Earth:Nanxiong Formation

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Short description: Geological formation in China
Nanxiong Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
66.7 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesShanghu Formation
OverliesJurassic granite basement, Changba Formation (Nanxiong Group)
Thickness~300 m (980 ft)
Several kilometers (Nanxiong Group)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone, mudstone
OtherLimestone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 23°30′N 114°54′E / 23.5°N 114.9°E / 23.5; 114.9
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 23°48′N 110°30′E / 23.8°N 110.5°E / 23.8; 110.5
RegionGuangdong Province
Country China
ExtentNanxiong Basin
Nanxiong Formation is located in China
Nanxiong Formation
Nanxiong Formation (China)
Nanxiong Formation is located in Guangdong
Nanxiong Formation
Nanxiong Formation (Guangdong)

The Nanxiong Formation (also known as Yuanpu Formation) is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in Guangdong Province. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Description

It consists of continental siliciclastic red beds, with fauna which similar to that of the Nemegt Formation. It has been dated about 66.7 ± 0.3 million years ago.[1] It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting.[2] Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation.[1] Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed,[3] one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanfu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation.[4]

Paleobiota of the Nanxiong Formation

Crocodilians

Crocodilians
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Jiangxisuchus[5] J. nankangensis Nearly complete skull and mandible A crocodyloid

Lizards

Lizards
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Chianghsia[6] C. nankangensis A partial skull and lower jaws A monstersaurian lizard
Tianyusaurus[7] T. zhengi A skull, mandible, first eight cervical vertebrae and nearly complete pectoral girdles A polyglyphanodontian lizard, also known from the Qiupa Formation
Tianyusaurus.jpg

Turtles

Turtles
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Jiangxichelys[8] J. ganzhouensis A complete shell A nanhsiungchelyid turtle
Nanhsiungchelys[9] N. wuchingensis A partial skeleton A nanhsiungchelyid turtle[10]
Oolithes[11][10] O. elongatus, O. nanhsiungensis, O. rugustus and O. spheroides. Egg and egg clutches. Some of these were probably laid by Nanhsiungchelys.[11][10] Turtle and/or theropod eggs.
Oolithes spheroides (Senckenberg).jpg

Dinosaurs

Genus Species Material Notes Images

Theropoda indet.

Indeterminate A maxillary tooth that differs from tyrannosaurid and carcharodontosaurid dentition.[12] A notably large theropod.
Indeterminate Isolated dorsal vertebra.[11] A theropod.

Hadrosaurs

Hadrosaurs
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Microhadrosaurus[11] M. nanshiungensis Partial lower jaw from a juvenile that was about 2.6 m long A nomen dubium hadrosaur taxon.[4]
Hadrosauropodus isp.[4] Indeterminate Three-toed footprints[4] A hadrosaur

Oviraptorosaurs

Oviraptorosaurs
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Banji[13] B. long Nearly complete skull and lower jaw An oviraptorid
Banji long.jpg
Corythoraptor[14] C. jacobsi Nearly complete skeleton including the skull and lower jaw An oviraptorid with a distinct cassowary-like crest
Corythoraptor Restoration.png
Elongatoolithidae indet. Indeterminate Three eggs with embryonic remains.[15] Oviraptorid eggs.
Nanxiong Formation oviraptorid eggs (IVPP V2018).png
Ganzhousaurus[16] G. nankangensis Lower jaw, leg bone, hip bone and caudal vertebrae A transitional oviraptorid with both basal and derived traits
Ganzhousaurus.jpg
Huanansaurus[17] H. ganzhouensis Nearly complete skull, lower jaws, neck vertebrae, a humerus, arm fragments, lower part of the right thighbone, the upper part of the right shinbone, and parts of the right foot An oviraptorid
Huanansaurus restoration.jpg
Jiangxisaurus[18] J. ganzhouensis Incomplete skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, nearly complete pectoral girdle, the left forelimb, ribs, and a partially preserved pelvic girdle An oviraptorid
Jiangxisaurus.jpg
Macroolithus Indeterminate Five egg clutches containing over 60 eggs.[19] Oviraptorid eggs
Nanxiong Formation egg clutches.png
Indeterminate Three eggs with embryonic remains.[20] Oviraptorid eggs Oviraptorid eggs (SMNH-20140105).png
M. yaotunensis Two eggs with embryonic remains.[21] Oviraptorid eggs. Skeletal proportions resemble Heyuannia huangi
M. yaotunensis A nest of 24 eggs associated with an adult oviraptorid.[22] Oviraptorid eggs
Nankangia[23] N. jiangxiensis A partial lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a nearly complete right humerus, pubic bones, and some dorsal ribs An oviraptorid
Nankangia Restoration.jpg

