", Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89 (3): 611–634, doi:10.1007/s12542-014-0233-5, Bibcode: 2015PalZ...89..611F, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263273516, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Forasiepi, Analía M.; Martinelli, Agustín G.; De la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Dieguez, Sergio; Bond, Mariano (2011), Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Aisol Formation (Neogene), San Rafael, Mendoza, Cenozoic Geology of the Central Andes of Argentina, SCS Publisher, Salta, pp. 135–154, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002518.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-01
- Andalhuala Formation
- Candela, Adriana M.; Bonini, Ricardo A. (2017), "A new guinea pig (Rodentia, Caviomorpha) from northwestern Argentina: Implications for the origin of the genus Cavia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 (4), doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1352591, Bibcode: 2017JVPal..37E2591C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319438394, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Andesitas Huancache Formation
- Goin, Francisco J.; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Chornogubsky, Laura; López, Guillermo M.; Gelfo, Javier N.; Bond, Mariano; Woodburne, Michael O.; Gurovich, Yamila et al. (2012), "Persistence of a Mesozoic, non-therian mammalian lineage (Gondwanatheria) in the mid-Paleogene of Patagonia", Naturwissenschaften 99 (6): 449–463, doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0919-z, PMID 22584426, Bibcode: 2012NW.....99..449G, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224957258, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Tejedor, Marcelo F. (2009), "New Early Eocene Mammalian Fauna from Western Patagonia, Argentina", American Museum Novitates (3638): 1–43, doi:10.1206/577.1, https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/20519/1/KPIM_CARL-AA_2009-2.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Arroyo Chasicó Formation
- González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Krmpotic, Cecilia M.; Carlini, Alfredo A. (2012), "A new species of Peltephilidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the late Miocene (Chasicoan SALMA) of Argentina", Zootaxa 3359: 55–64, http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/z03359p064f.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Pérez, María Encarnación; Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Vucetich, María Guiomar (2018), "Diversity, phylogeny and biogeography of the South American 'cardiomyine' rodents (Hystricognathi, Cavioidea) with a description of two new species", Papers in Palaeontology 4 (1): 1–19, doi:10.1002/spp2.1095, Bibcode: 2018PPal....4....1P, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320036892, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Rasia, Luciano L.; Candela, Adriana M. (2016), "Lagostomus telenkechanum, sp. nov., a new lagostomine rodent (Caviomorpha, Chinchillidae) from the Arroyo Chasicó Formation (late Miocene; Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 (1), doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1239205, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309711342, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Belgrano Formation
- Agnolin, Federico (2006), "Dos nuevos Anatidae (Aves, Anseriformes) del Pleistoceno inferior-medio de Argentina", Stud. Geol. Salmant. 42: 81–95, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44708411, retrieved 2017-10-02
- Bororó Formation
- Scarfati, L.; Melendi, D.L.; Volkheimer, W. (2009), "A Danian subtropical lacustrine palynobiota from South America (Bororó Formation, San Jorge Basin, Patagonia - Argentina)", Geologica Acta 7: 35–61, http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/GEOACTA/article/viewFile/105.000000270/4275, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Brochero Formation
- Barbière, Franck; Cruz, Laura E.; Ortiz, Pablo E.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J. (2016), "A new genus of Sigmodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Pliocene of Central Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (5), doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1199557, Bibcode: 2016JVPal..36E9557B, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305664458, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Zamorano, Martin (2013), "Diagnosis y nueva descripción de Propanochthus bullifer (Burmeister) (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae). Consideraciones bioestratigráficas y cronológicas de su procedencia", Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 28 (2): 283–292, doi:10.7203/sjp.28.2.17860, http://www.sepaleontologia.es/revista/anteriores/REP%20%282013%29%20vol.%2028/2/12.%20Zamorano.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Casamayor Formation
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v67n2/v67n2a08.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18
- Raigemborn, María Sol (2008), Estudio estratigráfico, sedimentológico y composicional de las sedimentitas del Terciário inferior (Grupo Rio Chico) en el sector sudoriental del Chubut Extraandino (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 11–58, http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/4369/III_-_%C3%81mbito_geol%C3%B3gico_y_antecedentes.pdf?sequence=8, retrieved 2017-10-18
- Cerro Azul Formation
- Goin, F.J.; Montalvo, C.; Visconti, G. (2000), "Los marsupiales (Mammalia) del Mioceno superior de la Formación Cerro Azul (Provincia de La Pampa, Argentina)", Estudios Geológicos 56 (1–2): 101–126, doi:10.3989/egeol.00561-2158, Bibcode: 2000EstGM..56..101G, http://estudiosgeol.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeol/article/view/158/158, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Madozzo Jaén, M. Carolina; Pérez, M. Encarnación; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Tomassini, Rodrigo L. (2018), "Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (2): 241–260, https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app63/app004642018.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Sostillo, Renata; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Verzi, Diego H. (2014), "A new species of Reigechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) from the Late Miocene of central Argentina and the evolutionary pattern of the lineage", Ameghiniana 51 (4): 284–294, doi:10.5710/AMGH.24.04.2014.2741, Bibcode: 2014Amegh..51..284S, http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/2718, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Cerro Bandera Formation
- Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano; Arnal, Michelle (2015), "Systematic description of three new mammals (Notoungulata and Rodentia) from the early Miocene Cerro Bandera Formation, northern Patagonia, Argentina", Ameghiniana 52 (6): 585–597, doi:10.5710/AMGH.27.06.2015.2906, Bibcode: 2015Amegh..52..585K, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281596616, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Kramarz, Alejandro; Garrido, Alberto; Forasiepi, Analía; Bond, Mariano; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Estratigrafia y vertebrados (Aves y Mammalia) de la Formación Cerro Bandera, Mioceno Temprano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina", Revista Geológica de Chile 32 (2): 273–291, doi:10.4067/S0716-02082005000200006, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250374050, retrieved 2017-10-20
- Chapadmalal Formation
- Elissamburu, Andrea; Dondas, Alejandro; de Santis, Luciano (2011), "Morfometría de las paleocuevas de la "Fm." Chapadmalal y su asignación a Actenomys (Rodentia), Paedotherium (Notoungulata) y otros mamíferos fósiles hospedantes", Mastozoología Neotropical 18: 227–238, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/mznt/v18n2/v18n2a05.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Oliva, Cristian; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Dondas, Alejandro; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan (2010), "Los Glyptodontinae (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) del Piso/Edad Chapadmalalense (Plioceno tardío): revisión y aportes a su conocimiento", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 27: 112–120, http://satori.geociencias.unam.mx/27-1/(09)Oliva.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Olivares, A. Itatí; Verzi, Diego H.; Guiomar Vucetich, M. (2012), "Definición del género Eumysops Ameghino 1888 (Rodentia, Echimyidae) y sistemática de las especies del Plioceno temprano de la Argentina central", Ameghiniana 49 (2): 198–216, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(450), Bibcode: 2012Amegh..49..198O, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa004254.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Pérez Ben, Celeste M.; Gómez, Raúl O.; Báez, Ana M. (2019), "A new Pliocene true toad (Anura: Bufonidae): first record of an extinct species from South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39 (1), doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1576183, Bibcode: 2019JVPal..39E6183P
- Chichinales Formation
- Agnolin, Federico L.; Chafrat, Pablo (2015), "New fossil bird remains from the Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina", Annales de Paléontologie 101 (2): 87–94, doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001, Bibcode: 2015AnPal.101...87A, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273206896, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Paz, Ernesto Rodrigo (2013), "Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 30: 186–195, http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/572/57226227017.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-20
