Engineering:Newman's energy machine
Newman's Energy Machine was a DC motor which the inventor, Joseph Newman, claimed to produce mechanical power exceeding the electrical power being supplied to it. In 1979, Newman attempted to patent the device, but it was rejected by the United States Patent Office as being a perpetual motion machine.[1] When the rejection was later appealed, the United States district court requested that Newman's machine be tested by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The NBS concluded in June 1986 that output power was not greater than the input.[2] Thus, the patent was again denied.[3][4] The scientific community has rejected Newman's ideas about electricity and magnetism as pseudoscientific and his claims as false.[5]
Claims by the inventor
By adding rolls to the armature of a motor, a larger and larger counter-electromotive force is generated on the motor. Newman outlined his claims about there being a fundamental electromagnetic interaction in all matter ultimately derived from only one type of force particle propagating at the speed of light. Newman claims that the motor derives its power by converting some of the mass of the copper in the coils into usable energy, in application of Einstein's mass–energy equivalence. According to proponents of the Energy Machine, the most crucial part of the design concerns what happens as a result of mechanical commutation.[6][7]
U.S. patent application
In 1979, Newman submitted an application for his device to the United States Patent and Trademark Office.[7] The application was eventually rejected in 1983,[8] which set off a lengthy court battle. The United States District Court requested a master of the court to make the final decision. William E. Schuyler, Jr, former Commissioner of U.S. Patent Office, Washington, DC was chosen by the court to make the final decision to award the patent or not award the patent to Newman. Schuyler concluded that evidence to support Newman's claim was overwhelming and found no contradictory factual evidence.[9]
However, the judge ordered Newman's machine to be tested by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The National Bureau of Standards (NBS), now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), by request of the patent office, tested the device for several months and got negative results. In every case presented in the NBS report, the output power was less than power input from the battery pack, and therefore the efficiency was less than 100%. The court therefore upheld the rejection of the patent application.[3][4]
Newman argued that he had been mistreated by the patent office, and tried to have his motor legalized directly by the US Congress. He obtained a hearing on 30 July 1986 in front of several senators, but he was unsuccessful. During the hearing, Newman refused to have the machine tested by independent experts, and senator John Glenn pointed out that his supposedly independent expert actually had a prior business relationship with him.
The case is now cited in the USPTO's Manual of Patent Examining Procedure as an example of an "inoperative" invention that can't have any utility, concretely as a perpetual motion machine.[10]
Cease and desist order
In August 2007 the Alabama Securities Commission issued a cease and desist order to the "Newman Energy Corporation", alleging it had sold unregistered stock in the company. In January 2008 the company tendered offers of rescission to its nine Alabama investors, offering to reverse the sales. Eight of the investors declined the offer, electing to retain their investment; the ninth did not reply. The company agreed to pay the State of Alabama $7,000 in administrative assessments and investigative costs.[11]
In popular culture
The device is referenced in the Big Black song "Newman Generator", recorded for their 1987 Peel Session.
See also
- Ferranti effect
- Gyroscope
- Inductor
- Singly-fed electric machine
- Voltage
- Orgone
- Free energy suppression conspiracy theory
References
Bibliography
- Newman, J. (8th ed.).(1998). The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman. Scottsdale, AZ: Joseph Newman Publishing Company. ISBN:0961383585
Notes
- ↑ Newman v. Quigg, 681 F.Supp 16 83-0001 (United States District Court, District of Columbia 17 February 1988).
- ↑ US National Bureau of Standards (June 1986). "Report of Tests on Joseph Newman's Device". The National Capital Area Skeptics. http://www.ncas.org/nbsreport/index.html. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Newman v. Quigg, 877 F.2d 1575 88-1312 (US Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit 5 July 1989).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Peterson, Ivars (5 July 1986). "NBS report short-circuits energy machine – National Bureau of Standards". Science News. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/NBS+report+short-circuits+energy+machine.-a04305182. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
- ↑ Park, Robert L (2000), Voodoo Science: The road from foolishness to fraud, Oxford, UK & New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 8–9, 102–106, ISBN 0198604432, https://books.google.com/books?id=xzCK6-Kqs6QC
- ↑ "Perpetual Motion: Still Going Around". The Washington Post. 2000-01-12. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-499664.html. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Peterson, Ivars (1985-06-01). "A patent pursuit: Joe Newman's 'energy machine'.". Science News. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+patent+pursuit%3A+Joe+Newman's+'energy+machine'.-a03794102. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- ↑ Newman, Joseph (1983-03-17). "Patent Application: "Energy Generation System Having Higher Energy Output Than Input" (failed)". https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1983000963. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- ↑ Kramer, Bruce (1988). "In Re Newman: The Federal Circuit Dismantles An Obstacle For Perpetual Motion Patent Applicants". Akron Law Review 21 (1). http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol21/iss1/8/. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- ↑ 2107.01 General Principles Governing Utility Rejections (R-5) – 2100 Patentability. II. Wholly inoperative inventions; "incredible" utility, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/2100_2107_01.htm Manual of Patent Examining Procedure
- ↑ Alabama Securities Commission (26 September 2008). "Administrative order C0-2007-0024 Consent order". http://www.asc.state.al.us/Orders/2007/CO-2007-0024.pdf.
External links
- Claims
- "The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman" (Official site: archived copy of the site as at the last complete date – 25 March 2014) Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- "The Newman's Energy Machine" by Jean-Louis Naudin and M. David
- Skeptical
- "The Error Machine of Joseph Newman" by Tom Napier
- "Commentary: Crackpot Inventions" by James Randi
- "Is it possible to build a machine that generates more power than it uses?" by Cecil Adams
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