Oviraptoridae indet.

Indeterminate A female individual preserving the pelvic girdle, some caudals and two eggs inside the abdominal cavity.[24] A pregnant oviraptorid
Indeterminate A nesting adult over a nest of eggs, preserving cervical vertebrae, arms and the pelvic region.[22] An oviraptorid that represents the fifth nesting taxon.
Indeterminate A female individual preserving a partial pelvic girdle, hindlimbs and some caudals with two eggs associated near the pelvic region.[25] A pregnant oviraptorid.
Shixinggia[26] S. oblita Sparse postcranial remains lacking the skull An oviraptorid
Tongtianlong[27] T. limosus Almost complete skeleton, portions of the arms, right leg, and tail were destroyed by TNT blasts An oviraptorid, the pose indicates that it may have died trying to free itself from mud
Tongtianlong-5.jpg

Sauropods

Sauropods
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Gannansaurus[28] G. sinensis A single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra A sauropod closely related to Euhelopus
Jiangxititan[29] J. ganzhouensis The three posteriormost cervical vertebrae with two cervical ribs, articulated with the first four dorsal vertebrae with three dorsal ribs A derived lognkosaurian likely closely related to Mongolosaurus, but not the coeval Gannansaurus

Therizinosaurids

Therizinosaurids
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Nanshiungosaurus N. brevispinus Eleven cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae, six sacral vertebrae and the pelvis.[11][30] A therizinosaurid.
Nanshiungosaurus Restoration.png

Tyrannosaurids

Tyrannosaurids
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Qianzhousaurus[31] Q. sinensis A skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a left femur and a left tibia A tyrannosaurid, could represent a third species of Alioramus[32]
Qianzhousaurus sinensis by PaleoGeek.png

Tyrannosauridae indet.