- Chiquimil Formation
- Esteban, G.; Nasif, N.; Georgieff, S.M. (2014), "Cronobioestratigrafía del Mioceno tardío – Plioceno temprano, Puerta de Corral Quemado y Villavil, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina", Acta Geológica Lilloana 26: 165–192, http://www.lillo.org.ar/revis/geo/2014-26-2/05.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Madozzo Jaén, María Carolina; Pérez, María Encarnación (2017), "The most ancient caviine rodent (Hystricognathi, Cavioidea) comes from the late Miocene of Northwest Argentina (South America)", Historical Biology 29 (3): 376–383, doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1166360, Bibcode: 2017HBio...29..376M, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299569777, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Martínez, Leandro C.A.; Lutz, Alicia I. (2004), Estudios preliminares de la xiloflora de la Formación Chiquimil (Catamarca), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste - Comunicaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, pp. 1–3, http://www.unne.edu.ar/unnevieja/Web/cyt/com2004/6-Biologia/B-018.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Mautino, Lilia R.; Anzótegui, Luisa M., Polen de la Formación Chiquimil, en la Localidad Vallecito (Mioceno Superior) Provincia de Catamarca, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, pp. 1–3, http://www.unne.edu.ar/unnevieja/Web/cyt/cyt/biologia/b-054.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Morton, L.S.; Herbst, R., Gastrópodos (Orthalicidae) de la Formación Chiquimil (Mioceno) de Villavil, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, pp. 1–3, http://www.unne.edu.ar/unnevieja/Web/cyt/cyt/biologia/b-002.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Collón Curá Formation
- Abello, María Alejandra; Rubilar Rogers, David (2012), "Revisión del género Abderites Ameghino, 1887 (Marsupialia, Paucituberculata)", Ameghiniana 49 (2): 164–184, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(408), Bibcode: 2012Amegh..49..164A, http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/408/1134, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Dalla Salda, Luis; Franzese, Juan (2014), "Las megaestructuras del Macizo y Cordillera Norpatagónica argentina y la génesis de las cuencas volcano-sedimentarias terciarias", Revista Geológica de Chile 31: 3–13, http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/viewFile/V14n2-a01/pdf, retrieved 2018-09-04
- Escosteguy, Leonardo; Franchi, Mario (2010), "Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 66: 418–429, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v66n3/v66n3a12.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Nardoni, Bárbara Vera; Reguero, Marcelo; González Ruiz, Laureano (2017), "The Interatheriinae notoungulates from the middle Miocene Collón Curá Formation in Argentina", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (4): 845–863, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319108534, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Deseado Formation
- Agnolin, Federico (2006), "Posición sistemática de algunas aves fororracoideas (Ralliformes: Cariamae) Argentinas", Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 8: 27–33, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.8.348, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228614722, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Forasiepi, Analía M.; Babot, M. Judith; Zimicz, Natalia (2014), "Australohyaena antiqua (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), a large predator from the Late Oligocene of Patagonia", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 (6): 503–525, doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.926403, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263259331, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Divisadero Largo Formation
- Simpson, G.G.; Minoprio, J.L.; Patterson, B. (1962), "The mammalian fauna of the Divisadero Largo Formation, Mendoza, Argentina", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127: 239–293, https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_48230_1962themammalianfaunaofthedivi1863/page/n5, retrieved 2019-02-15
- La Ensenada Formation
- Góis, Flávio; González Ruiz, Laureano Raúl; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan; Soibelzon, Esteban (2015), "A Peculiar New Pampatheriidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Pleistocene of Argentina and Comments on Pampatheriidae Diversity", PLoS ONE 10 (6), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128296, PMID 26083486, Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1028296G
- Picasso, Mariana B.J.; Degrange, Federico J. (2009), "El género Nothura (Aves, Tinamidae) en el Pleistoceno (Formación Ensenada) de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 26: 428–432, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47867785, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Tonni, E.P. (1999), "The Ensenada and Buenos Aires formations (Pleistocene) in a quarry near La Plata, Argentina", Journal of South American Earth Sciences 12 (3): 273–291, doi:10.1016/S0895-9811(99)00021-8, Bibcode: 1999JSAES..12..273T, http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/download/paper/paper_08959811_v12_n3_p273_Tonni.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Pérez, María E.; Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Contreras, Víctor H. (2019), "A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64: 1–14, http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app64/app005442018.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Las Flores Formation, Golfo San Jorge Basin
- Goin, F. J.; Candela, A.M.; Abello, M.A.; Oliveira, E.V. (2009), "Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (4): 867–884, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227668001, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v67n2/v67n2a08.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18
- Ugalde, Raúl; Bostelmann, Enrique; Oyarzún, José Luis (2013), Stratigraphic review of the Las Flores Formation, Sierra Baguales, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes, GeoSur Conference IV Viña del Mar, pp. 355–358, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264196606, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Fortín Tres Pozos Formation
- Soibelzon, Leopoldo Héctor (2010), "Primer registro fósil de Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798) (Carnivora, Procyonidae) en la Argentina", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 27: 313–319, http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/572/57216002009.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-03
- Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Miño Boilini, Ángel Ramón; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Iriondo, Martín; Alcaraz, María Alejandra (2009), "Paleontología del Chaco Oriental. Una nueva localidad con mamíferos fósiles pleistocenos en el río Bermejo (Formosa, Argentina)", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 26: 277–288, http://satori.geociencias.unam.mx/26-2/(01)Zurita.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-03
- Gaiman Formation
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina (2007), "Revisión sistemática de Palaeospheniscus biloculata (Simpson) nov. comb. (Aves, Spheniscidae) de la Formación Gaiman (Mioceno Temprano), Chubut, Argentina", Ameghiniana 44: 417–426, http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/viewFile/658/1374, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Viglino, Mariana; Buono, Mónica R.; Gutstein, Carolina S.; Cozzuol, Mario A.; Cuitiño, José I. (2018), "A new dolphin from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: Insights into the evolution of Platanistoidea in the Southern Hemisphere", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (2): 261–277, doi:10.4202/app.00441.2017, https://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app63/app004412017.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Geste Formation
- Ciancio, Martín R; Herrera, Claudia; Aramayo, Alejandro; Payrola, Patricio; Babot, Judith (2016), "Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle–late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (3): 575–590, doi:10.4202/app.00208.2015, Bibcode: 2016AcPaP..61..575C, https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app002082015.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- García López, D.A.; Babot, M.J. (2014), "Notoungulate faunas of north-western Argentina: new findings of early-diverging forms from the Eocene Geste Formation", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 (7): 557–579, doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.930527, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268631867, retrieved 2019-02-12
- López, Guillermo; Bond, Mariano (1995), "Un nuevo Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) del Terciario Inferior de la Puna argentina [A new Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) of Lower Tertiary from the argentinian Puna"], STVD. Geol. Salmant. 31: 87–99, http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0211-8327/article/viewFile/3878/3893, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation
- Reichler, Valeria A (2010), "Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas", Andean Geology 31: 177–219, https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/andgeol/v37n1/art08.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Hernandarias Formation
- Segovia, Román (2014), Micropaleontología del Cuaternario del sector austral del litoral, Argentina (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–372, http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/51375/Documento_completo__.pdf?sequence=3, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Huayquerías Formation
