Engineering:Box wine
Boxed wine (cask wine) is a wine sold in "bag-in-box" packaging. Traditionally, this consists of a cardboard box containing a wine filled plastic reservoir. The flow of the wine from the box is controlled by a valve.
History
The process for packaging 'cask wine' (boxed wine) was invented by Thomas Angove, a winemaker from Renmark, South Australia, and patented [1] by his company on April 20, 1964.[2] Polyethylene bladders of one gallon (4.5 litres) were placed in corrugated boxes for retail sale. The original design required that the consumer cut the corner off the bladder, pour out the serving of wine, and then reseal it with a special peg.[3] This design was based on a product already on the market, a bag in a box used by mechanics to hold and transport battery acid.[4]
In 1967, Australian inventor Charles Malpas and Penfolds Wines patented a plastic, air-tight tap welded to a metallised bladder, making storage more convenient[citation needed]. Modern wine casks use plastic taps which can be exposed by tearing away a perforated panel on the box. For the following decades, 'bag in a box' packaging was primarily preferred by producers of less expensive wines, as they were cheaper to produce and distribute than glass flagons, which served a similar market.
In Australia, due to the difference in how wine is taxed compared to other alcoholic beverages,[5][6][7] boxed wine is often the least expensive form of drinkable alcohol.[8] A 4-litre cask of at least 9.5% alcohol can often be found for around A$10.[9] These attributes have led to boxed wine being widely available throughout Australia and holding a prominent place in Australian pop culture.[10][11]
During the mid-1970s, the bag-in-box packaging concept expanded to other beverages, including spring waters, orange juices, and wine coolers. Today, however, wine and spring water are the main two beverages packed into these bags.[citation needed]
In 2003, California Central Coast AVA based Black Box Wines introduced mass premium wines in a box.[12] Within the decade, premium wineries and bottlers began packaging their own high-quality boxed wine.[13] This, coupled with an increased cultural interest in environmentally sustainable packaging, has cultivated growing popularity with affluent wine consumers.[14]
Attributes
The Scandinavian state institutions Systembolaget and Vinmonopolet analyzed the environmental impact of various wine packaging in 2010. Bag-in-Box packaging was found to leave only 12% to 29% of the carbon footprint of bottled wine and was found to be superior by every other ecological criterion.[15]
Tyler Colman from The New York Times stated that bag-in-box is more environmentally friendly than bottled wine [14] as well as easier to transport and store. Typical bag-in-box containers hold one and a half to four 750 ml bottles of wine per box, though they come in a wide variety of volumes.[16] Bag-in-box packaging is cheaper and lighter than glass-bottled wine.
The removal of wine from the flexible bag without adding air to fill the vacated space greatly reduces the oxidation of the wine during dispensing. Compared to bottled wine, which should be consumed within hours or days of opening, bag-in-box wine will not spoil for approximately 3–4 weeks after breaking the seal. In addition, it is not subject to cork taint.[17] Wine contained in plastic bladders is not intended for cellaring and should be consumed within the manufacturer's printed shelf life. Deterioration may be noticeable 12 months after filling.[18]
Colloquialisms
In Australia , boxed wine is known colloquially as "goon".[19] The cardboard box is referred to as a "goon box" and the bag within is referred to as a "goon bag". A common Australian drinking game is Goon of Fortune, in which a goon bag is suspended from a Hills Hoist and spun, and whoever it stops on must drink a selected amount of the goon.
The word goon is derived from the word flagon, which is a traditional vessel used for storing wine. An occasional Australian pronunciation of the word flagon, perhaps with humorous intent, placed emphasis on the second syllable such that flagon came to be pronounced as "fla-goon", which was then shortened to simply "goon".[20]
See also
- Goon of Fortune
- Wine cask
- Flavored fortified wine
- Jug wine, inexpensive table wine
References
- ↑ "IP Australia: AusPat Disclaimer". http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/applicationDetails.do?applicationNo=1964043419.
- ↑ "Eclectic mix honoured on Australia Day". The Sydney Morning Herald. 13 September 2009. https://www.smh.com.au/national/eclectic-mix-honoured-on-australia-day-20110126-1a4h9.html.
- ↑ "Wine cask". Powerhouse Museum. http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/australia_innovates/?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1000&article_id=10021.
- ↑ "Who Invented The Wine Cask (Goon Box)?" (in en-US). Good Goon Guide. 2017-08-06. http://www.goodgoonguide.com/who-invented-the-wine-cask/.
- ↑ Office, Australian Taxation. "Wine equalisation tax" (in en-AU). https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Wine-equalisation-tax/?default.
- ↑ Office, Australian Taxation. "Excise rates for alcohol" (in en-AU). https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Excise-and-excise-equivalent-goods/Alcohol-excise/Excise-rates-for-alcohol/?default.
- ↑ "The goon show: How the tax system works to subsidise cheap wine and alcohol consumption" (in en). 8 July 2015. https://www.tai.org.au/content/goon-show-how-tax-system-works-subsidise-cheap-wine-and-alcohol-consumption-1.
- ↑ "r/australia - What are the best options for Cheap Alcohol in australia?" (in en-US). 26 July 2015. https://www.reddit.com/r/australia/comments/3eng3o/what_are_the_best_options_for_cheap_alcohol_in/.
- ↑ "Sonata Estate Fresh Dry White Cask 4L". https://www.danmurphys.com.au/product/DM_772655/sonata-estate-fresh-dry-white-cask-4l.
- ↑ "We Asked Australia's Best Sommelier to Find the Nicest, Cheapest Goon" (in en). 11 May 2016. https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/7bmz8z/we-asked-australias-best-sommelier-to-find-the-nicest-cheapest-goon.
- ↑ Prestipino, David (2014-08-21). "Yeah, we went there: road testing five Australian cask red wines" (in en). https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/yeah-we-went-there-road-testing-five-australian-cask-red-wines-20140822-106tlg.html.
- ↑ "Boxed wine and snobbish notions". 7 January 2004. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-01-07-0401060837-story.html.
- ↑ "Ultrapremium boxed wine? Yes, that's coming to the North Coast" (in en-US). 2022-05-05. https://www.northbaybusinessjournal.com/article/industrynews/rise-of-california-north-coast-ultrapremium-boxed-wine/.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Colman, Tyler (August 17, 2008). "Drink Outside the Box". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/opinion/18colman.html.
- ↑ Nordic LCA Wine Package Study – Final Report, Systembolaget and Vinmonopolet, August 2010, https://www.tetrapak.com/content/dam/tetrapak/publicweb/se/sv/sustainability/lca-nordic-wine-2010.pdf, retrieved 2021-08-04
- ↑ "Battle of the wines: Boxed vs. bottled" (in en). 17 April 2008. https://www.today.com/food/battle-wines-boxed-vs-bottled-wbna24183992.
- ↑ Lonvaud-Funel, A. (1999). "Lactic acid bacteria in the quality improvement and depreciation of wine.". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Konings W.N., Kuipers O.P., In ’t Veld J.H.J.H. (eds) Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht) 76 (1–4): 317–331. doi:10.1023/A:1002088931106. PMID 10532386.
- ↑ The Oxford Companion to Wine. "boxes, wine". http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=430.
- ↑ "The humble goon sack is changing — and so are we" (in en-AU). ABC News. 2021-12-21. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-22/love-affair-with-the-goon-bag-endures/100706484.
- ↑ "Macquarie Dictionary". https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/resources/aus/word/map/search/word/goon/The%20Riverina/.
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