Indeterminate Two isolated teeth.[11] A tyrannosaurid.
Indeterminate Large and well-preserved tooth.[12] A tyrannosaurid.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Buck, B. J.; Hanson, A. D.; Hengst, R. A.; Shu-sheng, H. (2004). ""Tertiary Dinosaurs" in the Nanxiong Basin, Southern China, Are Reworked from the Cretaceous". The Journal of Geology 112 (1): 111–118. doi:10.1086/379695. Bibcode: 2004JG....112..111B. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215605299. 
  2. ↑ Lucas, Spencer G.; Kirkland, James I.; Estep, John W. (1998). "Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Cretaceous of China" (in en). Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems: Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 14. https://books.google.com/books?id=yF4fCgAAQBAJ&q=nanxiong+formation&pg=PA14. 
  3. ↑ Yan, Yi; Xia, Bin; Lin, Ge; Cui, Xuejun; Hu, Xiaoqiong; Yan, Pin; Zhang, Faqiang (April 2007). "Geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks from the Nanxiong Basin, South China and implications for provenance, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate at the K/T boundary". Sedimentary Geology 197 (1–2): 127–140. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.09.004. ISSN 0037-0738. Bibcode: 2007SedG..197..127Y. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33882154/1%E7%BB%88%E7%A8%BFSEDGEO3727.pdf?1402014267=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DGeochemistry_of_the_sedimentary_rocks_fr.pdf&Expires=1595373478&Signature=PUW2lmHY2SBo1vo~HuFe59lkzKQDnnPoz3XexKD6a-9Rh75RiJJ25FjkA-3cYLXhZvhzUMnC87Vh0lTNSZ1W6feAcnfuHBzxXn-NMepfjObNwkicoLrGl97~2BgSD9VwViLFJSJBHEJU9h0CU6wLOHgnRptoZ9a4-A4YeEycnmdSAr6-3~KQ8t~PjeRzXx5~zv86JCq0VawqusN36uKMZEmWr~G2b~K6H3wn91fuTk4sZFdpVexYnHDXF3fym8Hx0htV3gNJvkCJVXFypX65cKz0Yhplonas6B6S9BUbONEiP5FPC8bmYSyrmu4Ozy-Ao98CqwFh4Y090-ocdzu7FQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Xing, L.; Lockley, M. G.; Li, D.; Klein, H.; Ye, Y.; Scott Persons IV, W.; Ran, H. (2017). "Late Cretaceous ornithopod-dominated, theropod, and pterosaur track assemblages from the Nanxiong Basin, China: New discoveries, ichnotaxonomy, and paleoecology". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 466: 303−313. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.035. Bibcode: 2017PPP...466..303X. http://www.xinglida.net/pdf/Xing%20et%20al%202017%20Nanxiong%20tracks.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Chun Li; Xiao-chun Wu; Scott Rufolo (2018). "A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Cretaceous Research 94: 25–39. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015. 
  6. ↑ Mo, J. Y.; Xu, X.; Evans, S. E. (2012). "A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (2): 333. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.588254. 
  7. ↑ Jun-chang Lü; Shu-an Ji; Zhi-ming Dong; Xiao-chun Wu (2008). "An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade". Naturwissenschaften 95 (7): 663–669. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1. PMID 18338150. Bibcode: 2008NW.....95..663L. 
  8. ↑ Haiyan Tong; Jinyou Mo (2010). "Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China". Geological Magazine 147 (6): 981–986. doi:10.1017/S0016756810000671. Bibcode: 2010GeoM..147..981T. http://www.foreignpolicybulletinmonitor.com/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7908884&fulltextType=RC&fileId=S0016756810000671. Retrieved 14 January 2011. 
  9. ↑ H.-k. Yeh. 1966. A new Cretaceous turtle of Nanhsiung, northern Kwangtung. Vertebrata PalAsiatica
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Tong, H.; Li, L. (2019). "A revision of the holotype of Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis, Ye, 1966 (Testudines: Cryptodira: Trionychoidae: Nanhsiungchelyidae)". Cretaceous Research 95: 151−163. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.003. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328822087. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Dong, Z. (1979). "Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China" (in zh). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China. Beijing: Science Press. pp. 342–350.  Translated paper
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Mo, J.-Y.; Xu, X. (2015). "Large theropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi, southern China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 53 (1): 63−72. http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201501/P020150112592082762393.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Xu, X.; Han, F.-L. (2010). "A new oviraptorid dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 48 (1): 11–18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271967561. 
  14. ↑ Lü, J.; Li, G; Kundrát, M.; Lee, Y.; Zhenyuan, S.; Yoshitsugu, K.; Caizhi, S.; Fangfang, T. et al. (2017). "High diversity of the Ganzhou Oviraptorid Fauna increased by a new "cassowary-like" crested species". Scientific Reports 7 (1): 6393. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05016-6. PMID 28751667. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...7.6393L. 