- Forasiepi, Analía M.; MacPhee, Ross D.E.; Hernández del Pino, Santiago; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Amson, Eli; Grohé, Camille (2016), "Exceptional skull of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the Late Miocene of Argentina: anatomy, systematics and paleobiological implications", Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 404: 1–76, doi:10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, http://www.digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6659/B404.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, retrieved 2018-10-01
- Garrido, Alberto C.; Bonini, Ricardo; Barbeau, David L. (2017), Paleoambiente, edad y vertebrados de la Formación Huayquerías, Mioceno tardio, Provincia de Mendoza, Republica Argentina, XX Congreso Geológico Argentino, pp. 50–55, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319550096, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Huitrera Formation
- Escosteguy, Leonardo; Franchi, Mario (2010), "Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 66: 418–429, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v66n3/v66n3a12.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- India Muerta Formation
- García López, Daniel A.; Barbot, M. Judith (2015), "A late Miocene Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Metatheria, Bonapartheriiformes) from northwestern Argentina", Ameghiniana 52 (3): 314–323, doi:10.5710/AMGH.17.02.2015.2876, Bibcode: 2015Amegh..52..314G, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276346254, retrieved 2017-08-15
- La Invernada Formation
- Combina, Ana María; Sánchez, María Lidia (2003), "Análisis sedimentológico de la Formación La Invernada, Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno, pedemonte de las Sierras de Comechingones, Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina", Revista Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología 10: 123–135, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raas/v10n2/v10n2a03.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Ituzaingó Formation
- Brandoni, Diego (2014), "A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 17 (1): 33–42, doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.04, Bibcode: 2014RvBrP..17...33B, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262373714, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Franco, María Jimena; Brea, Mariana; Orfeo, Óscar; Zucol, Alejandro F. (2013), "La paleoflora de la Formación Ituzaingó, Argentina", El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 14: 41–55, http://www.ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/7793/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9969_B.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Góis, Flávio; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Krmpotic, Cecilia M.; Oliva, Cristian; Zamorano, Martín (2013), "Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó de Entre Ríos, Argentina", Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial 14: 118–134, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/52483306.pdf, retrieved 2018-10-01
- Koluel Kaike Formation
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Laguna Brava Formation
- Vizán, H.; Geuna, S.; Melchor, R.; Bellosi, E.S.; Lagorio, S.L.; Vásquez, C.; Japas, M.S.; Ré, G. et al. (2013), "Geological setting and paleomagnetism of the Eocene red beds of Laguna Brava Formation (Quebrada Santo Domingo, northwestern Argentina)", Tectonophysics 583: 105–123, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.026, Bibcode: 2013Tectp.583..105V
- Laguna del Hunco Formation
- Wilf, Peter; Johnson, Kirk R.; Cúneo, N. Rubén; Smith, M. Elliot; Singer, Bradley S.; Gandolfo, Maria A. (2005), "Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina", The American Naturalist 135 (6): 634–650, doi:10.1086/430055, PMID 15937744, Bibcode: 2005ANat..165..634W, http://www3.geosc.psu.edu/~pdw3/2005_American_Naturalist.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-26
- Lefipán Formation
- Goin, Francisco & Rosendo Pascual, Marcelo F. Tejedor, Javier N. Gelfo, Michael O. Woodburne, Judd A. Case, Marcelo A. Reguero, Mariano Bond, Guillermo M. López, Alberto L. Cione, Daniel Udrizar Sautheir, Lucía Balarino, Roberto A. Scassos, Francisco A. Medina and María C. Ubaldón (2006), "The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (2): 505–510, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[505:TETTMF2.0.CO;2], https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249023002, retrieved 2017-10-26
- Leticia Formation
- Clarke, J.A.; Olivero, E.B.; Puerta, P. (2003), "Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America, and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina", American Museum Novitates (3423): 1–18, doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2003)423<0001:DOTEFP>2.0.CO;2, http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/2788//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N3423.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, retrieved 2019-02-20
- Loma de Las Tapias Formation
- Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Vieytes, Emma C.; Olivares, A. Itatí; Vucetich, María G. (2009), "Primer registro de Cardiatherium chasicoense (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) fuera del área pampeana (Argentina) y su valor bioestratigráfico", Ameghiniana 46: 295–305, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279670963, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Mones, Álvaro (2014), "Contrerascynus, new name for Simpsonia Contreras, 1990 (Mammalia, Sparassodonta, Hathlyacynidae), non Rochebrune, 1904 (Bivalvia, Unionidae), non Baker, 1911 (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 17 (3): 435–436, doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.3.12, Bibcode: 2014RvBrP..17..435M, http://www.sbpbrasil.org/assets/uploads/files/rbp17-3/12_Mones_pg435.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Olivares, A. Itatí; Verzi, Diego H.; Contreras, Victor H.; Pessôa, Leila (2016), "A new Echimyidae (Rodentia, Hystricomorpha) from the late Miocene of southern South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 (1), doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1239204, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309591703, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Luján Formation
- Blasi, Adriana (2010), "Paleoambientes de la cuenca media del Río Luján (Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante el último periodo glacial (EIO 4-2)", Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 17: 85–111, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153565394.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Fucks, Enrique; Blasi, Adriana; Carbonari, Jorge; Huarte, Roberto; Pisano, Florencia; Aguirre, Marina (2011), "Evolución geológica y geomorfológica de la cuenca del Río Areco, NE de la Provincia de Buenos Aires", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 68: 109–120, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v68n1/v68n1a10.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Lumbrera Formation
- Deraco, Virginia; García López, Daniel A. (2015), "A new Eocene Toxodontia (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from northwestern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1), doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1037884, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288871711, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Herrera, Claudia M. R.; Powell, Jaime E.; Esteban, Graciela I.; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "A New Eocene Dasypodid with Caniniforms (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Northwest Argentina", Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24 (3): 275–288, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9345-x, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305270482, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Del Papa, Cecilia E (2006), "Estratigrafía y paleoambientes de la Formación Lumbrera, Grupo Salta, Noroeste argentino", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 61: 313–327, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v61n3/v61n3a02.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Maimará Formation
- Abello, María Alejandra; De los Reyes, Martín; Candela, Adriana Magdalena; Pujos, François; Voglino, Damián; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino (2015), "Description of a new species of Sparassocynus (Marsupialia: Didelphoidea: Sparassocynidae) from the late Miocene of Jujuy (Argentina) and taxonomic review of Sparassocynus heterotopicus from the Pliocene of Bolivia", Zootaxa 3937 (1): 147–160, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.7, PMID 25947465, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274029340, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Bonini, Ricardo A.; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Cerdeño, Esperanza; Candela, Adriana M.; Solís, Natalia (2017), "First record of Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Miocene–early Pliocene of the southern central Andes, NW Argentina", Journal of Paleontology 91 (3): 566–576, doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.160, Bibcode: 2017JPal...91..566B, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315372454, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Pujos, François; Candela, Adriana; Galli, Claudia I.; Coiras, Beatriz L.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; de los Reyes, Martín; Abello, María Alejandra (2012), "The Scelidotherine Proscelidodon (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Late Miocene of Maimará (Northwestern Argentina, Jujuy Province)", Ameghiniana 49 (4): 668–674, doi:10.5710/AMGH.20.11.2012.593, Bibcode: 2012Amegh..49..668P, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa004297.pdf, retrieved 2018-10-01