  15. ↑ Wang, S.; Zhang, S.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X. (2016). "Elongatoolithid eggs containing oviraptorid (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) embryos from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern China". BMC Evolutionary Biology 16 (67): 67. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0633-0. PMID 27012653. 
  16. ↑ Wang, S.; Sun, C.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X. (2013). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China". Zootaxa 3640 (2): 242–57. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.7. PMID 26000415. 
  17. ↑ Lü, Junchang; Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Xu, Li; Chang, Huali; Shang, Yuhua; Liu, Di; Lee, Yuong-Nam et al. (2015). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleobiogeographical Implications". Scientific Reports 5 (11490): 11490. doi:10.1038/srep11490. PMID 26133245. Bibcode: 2015NatSR...511490L. 
  18. ↑ Wei Xuefang; Pu Hanyong; Xu Li; Liu Di; Lü Junchang (2013). "A New Oviraptorid Dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 87 (4): 899–904. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12098. http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201304001&flag=1. 
  19. ↑ Yang, T.-R.; Wiemann, J.; Xu, L.; Cheng, Y.-N.; Wu, X.-C.; Sander, P. M. (2019). "Reconstruction of oviraptorid clutches illuminates their unique nesting biology". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 466: 581−596. doi:10.4202/app.00497.2018. 
  20. ↑ Yang, T.-R.; Engler, T.; Lallensack, J. N.; Samathi, A.; Makowska, M.; Schillinger, B. (2019). "Hatching Asynchrony in Oviraptorid Dinosaurs Sheds Light on Their Unique Nesting Biology". Integrative Organismal Biology 1 (1): obz030. doi:10.1093/iob/obz030. PMID 33791544. 
  21. ↑ Cheng, Y.-N.; Ji, Q.; Wu, X.-C.; Shan, H.-Y. (2008). "Oviraptorosaurian Eggs (Dinosauria) with Embryonic Skeletons Discovered for the First Time in China". Acta Geologica Sinica 82 (6): 1089–1094. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00708.x. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Bi, S.; Amiot, R.; Peyre de Fabrègues, C.; Pittman, M.; Lamanna, M. C.; Yu, Y.; Yu, C.; Yang, T. et al. (2020). "An oviraptorid preserved atop an embryo-bearing egg clutch sheds light on the reproductive biology of non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Science Bulletin 66 (9): 947–954. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.018. PMID 36654242. 
  23. ↑ Lü, J.; Yi, L.; Zhong, H.; Wei, X. (2013). Dodson, Peter. ed. "A New Oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern China and Its Paleoecological Implications". PLOS ONE 8 (11): e80557. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080557. PMID 24312233. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...880557L. 
  24. ↑ Sato, T.; Cheng, Y.-N.; Wu, X.-C.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Hsiao, Y.-F. (2005). "A Pair of Shelled Eggs Inside A Female Dinosaur". Science 308 (5720): 375. doi:10.1126/science.1110578. PMID 15831749. http://doc.rero.ch/record/14893/files/PAL_E2034.pdf. 
  25. ↑ Jin, X.; Varricchio, D. J.; Poust, A. W.; He, T. (2020). "An oviraptorosaur adult-egg association from the Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, China". Science 39 (6): e1739060. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1739060. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/16513. 
  26. ↑ Lü, J. C.; Zhang, B. K. (2005). "A new oviraptorid (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province of southern China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 44: 412−422. 
  27. ↑ Lü, J.; Chen, R.; Brusatte, S.L.; Zhu, Y.; Shen, C. (2016). "A Late Cretaceous diversification of Asian oviraptorid dinosaurs: evidence from a new species preserved in an unusual posture". Scientific Reports 6: 35780. doi:10.1038/srep35780. PMID 27831542. Bibcode: 2016NatSR...635780L. 
  28. ↑ Junchang Lü; Laiping Yi; Hui Zhong; Xuefang Wei (2013). "A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 87 (3): 678–685. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12079. http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201303005&flag=1. 
  29. ↑ Mo, Jin-You; Fu, Qiong-Yao; Yu, Yi-Lun; Xu, Xing (2023-09-21). "A New Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi Province, Southern China" (in en). Historical Biology: 1–15. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2259413. ISSN 0891-2963. 
  30. ↑ Zanno, L. E. (2010). "A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 (4): 503–543. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.488045. 
  31. ↑ Lü, Junchang; Yi, Laiping; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Yang, Ling; Li, Hua; Chen, Liu (2014). "A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids". Nature Communications 5: 3788. doi:10.1038/ncomms4788. PMID 24807588. Bibcode: 2014NatCo...5.3788L. 
  32. ↑ Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017). "A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system". Scientific Reports 7: 44942. doi:10.1038/srep44942. PMID 28358353. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...744942C. 



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