- Maíz Gordo Formation
- Narváez, Paula Liliana (2009), Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de Salta, pp. 1–229, http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/5502/narvaez-tesisd.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-18
- Mariño Formation
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Combina, Ana María (2018), "A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications", Journal of South American Earth Sciences 88: 118–131, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.06.016, Bibcode: 2018JSAES..88..118C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325955181, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Guiomar Vucetich, M. (2007), "The first rodent from the Mariño Formation (Miocene) at Divisadero Largo (Mendoza, Argentina) and its biochronological implications", Andean Geology 34: 199–207, doi:10.5027/andgeoV34n2-a02, http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1739/173918417002.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-23
- Mealla Formation
- Sánchez, María Cristina; Marquillas, Rosa A. (2010), "Facies y ambientes del Grupo Salta (Cretácico-Paleógeno) en Tumbaya, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 383–391, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v67n3/v67n3a07.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-07
- Miramar & San Andrés Formations
- Gaudioso, P.J.; Gasparini, G.M.; Herbst, R.; Bárquez, R.M. (2017), "First record of the Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli, 1921 (Mammalia, Litopterna) in the Pleistocene of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina", Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 57 (3): 23–29, doi:10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.03, http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paz/v57n3/1807-0205-paz-57-03-23.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Isla, Federico; Taglioretti, Matías; Dondas, Alejandro (2015), "Revisión y nuevos aportes sobre la estratigrafía y sedimentología de los acantilados entre Mar de Cobo y Miramar, Provincia de Buenos Aires", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 72: 235–250, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v72n2/v72n2a07.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Olivares, A.I.; Verzi, D.H. (2015), "Systematics, phylogeny and evolutionary pattern of the hystricognath rodent Eumysops (Echimyidae) from the Plio–Pleistocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27 (8): 1042–1061, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.929672, Bibcode: 2015HBio...27.1042O, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263568631, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Monte Hermoso Formation
- Agnolin, Federico L.; Bogan, Sergio; Tomassini, Rodrigo L.; Manera, Teresa (2014), "Nuevo Percichthyidae (Teleostei, Percoidei) del Plioceno temprano de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y sus implicancias biogeográficas", Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 16: 19–31, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.16.159, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/rmacn/v16n1/v16n1a03.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Albino, Adriana M.; Rodrigo, Tomassini; Brizuela, Santiago (2009), "Presencia del lagarto teiido Tupinambis en la FormaciónMonte Hermoso de Farola Monte Hermoso, sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina)", Ameghiniana 46: 177–187, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234006652, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Barbière, Franck; Ortiz, Pablo E.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J. (2019), "The oldest sigmodontine rodent revisited and the age of the first South American cricetids", Journal of Paleontology 93 (2): 368–384, doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.74, Bibcode: 2019JPal...93..368B, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329716532, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Bogan, Sergio; Agnolin, Federico L. (2009), "Primer registro fósil de la familia Trichomycteridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes; Plioceno) en la Formación Monte Hermoso, Argentina", Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales 11: 193–198, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.11.259, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/rmacn/v11n2/v11n2a05.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Nicoli, Laura (2015), "New fossil species of the extant genus Lepidobatrachus (Anura, Ceratophryidae) from the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene of central Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (5), doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.981636, Bibcode: 2015JVPal..35E1636N, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280624744, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Monte León Formation
- Náñez, Carolina; Quattrocchio, Mirta E.; Ruiz, Liliana (2009), "Palinología y micropaleontología de las Formaciones San Julián y Monte León (Oligoceno - Mioceno temprano) en el subsuelo de cabo Curioso, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina", Ameghiniana 46: 669–693, http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0002-70142009000400007, retrieved 2017-08-15
- El Morterito Formation
- Morton, Lourdes S.; Herbst, Rafael (2007), "Gastrópodos de la Formación El Morterito (Mioceno Superior), Valle del Cajón, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina", Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 9: 153–160, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.9.305, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268181974, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Palo Pintado Formation
- Anzótegui, Luisa M.; Horn, Maricel Yarina (2011), "Megaflora de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno Superior) Salta, Argentina Parte II", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 14 (3): 239–254, doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.3.04, Bibcode: 2011RvBrP..14..239A, http://www.sbpbrasil.org/revista/edicoes/14_3/artigo_04.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-22
- Galli, Claudia Inés; Anzótegui, Luisa Matilde; Horn, Maricel Yanina; Morton, Lourdes Susana (2011), "Paleoambiente y paleocomunidades de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno-Plioceno), Provincia de Salta, Argentina", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 28: 161–174, http://satori.geociencias.unam.mx/28-1/(12)Galli.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-22
- Reguero, Marcelo A.; Candela, Adriana M.; Galli, Claudia I.; Bonini, Ricardo; Voglino, Damián (2015), "A new Hypsodont Notoungulate (Hegetotheriidae, Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Salta province, Northwest of Argentina", Andean Geology 42: 56–70, doi:10.5027/andgeoV42n1-a04, http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/andgeol/v42n1/art04.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Paraná Formation
- Brea, Mariana; Franco, María Jimena; Zucol, Alejandro F. (2013), "Paleoflora de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno Tardío), Cuenca Chaco-Paranaense, Argentina", El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 14: 41–55, http://www.ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/7793/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9969_B.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y, retrieved 2018-09-03
- Cione, Alberto Luis; Cabrera, Daniel Alfredo; Barla, María Julia (2012), "Oldest record of the Great White Shark (Lamnidae, Carcharodon; Miocene) in the Southern Atlantic", Geobios 45 (2): 167–172, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2011.06.002, Bibcode: 2012Geobi..45..167C, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002136.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-22 * Martín Pérez, Leandro (2013), Sistemática, tafonomía y paleoecología de los invertebrados de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno), Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (PhD thesis), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–398, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/tesis/tesis_1255.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Peñas Coloradas Formation
- Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Emily et al. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations", GSA Bulletin 126 (3–4): 289–306, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, Bibcode: 2014GSAB..126..289C, https://ceps.unh.edu/sites/ceps.unh.edu/files/departments/earth_sciences/clyde_et_al._2014.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Pinturas Formation
- Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano (2005), "Los Litopterna (Mammalia) de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno Temprano-Medio de Patagonia", Ameghiniana 42: 611–625, http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/928/1693, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Kramarz, Alejandro G (2001), Estudio de la fauna de roedores de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno medio inferior de la Provincia de Santa Cruz (PhD thesis), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–300, http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_3349_Kramarz.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Piquete Formation
- González Bonorino, Gustavo; Abascal, Liliana del Valle (2012), "Orogénesis y drenaje en la región del Valle de Lerma (Cordillera Oriental, Salta, Argentina) durante Pleistoceno tardio", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 69: 127–141, http://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/5500/CONICET_Digital_Nro.6900_A.pdf?sequence=2, retrieved 2018-10-01
- Playa de Los Lobos Allo Formation
- Degrange, Federico J.; Tambussi, Claudia P.; Taglioretti, Matías L.; Dondas, Alejandro; Scaglia, Fernando (2015), "A new Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (2), doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.912656, Bibcode: 2015JVPal..35E2656D, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275272037, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Puerta del Diablo Formation
- Cione, Alberto Luis; Casciotta, Jorge Rafael; Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes; Barla, María Julia; Cozzuol, Mario Alberto (2005), "Peces marinos y continentales del Mioceno del área mesopotámica argentina. Edad y relaciones biogeográficas", Insugeo 14: 49–64, http://insugeo.org.ar/publicaciones/docs/misc-14-05.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-27
- Puerto Madryn Formation
- Acosta Hospitaleche, C.; Tambussi, C.; Donato, M.; Cozzuol, M. (2007), "A new Miocene penguin from Patagonia and its phylogenetic relationships", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52: 299–314, https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app52/app52-299.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-25
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina (2003), "Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Puerto Madryn (Mioceno Tardío temprano), provincia de Chubut, Argentina [Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) in the Puerto Madryn Formation (early Late Mioceno), Chubut Province, Argentina"], Española de Paleontología 18: 179–183, http://www.sepaleontologia.es/revista/anteriores/REP%20(2003)%20vol.%2018/2/06.%20Acosta.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation
- Chornogubsky, Laura; Zimicz, A. Natalia; Goin, Francisco J.; Fernicola, Juan C.; Payrola, Patricio; Cárdenas, Magalí (2019), "New Palaeogene metatherians from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina)", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (7): 539–555, doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1417333, Bibcode: 2019JSPal..17..539C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322436675, retrieved 2018-10-01
- García López, Daniel A.; Deraco, Virginia; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "Fossil mammals of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation (late middle Eocene) at the locality of La Poma, Salta Province, Argentina", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 30 (4): 507–517, doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1299150, Bibcode: 2018HBio...30..507G, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314520175, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Del Papa, Cecilia (2013), "Relaciones estratigráficas de las formaciones Quebrada de Los Colorados y Angastaco (Paleógeno-Neógeno), Valles Calchaquíes, Salta (Argentina): Significado en el análisis de la cuenca del Grupo Payogastilla", Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 20: 51–64, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/158837649.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Payrola Bosio, Patricio Augusto; del Papa, Cecilia; Hongn, Fernando; Powell, Jaime (2010), "Estratigrafía del Valle de Luracatao (Valle Calchaquí, Noroeste Argentino): Nueva propuesta", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 309–318, http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v67n3/v67n3a01.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-07
- Río Chico Group
- Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67: 239–256, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa002591.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Río Foyel Formation
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Griffin, Miguel; Asensio, Marcos; Cione, Alberto Luis; Tambussi, Claudia (2013), "Middle Cenozoic penguin remains from the Patagonian Cordillera", Andean Geology 40: 490–503, http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/andgeol/v40n3/art05.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-26
- Encinas, Alfonso; Folguera, Andrés; Bechis, Florencia; Finger, Kenneth L.; Zambrano, Patricio; Pérez, Felipe; Bernabé, Pablo; Tapia, Francisca et al. (2018). "The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Marine Transgression of Patagonia". The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 443–474. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3_18. ISBN 978-3-319-67773-6.
- Río Loro Formation
- Pol, Diego; Powell, Jaime E. (2011), "A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Rio Loro Formation (Palaeocene) of north-western Argentina", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: S7–S36, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00714.x
- Río Mayo Formation
- Escosteguy, Leonardo; Dal Molín, Carlos; Franchi, Mario; Guena, Silvena; Lapido, Omar; Genini, Adolfo (2003), Hoja Geológica 4772-II Lago Buenos Aires, Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales, Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino, pp. 1–80, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292994771, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Río Negro Formation
- Pérez, Mariano (2012), Análisis paleoambiental del miembro superior de la Formación Río Negro (Mioceno-Plioceno de Patagonia septentrional): un ejemplo de interacción fluvio-eólica compleja (BSc. thesis), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, pp. 1–47, http://www.biblioteca.unlpam.edu.ar/rdata/tesis/x_perana770.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Río Quinto Formation
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Chiesa, Jorge; Ojeda, Guillermo (2008), "Presence of Oxyodontherium (Macraucheniidae, Litopterna)in the Río Quinto Formation, San Luis (Argentina)", Journal of South American Earth Sciences 25 (2): 217–226, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2007.06.004, Bibcode: 2008JSAES..25..217C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248481512, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Saladillo Formation
- Brambilla, Luciano; Ibarra, Damián Alberto (2017), "A new species of Eutatus Gervais (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) from the Late Pleistocene of the Northern Pampean Region, Argentina", Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (1): Article number 20.1.13A, http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2017/1767-a-new-species-of-eutatus, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Salamanca Formation
- Apesteguia, Sebastián; Gómez, Raúl O.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2014), "The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 (1792), doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0811, PMID 25143041, PMC 4150314, Bibcode: 2014PBioS.28140811A, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264897519
- Bonaparte, J.F.; Morales, J. (1997), "Un primitico Notonychopidae (Litopterna) del paleoceno inferior de Punta Peligro, Chubut, Argentina", Estudios Geológicos 53 (5–6): 263–274, doi:10.3989/egeol.97535-6232, Bibcode: 1997EstGM..53..263B, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36033643.pdf, retrieved 2018-10-01
- Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Barnum, Timothy; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk et al. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations", GSA Bulletin 126 (3–4): 289–306, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, Bibcode: 2014GSAB..126..289C, https://ceps.unh.edu/sites/ceps.unh.edu/files/departments/earth_sciences/clyde_et_al._2014.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Jud, Nathan A.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Iglesias, Ari; Wilf, Peter (2017), "Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia", PLOS ONE 12 (5), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176164, PMID 28489895, Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1276164J
- Ruiz, Daniela P.; Brea, Mariana; Raigemborn, M. Sol; Matheos, Sergio D. (2017), "Conifer woods from the Salamanca Formation (early Paleocene), Central Patagonia, Argentina: Paleoenvironmental implications", Journal of South American Earth Sciences 76: 427–445, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2017.04.006, Bibcode: 2017JSAES..76..427R, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316173102, retrieved 2019-02-14
- Saldungaray Formation
- Verzi, Diego H.; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Deschamps, Cecilia M. (2008), "Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Late Miocene of central Argentina: Evidence from rodents and taphonomy", Geobios 41 (1): 145–155, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.09.005, Bibcode: 2008Geobi..41..145V, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248616305, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Salicas Formation
- Brandoni, Diego; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Candela, Adriana M.; Noriega, Jorge I.; Brunetto, Ernesto; Fiorelli, Lucas E. (2012), "Mammals from the Salicas Formation (Late Miocene), La Rioja Province, Northwestern Argentina: Paleobiogeography, age and paleoenvironment", Ameghiniana 49 (3): 1–13, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i3(467), Bibcode: 2012Amegh..49..375B, http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/repositorio/_documentos/sipcyt/bfa004294.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Santa Cruz Formation
- Agnolin, Federico L (2009), Sistemática y Filogenia de las Aves Fororracoideas (Gruiformes, Cariamae), Fundación de Historia Natural Felix de Azara, pp. 1–79, http://www.fundacionazara.org.ar/img/libros/sistematica-y-filogenia-de-aves-fororracoideas.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Arnal, M.; Vucetich, M.G. (2015), "Revision of the fossil rodent Acaremys Ameghino, 1887 (Hystricognathi, Octodontoidea, Acaremyidae) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) and the description of a new acaremyid", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27 (1): 42–59, doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.863881, Bibcode: 2015HBio...27...42A, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271751624, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Bostelmann, J. Enrique; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Vásquez, Ana; Gutiérrez, Néstor M.; Oyarzún, José Luis; Carreño, Catalina; Torres, Teresa; Otero, Rodrigo et al. (2013), "Burdigalian deposits of the Santa Cruz Formation in the Sierra Baguales, Austral (Magallanes) Basin: Age, depositional environment and vertebrate fossils", Andean Geology 40: 458–489, https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/andgeol/v40n3/art04.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Brea, Mariana; Zucol, Alejandro F.; Bargo, M. Susana; Fernicola, Juan Carlos; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (2017), "First Miocene record of Akaniaceae in Patagonia (Argentina): a fossil wood from the early Miocene Santa Cruz formation and its palaeobiogeographical implications", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (3): 334–347, doi:10.1093/botlinnean/bow014, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322679536, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Buffetaut, Éric (2016), "A reassessment of the giant birds Liornis floweri Ameghino, 1895 and Callornis giganteus Ameghino, 1895, from the Santacrucian (late Early Miocene) of Argentina", Palæovertebrata 40 (2), doi:10.18563/pv.40.2.e3, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311547569, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Cenizo, Marcos Martín; Agnolín, Federico Lisandro (2010), "The southernmost records of Anhingidae and a new basal species of Anatidae (Aves) from the lower–middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 34 (4): 493–514, doi:10.1080/03115511003793504, Bibcode: 2010Alch...34..493C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232909083, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Chandler, Robert M (2012), "A new species of tinamou (Aves: Tinamiformes, Tinamidae) from the Early-Middle Miocene of Argentina", PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 9 (2): 1–8, http://www.palarch.nl/wp-content/Chandler_2012_A_New_Species_of_Tinamou_from_the_Early_Middle_Miocene_of_Argentina_TERQUA_Proceedings_2011_PJVP_9_2.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Ercoli, Marcos D.; Prevosti, Francisco J. (2011), "Estimación de masa de las especies de Sparassodonta (Mammalia, Metatheria) de edad Santacrucense (Mioceno Temprano) a partir del tamaño del centroide de los elementos apendiculares: inferencias paleoecológicas", Ameghiniana 48 (4): 462–479, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v48i4(347), Bibcode: 2011Amegh..48..462E, http://ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/viewArticle/347, retrieved 2019-02-28
- González, Laureano Raúl; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan (2008), "Una nueva especie de Stegotherium Ameghino (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae, Stegotheriini) del Mioceno de la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina)", Ameghiniana 45: 641–648, http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0002-70142008000400001&lng=es, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Mayr, Gerald; Noriega, Jorge I. (2015), "A well-preserved partial skeleton of the poorly known early Miocene seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (3): 589–598, doi:10.4202/app.00011.2013, Bibcode: 2015AcPaP..60..589M, https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app60/app000112013.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Muñoz, Nahuel A.; Toledo, Néstor; Candela, Adriana M.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (2019), "Functional morphology of the forelimb of Early Miocene caviomorph rodents from Patagonia", Lethaia 52 (1): 91–106, doi:10.1111/let.12292, Bibcode: 2019Letha..52...91M, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327934333, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Noriega, Jorge I.; Mayr, Gerald (2017), "The systematic affinities of the putative seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis (Noriega et al., 2009) from the Miocene of Argentina", Contribuciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 7: 133–139
- Noriega, Jorge I.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Bargo, Susana (2009), "First Record and a New Species of Seriema (Aves: Ralliformes: Cariamidae) from Santacrucian (Early-Middle Miocene) Beds of Patagonia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (2): 620–626, doi:10.1671/039.029.0216, Bibcode: 2009JVPal..29..620N, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240535635, retrieved 2019-02-28
- Sinclair, W.; Farr, M. (1932), "Aves of the Santa Cruz beds", Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia (1896–1899) 7: 157–191
- Verzi, Diego H.; Olivares, A. Itatí; Morgan, Cecilia C. (2017), "Systematics and evolutionary significance of the small Abrocomidae from the early Miocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 29 (3): 411–422, doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1168410, Bibcode: 2017HBio...29..411V, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299999551, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Kay, Richard F.; Bargo, Susana (2012), Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–370, ISBN 978-0-521-19461-7, https://books.google.com/books?id=3Ce0uINITb4C, retrieved 2017-10-21
- Sarmiento Formation & Colhué Huapí Member
- Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina"], Revista Española de Paleontología 20: 127–132, http://www.sepaleontologia.es/revista/anteriores/REP%20%282005%29%20vol.%2020/2/01.%20Acosta%20&%20Tambussi.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Arnal, Michelle; Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Vucetich, M. Guiomar; Vieytes, E. Carolina (2014), "A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (2): 397–406, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.808203, Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34..397A, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263555476, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Cheme Arriaga, Lucas; Dozo, María Teresa; Gelfo, Javier N. (2016), "A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (6), doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1229672, Bibcode: 2016JVPal..36E9672C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309370068, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Dozo, María Teresa; Ciancio, Martín; Bouza, Pablo; Martínez, Gastón (2014), "Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas", Andean Geology 41: 224–247, doi:10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a09, Bibcode: 2014AndGe..41a...9D, http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/andgeol/v41n1/art09.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Pérez, María Encarnación; Krause, Marcelo; Vucetich, María Guiomar (2012), "A new species of Chubutomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and its implications on the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea sensu stricto", Geobios 45 (6): 573–580, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.06.001, Bibcode: 2012Geobi..45..573P
- Shockey, Bruce J.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip; Wyss, André R. (2012), "New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses", American Museum Novitates (3737): 1–64, doi:10.1206/3737.2, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232690741, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Sterli, Juliana; De la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Krause, J. Marcelo (2015), "A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata)", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (3): 519–548, doi:10.1111/zoj.12252, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280972149, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Vucetich, M.G.; Dozo, M.T.; Arnal, M.; Pérez, M.E. (2015), "New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27 (2): 236–257, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.883506, Bibcode: 2015HBio...27..236V, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267629182, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Vucetich, María G.; Pérez, María E.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Madden, Richard H.; Kohn, Matthew J. (2014), "A new acaremyid rodent (Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea) from Scarritt Pocket, Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Patagonia (Argentina)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (3): 689–698, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.804414, Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34..689V, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262579842, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Wyss, André R.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3903: 1–42, http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6901, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Toro Negro Formation
- Ciccioli, Patricia L (2017), "Estudios de procedencia de la Formación Toro Negro a partir de modas detríticas y edades U-Pb en circones detríticos: implicancias para la evolución del Antepaís Fracturado Andino (La Rioja)", Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 69: 68–82, http://www.ancefn.org.ar/biblioteca/anales/tomo_69/14.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Uquía Formation
- Daza, J.D.; Abdala, V.; Arias, J.S.; García López, D.; Ortiz, P. (2012), "Cladistic Analysis of Iguania and a Fossil Lizard from the Late Pliocene of Northwestern Argentina", Journal of Herpetology 46 (1): 104–119, doi:10.1670/10-112, Bibcode: 2012JHerp..46..104D
- Ortiz, Pablo E.; Jayat, J. Pablo; Steppan, Scott J. (2012), "A New fossil phyllotine (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from the late Pliocene in the Andes of northern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (6): 1429–1441, doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.707998, Bibcode: 2012JVPal..32.1429O, https://www.bio.fsu.edu/steppan/publications/Ortiz%20et%20al%202012.%20Pardinamys.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Reguero, Marcelo A.; Candela, Adriana M. (2008), Bioestratigrafía de las secuencias neógenas tardías de la Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy. Implicancias paleoambientales y paleobiogeográficas, Relatorio del XVII Congreso Geológico Argentino, pp. 286–296, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259527899, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Vaca Mahuida Formation
- Montalvo, C.; Bond, M. (1998), "Un notoungulata de la Formación Vaca Mahuida (Eoceno), provincia de La Pampa, Argentina", Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 5: 55–60, http://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/177/183, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Ventana Formation
- Petrulevicius, J.F.; Popov, Y.A. (2014), "First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta, Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina", ZooKeys (422): 23–3, doi:10.3897/zookeys.422.6750, PMID 25061387, PMC 4109444, Bibcode: 2014ZooK..422...23P, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264245642, retrieved 2019-02-22
- Wilf, P.; Johnson, K.R.; Cúneo, N.R.; Smith, M.E.; Singer, B.S.; Gandolfo, M.A. (2005), "Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina", The American Naturalist 165 (6): 634–650, doi:10.1086/430055, PMID 15937744, Bibcode: 2005ANat..165..634W, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312253100, retrieved 2019-02-22
- Vorohué Formation
- Olivares, A.I.; Verzi, D.H. (2015), "Systematics, phylogeny and evolutionary pattern of the hystricognath rodent Eumysops (Echimyidae) from the Plio–Pleistocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27 (8): 1042–1061, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.929672, Bibcode: 2015HBio...27.1042O, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263568631, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Orgeira, María Julia (1988), Estudio geológico y paleomagnético de los sedimentos asignados al cenozoico tardío aflorantes costeros entre Mar del Plata y Miramar (Provincia de Buenos Aires) (PhD thesis), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–170, https://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/download/tesis/tesis_n2129_Orgeira.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Tonni, Eduardo P.; Noriega, Jorge I. (1996), "Una nueva especie de Nandayus Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves: Psittaciformes) del Pliocene tardío de Argentina", Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 69: 97–104, http://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1996/1/Tonni_&_Noriega_1996.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-24
- Yupoí Formation
- Erra, Georgina; Osterrieth, Margarita; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Lutz, Alicia I.; Laffont, Enrique; Coronel, Juan M.; Francia, Analia (2016), "Primer registro de termiteros fósiles para el Pleistoceno tardío de la región mesopotámica (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales", Acta Biológica Colombiana 21: 63–72, http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/abc/v21n1/v21n1a06.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
Bolivia
- Marshall, Larry G.; Sempere, Thierry (1991), "The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review", Revista técnica de YPFB 12: 631–652, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32979728, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Renner, Sven; Velasco, Carlos (2000), Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba - Geology and hydrogeology of the Central Valley of Cochabamba, Convenio alemán-boliviano de aguas subterraneas (CABAS) - German-Bolivian Agreement on Groundwater (CABAS), pp. 1–113, https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Wasser/Projekte/abgeschlossen/TZ/Bolivia/renner_velasco.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3, retrieved 2018-09-04
- Rocha, Emilio (2013), Estilos estructurales del Subandino Sur de Bolivia (PhD thesis), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–204, http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/download/tesis/tesis_n5476_Rocha.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Casira Formation
- Cerdeño, Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Schmidt, Gabriela Inés; Pujos, François; Mamaní Quispe, Bernardino (2012), "An almost complete skeleton of a new Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Late Miocene of Casira, Bolivia", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (2): 341–360, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569576, Bibcode: 2012JSPal..10..341C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254249490, retrieved 2019-02-15
- Cerdas beds
- Croft, Darin A.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Brandoni, Diego; Drew, Nicholas E.; Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico (2016), "New mammal faunal data from Cerdas, Bolivia, a middle-latitude Neotropical site that chronicles the end of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum in South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (5), doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1163574, Bibcode: 2016JVPal..36E3574C, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301689954, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Honda Group
- Croft, Darin A (2007), "The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia and a description of its Notoungulates", Palaeontology 50 (1): 277–303, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00610.x, Bibcode: 2007Palgy..50..277C, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00610.x/pdf, retrieved 2017-05-04
- Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "Australogale leptognathus, gen. et sp. nov., a second species of small sparassodont (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the middle Miocene locality of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia", Journal of Mammalian Evolution in press: _, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326020614, retrieved 2018-10-01
- Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico; Croft, Darin A. (2016), "New palaeothentid marsupials (Paucituberculata) from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and their implications for the palaeoecology, decline and extinction of the Palaeothentoidea", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 (10): 787–820, doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1240112, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309801394, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Pujos, François; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino; Andrade Flores, Ruben (2014), "Lakukullus anatisrostratus, gen. et sp. nov., a new massive nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Pilosa) from the middle Miocene of Bolivia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (5): 1243–1248, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.849716, Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34.1243P, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265606232, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Lacayani fauna
- Billet, Guillaume; De Muizon, Christian; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino (2008), "Late Oligocene mesotheriids (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla and Lacayani (Bolivia): implications for basal mesotheriid phylogeny and distribution", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152: 153–200, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00388.x, https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/152/1/153/2614029, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Ñuapua Formation
- Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.; Galliari, Carlos A. (1998), "Sigmodontinos (Rodentia, Muridae) del Holoceno inferior de Bolivia", Revista Española de Paleontología 13: 17–25, http://www.sepaleontologia.es/revista/anteriores/REP%20%281998%29%20vol.%2013/1/01.%20Pardinas%20&%20Galliari.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-03
- Quehua Formation
- Baldellón P., Eddy; Fornari, Michel; Espinoza R., Félix; Soler, Pierre (1994), Sucesión Estructural de la Zona Serranía de las Minas, Memorias del XI Congreso Geológico de Bolivia, pp. 238–247, http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/b_fdi_55-56/010021833.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-25
- Salla Formation
- Reguero, Marcelo A.; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2005), "New late Oligocene Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla, Bolivia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (3): 674–684, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0674:NLOHMN2.0.CO;2], https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232679389, retrieved 2018-09-11
- Rincón, Ascanio D.; Shockey, Bruce J.; Anaya, Federico; Solórzano, Andrés (2015), "Palaeothentid Marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia (Late Oligocene): Two New Species and Insights into the Post-Eocene Radiation of Palaeothentoids", Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22 (4): 455–471, doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9295-8, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275969026, retrieved 2019-02-13
- Shockey, Bruce J (2017), "New early diverging cingulate (Xenarthra: Peltephilidae) from the Late Oligocene of Bolivia and considerations regarding the origin of crown Xenarthra", Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 58 (2): 371–396, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320468895, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Santa Lucía Formation
- Buffetaut, É.; Marshall, L.G. (1991), A new crocodilian, Sebecus querejazus, nov. sp. (Mesosuchia, Sebecidae) from the Santa Lucía Formation (Early Paleocene) at Vila Vila, Southern Bolivia, Revista Técnica de YPFB, pp. 545–557
- Gaffney, Eugene S.; Meylan, Peter A.; Wood, Roger C.; Simons, Elwyn; De Almeida Campos, Diogenes (2011), "Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the family Podocnemididae", AMNH Bulletin 350: 1–237, https://wetlandsinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/gaffneyetal.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Gayet, Mireille; Marshall, Larry G.; Sempere, Thierry (1991), "The Mesozoic and Paleocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review", Revista técnica de YPFB 12: 393–433, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32979727, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Jiménez, Grisel (2012), Estratigrafía, facies y ambientes evolutivos de depósito del Paleógeno Inferior: Formación Santa Lucía (Sinclinal de Miraflores - Sección Cayara, Potosí), ., pp. 1–23, https://georockgris.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/estratigrafia_cuenca-miraflores-grisel-jimenez-soto.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- De Muizon, Christian; Ladevèze, Sandrine; Selva, Charlène; Vignaud, Robin; Goussard, Florent (2018), "Allqokirus australis (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America", Geodiversitas 40 (16): 363–459, doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a16, Bibcode: 2018Geodv..40..363M, http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/16, retrieved 2019-02-11
- Rage, J.C. (1991), "Gymnophionan Amphibia from the early Paleocene (Santa Lucía Formation) of Tiupampa (Bolivia). The oldest known Gymnophiona", Revista técnica de YPFB 12: 499–501, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254255683, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Rage, J.C. (1991), "Squamate Reptiles from the early Paleocene of Tiupampa area (Santa Lucía Formation), Bolivia", Revista técnica de YPFB 12: 503–508, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254255800, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Renner, Sven; Velasco, Carlos (2000), "Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba", Boletín del Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería 34: 1–113, https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Wasser/Projekte/abgeschlossen/TZ/Bolivia/renner_velasco.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Sempere, Thierry; Butler, R.F.; Richards, D.R.; Marshall, L.G.; Sharp, W.; Swisher, C.C. (1997), "Stratigraphy and chronology of Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleogene strata in Bolivia and northwest Argentina", GSA Bulletin 109 (6): 709–727, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0709:SACOUC>2.3.CO;2, Bibcode: 1997GSAB..109..709S, http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/b_fdi_57-58/010022895.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Tarija Formation
- Machado, Leonardo F.; Leite, Yuri L.R.; Christoff, Alexandre U.; Giugliano, Lilian G. (2014), "Phylogeny and biogeography of tetralophodont rodents of the tribe Oryzomyini (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)", Zoologica Scripta 43 (2): 119–130, doi:10.1111/zsc.12041, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259556958, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Umala Formation
- Pujos, François; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino; Adnet, Sylvain; Flores, Ruben Andrade; Billet, Guillaume; Fernández Monescillo, Marcos; Marivaux, Laurent et al. (2016), "A new nothrotheriid xenarthran from the early Pliocene of Pomata-Ayte (Bolivia): new insights into the caniniform–molariform transition in sloths", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178 (3): 679–712, doi:10.1111/zoj.12429, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301889978, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Yecua & Petaca Formations
- Hernández, R.; Jordan, T.; Dalenz Farjat, A.; Echavarría, L.; Idelman, B.; Reynolds, J. (2002), Edades, distribución, controles tectónicos y eustáticos de las ingresiones marinas paranense y caribeana en el sur de Bolivia y Argentina, V Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología, pp. 1–27, http://www.xrgeomap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Hern%E2%80%A0ndez-Jordan-Dalenz-Farjat-Echavarr%C2%B0a-Idelman-Reynolds-2002.pdf, retrieved 2018-09-10
Brazil
- Rêgo Henriques, Deise Dias; Gallo da Silva, Valéria; Barbosa de Carvalho, Luciana; Kugland de Azevedo, Sergio Alex, Coleçao de tipos e figurados (8/1997), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, pp. 1–20, http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/dgp/DGP_Paleoverte_Colecao-tipos-e-figurados.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Entre-Corrégos Formation
- Pereira, Karoline Gonçalves (2015), Mirtáceas da formação Entre-Corrégos, paleógeno da bacia de Aiuruoca, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil (MSc. thesis), Universidade Guarulhos, pp. 1–139, http://tede.ung.br/bitstream/123456789/635/1/KAROLINE+GON%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDALVES+PEREIRA.pdf, retrieved 2017-08-15
- Fonseca Formation
- Mendes, Márcio; de Oliveira, Francisco Irineudo Bezerra; Limaverde, Saulo (2015), "Um novo gênero e duas novas espécies de Pergidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) na Formação Fonseca (Bacia de Fonseca, Paleógeno) Minas Gerais, Brazil", Revista de Geologia 28: 27–36, http://www.periodicos.ufc.br/index.php/geologia/article/viewFile/2566/1969, retrieved 2018-09-10
- Graxaim Formation
- Buchmann, Francisco Sekiguchi de Carvalho; Caron, Felipe; Pereira Lopes, Renato; Ugri, André; Gonçalves de Lima, Leonardo (2009), Panorama geológico da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, _, pp. 11–32, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285665796, retrieved 2019-02-12
- Guabirotuba Formation
- Sedor, Fernando A.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Silva, David D.; Fernandes, Luiz A.; Cunha, Renata F.; Ribeiro, Ana M.; Dias, Eliseu V. (2017), "A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil)", Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24: 39–55, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9364-7, https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10914-016-9364-7.pdf, retrieved 2017-10-26
- Içá Formation
- Itaboraí Formation
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- Maria Farinha Formation
- Pirabas Formation
- Rio Madeira Formation
- Santa Vitória Formation
- Solimões Formation
- Touro Passo Formation
- Tremembé Formation
Chile
- Abanico Formation
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- Bahía Inglesa Formation
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- Caleta Herradura Formation
- Chíu-Chíu Formation
- Chucal Formation
- {{citation |last1=Croft |first1=Darin A. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Andre Wyss |last3=Wyss |first3=André R. |year=2007 |title=A new basal Glyptodontid and other Xenarthra of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, northern Chile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232694422
- Coquimbo Formation
- Cura-Mallín Group
- Horcón Formation
- Huaylas Formation
- Loreto Formation
- Navidad Formation
- La Portada Formation
- Río Baguales Formation
- Río Frías Formation
Colombia
- Altiplano Cundiboyacense
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- Cesar-Ranchería Basin
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- Cocinetas Basin
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- Barzalosa Formation
- Gualanday Group
- Honda Group
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- Los Hoyos beds
- Mugrosa Formation
- Rotinet Formation
- Sincelejo Formation
Ecuador
- Biblián Formation
- Dos Bocas Formation
- Letrero Formation
- Onzole Formation
- Seca Formation
Paraguay
- Chaco Formation
Peru
- Peruvian Amazon
- Sechura Basin
- Chambira Formation
- Chilcatay Formation
- Chota Formation
- Iñapari Formation
- Madre de Dios Formation
- Mogollón Formation
- Moquegua Formation
- Muñani Formation
- Paracas Formation
- Pisco Formation
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- Pozo Formation
- Soncco Formation
- Yahuarango Formation
- Yumaque Formation
Uruguay
- Pleistocene
- Camacho Formation
- Dolores Formation
- Fray Bentos Formation
- Raigón Formation
- San José Formation
- Sopas Formation
Venezuela
- Chaguaramas Formation
- Parángula Formation
- Falcón Basin
- Cantaure & Paraguaná Formations
- Capadare Formation
- Castillo Formation
- Mesa Formation
- Río Yuca Formation
- San Gregorio Formation
- Santa Inés Formation
- Urumaco, Socorro & Codore Formations
